HLA-DQA2

HLA-DQA2
Identifiers
Aliases	HLA-DQA2 , DX-ALPHA, HLA-DXA, HLA-DQA2 (gene), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2, DC-alpha, HLA-DCA, DQA1
External IDs	OMIM: 613503; MGI: 95895; HomoloGene: 134076; GeneCards: HLA-DQA2; OMA:HLA-DQA2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human) [1] Band 6p21.32 Start 32,741,391 bp [1] End 32,747,198 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse) [2] Band 17 B1|17 17.98 cM Start 34,501,718 bp [2] End 34,506,797 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte appendix testicle lymph node duodenum spleen right coronary artery upper lobe of left lung right lung mucosa of transverse colon Top expressed in spleen mesenteric lymph nodes Paneth cell thymus submandibular gland right lung right lung lobe tunica adventitia of aorta skin of external ear superior surface of tongue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function MHC class II receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane endocytic vesicle membrane clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane endosome Golgi apparatus trans-Golgi network membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane Golgi membrane plasma membrane transport vesicle membrane integral component of plasma membrane MHC class II protein complex lysosomal membrane endoplasmic reticulum ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane lysosome integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane endosome membrane Biological process antigen processing and presentation antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway immune system process antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II immune response T cell receptor signaling pathway adaptive immune response Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3118 14960 Ensembl ENSG00000231823 ENSG00000206301 ENSG00000257473 ENSG00000231526 ENSG00000225103 ENSG00000237541 ENSG00000223793 ENSG00000233192 ENSMUSG00000036594 UniProt P01906 P14434 P14437 P01910 P14435 P14438 P04228 P14436 P04227 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020056 NM_010378 RefSeq (protein) NP_064440 NP_034508 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 32.74 – 32.75 Mb Chr 17: 34.5 – 34.51 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene. Also known as HLA-DXA or DAAP-381D23.2, it is part of the human leukocyte antigen system. ^[5]

The protein encoded by this gene is expressed, but unlike HLA-DQA1, it is apparently unable to heterodimerize with HLA class II beta chain paralogues. ^[6] The low level of HLA-DQA2 expression is apparently due to impaired transcription factor binding to the HLA-DQA2 gene promoter. ^[7]

COVID-19

Transcriptome analysis of blood immune cells and nasopharyngeal cells before elaborate infection of study participants revealed that heightened expression of HLA-DQA2 correlates to a significantly lower chance of COVID-19 successfully infecting the individual. ^[8]

References

1. ENSG00000206301, ENSG00000257473, ENSG00000231526, ENSG00000225103, ENSG00000237541, ENSG00000223793, ENSG00000233192 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000231823, ENSG00000206301, ENSG00000257473, ENSG00000231526, ENSG00000225103, ENSG00000237541, ENSG00000223793, ENSG00000233192 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036594 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: HLA-DQA2 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 2".
6. Rudy GB, Lew AM (March 1997). "The nonpolymorphic MHC class II isotype, HLA-DQA2, is expressed on the surface of B lymphoblastoid cells". Journal of Immunology. 158 (5): 2116–2125. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2116. PMID   9036956.
7. Indovina P, Megiorni F, Fontemaggi G, Coni P, Mora B, Mazzilli MC (May 2001). "Absence of in vivo DNA-protein interactions in the DQA2 and DQB2 promoter regions". Human Immunology. 62 (5): 504–508. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00236-1. PMID   11334674.
8. Lindeboom RG, Worlock KB, Dratva LM, Yoshida M, Scobie D, Wagstaffe HR, et al. (July 2024). "Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge uncovers local and systemic response dynamics". Nature. 631 (8019): 189–198. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07575-x. PMC   11222146 . PMID   38898278.

Further reading

• Marsh SG, Bodmer JG (November 1992). "HLA class II nucleotide sequences, 1992". Tissue Antigens. 40 (5): 229–243. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb02050.x. PMID   1362295.
• Kenter M, Otting N, Anholts J, Leunissen J, Jonker M, Bontrop RE (1992). "Evolutionary relationships among the primate Mhc-DQA1 and DQA2 alleles". Immunogenetics. 36 (2): 71–78. doi:10.1007/BF00215282. PMID   1612647. S2CID   43642526.
• Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, Wojcik M, Vaigot P, Auffray C (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120". Immunogenetics. 34 (2): 121–128. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID   1869305. S2CID   10116507.
• Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (January 1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion". Journal of Immunology. 144 (2): 526–531. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.2.526. PMID   1967269.
• Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (November 1990). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (22): 9052–9056. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052 . PMC   55099 . PMID   1978941.
• Gyllensten UB, Erlich HA (December 1989). "Ancient roots for polymorphism at the HLA-DQ alpha locus in primates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (24): 9986–9990. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9986 . PMC   298627 . PMID   2513578.
• Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (June 1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding". Nature. 339 (6225): 548–551. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..548C. doi: 10.1038/339548a0 . PMID   2543930. S2CID   4246781.
• Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, Lasky LA, Greenstein JL, Burakoff SJ (December 1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120". Journal of Immunology. 141 (11): 3715–3717. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3715. PMID   2846691.
• Jonsson AK, Hyldig-Nielsen JJ, Servenius B, Larhammar D, Andersson G, Jörgensen F, et al. (June 1987). "Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and DX alpha and beta genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 262 (18): 8767–8777. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47482-0 . PMID   3036828.
• Horn GT, Bugawan TL, Long CM, Manos MM, Erlich HA (April 1988). "Sequence analysis of HLA class II genes from insulin-dependent diabetic individuals". Human Immunology. 21 (4): 249–263. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(88)90034-1. PMID   3372263.
• Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A (1986). "AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications". AIDS Research. 2 (3): 163–174. doi:10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163. PMID   3489470.
• Auffray C, Lillie JW, Korman AJ, Boss JM, Fréchin N, Guillemot F, et al. (1987). "Structure and expression of HLA-DQ alpha and -DX alpha genes: interallelic alternate splicing of the HLA-DQ alpha gene and functional splicing of the HLA-DQ alpha gene using a retroviral vector". Immunogenetics. 26 (1–2): 63–73. doi:10.1007/bf00345456. PMID   3610256. S2CID   19758795.
• Trowsdale J, Lee J, Carey J, Grosveld F, Bodmer J, Bodmer W (April 1983). "Sequences related to HLA-DR alpha chain on human chromosome 6: restriction enzyme polymorphism detected with DC alpha chain probes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (7): 1972–1976. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80.1972T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.7.1972 . PMC   393734 . PMID   6300884.
• Auffray C, Lillie JW, Arnot D, Grossberger D, Kappes D, Strominger JL (1984). "Isotypic and allotypic variation of human class II histocompatibility antigen alpha-chain genes". Nature. 308 (5957): 327–333. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..327A. doi:10.1038/308327a0. PMID   6584734. S2CID   4358124.
• Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, Martin M, Ostankovitch M, Lafosse S, et al. (May 1994). "HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4". Journal of Immunology. 152 (9): 4475–4488. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4475. PMID   7512597.
• Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, Kalyanaraman VS, Pahwa S (July 1995). "HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71)". Journal of Immunology. 155 (2): 917–924. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.155.2.917. PMID   7541827.
• Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF (July 1995). "Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC". Journal of Immunology. 155 (1): 473–488. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.473. PMID   7602119. S2CID   19994352.
• Rudy G, Lew AM (March 1994). "Limited polymorphism of the HLA-DQA2 promoter and identification of a variant octamer". Human Immunology. 39 (3): 225–229. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(94)90264-X. PMID   8026991.
• Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, Steindl F, Katinger H, Dierich MP (September 1994). "HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41". Molecular Immunology. 31 (13): 977–982. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2. PMID   8084338.
• Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, Oyaizu N, Roifman C, Pahwa R, et al. (April 1994). "Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help". Cellular Immunology. 155 (1): 169–182. doi: 10.1006/cimm.1994.1110 . PMID   8168144.