Habeliida

Habeliida Temporal range: Middle Cambrian–Miaolingian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Habelia
Sanctacaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Order:	† Habeliida Aria and Caron, 2017
Families
†Habeliidae † Habelia †Sanctacarididae † Sanctacaris † Utahcaris † Wisangocaris † Messorocaris ?

Life restoration of Wisangocaris feeding on trilobites.

Habeliida is an order of extinct arthropods that existed during the middle Cambrian. It is divided into two families, Habeliidae (monotypic, containing only Habelia ), and Sanctacarididae (containing Sanctacaris , Utahcaris and Wisangocaris ). They are thought to have been durophagous, with robust gnathobases (spined basal sections of limbs) used to shred hard-shelled organisms. Remains of trilobites have been found as stomach contents in Wisangocaris. ^[1] Messorocaris has been suggested to be part of the order in some studies, but this is uncertain. ^[2] They are suggested to be stem-group chelicerates, though they lack the chelicerae present in true chelicerates. ^[3]

Cladogram after O’Flynn et al, 2023: ^[4]

Total group Arthropoda

"Gilled lobopodians" ( Pambdelurion , Kerygmachela ) Opabinia Radiodonta (e.g Anomalocaris ) Deuteropoda Kylinxia Fengzhengia Kiisortoqia Bushizheia Megacheira Habeliida Mollisonia Chelicerata (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, arachnids, etc) "Great appendage bivalved forms" ( Occacaris , Forfexicaris ) Isoxyida Artiopoda (including Trilobita) Mandibulata Fuxianhuiida Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc) Hymenocarina Pancrustacea (crustaceans, insects, etc)

References

1. Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (21 Dec 2017). "Mandibulate convergence in an armoured Cambrian stem chelicerate". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 261. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17..261A. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1088-7 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   5738823 . PMID   29262772.
2. Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Kimmig, Julien; Pates, Stephen; Skabelund, Jacob; Weug, Andries; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (November 2020). Zhang, Xi-Guang (ed.). "New exceptionally preserved panarthropods from the Drumian Wheeler Konservat-Lagerstätte of the House Range of Utah" . Papers in Palaeontology. 6 (4): 501–531. Bibcode:2020PPal....6..501L. doi:10.1002/spp2.1307. ISSN   2056-2799.
3. Aria, Cédric (Oct 2022). "The origin and early evolution of arthropods". Biological Reviews. 97 (5): 1786–1809. doi:10.1111/brv.12864. ISSN   1464-7931. PMID   35475316.
4. O’Flynn, Robert J.; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xianguang; Mai, Huijuan; Yu, Mengxiao; Zhuang, Songling; Williams, Mark; Guo, Jin; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (August 2023). "The early Cambrian Kylinxia zhangi and evolution of the arthropod head". Current Biology. 33 (18): 4006–4013.e2. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E4006O. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.022. hdl: 10141/623137 . ISSN   0960-9822. PMID   37643622.