Haematopota pluvialis

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Haematopota pluvialis
Tabanidae - Haematopota pluvialis.-2.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Tabanidae
Subfamily: Tabaninae
Tribe: Haematopotini
Genus: Haematopota
Species:
H. pluvialis
Binomial name
Haematopota pluvialis

Haematopota pluvialis, the common horse fly or notch-horned cleg fly, or simply cleg in Scotland and northern parts of Ireland, is a species belonging to the family Tabanidae subfamily Tabaninae. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Distribution and habitat

This species is present in most of Europe, in the Near East, and in the eastern Palearctic realm. [4] It mainly lies in heath and moorland, and in spruce forest edge. [5]

Description

Female of Haematopota pluvialis Tabanidae - Haematopota pluvialis.jpg
Female of Haematopota pluvialis

Haematopota pluvialis can reach a length of 5–11.5 millimetres (0.20–0.45 in), with a wingspan of 8–10 mm. [5] This species has large compound eyes necessary for locating its prey. They are hairy and brightly colored, with stripes extended over most of the eye. In males, the eyes touch at the centre of the frons and the colored stripes are restricted to the lower part. [6] [7]

Female in a wet meadow

The first antennal segment is quite bulbous and has a strong sub-apical notch in the female. The thorax is grey, with black longitudinal stripes. The abdomen shows a dark background with a series of lateral pale spots and clearer bands at the end of each black segment. Also the wings have a distinctive pattern, being dark mottled by several clear spots. The legs are black, with yellowish-brown rings. [6] [8]

This species is similar to the also common Haematopota crassicornis , but differs from that species in the orange third antennal segment, in the presence of the sub-apical notch and in the overall brown colouration compared to the often grey tinge of crassicornis. [6] [7]

Biology

These horse flies can be encountered during the daylight hours from late May through late October. [5] The males are harmless and feed on nectar, [7] while the females feed on mammal blood (hematophagy) (hence the Latin name Haematopota pluvialis, literally meaning 'blooddrinker of the rains'), mainly cattle and horses, needing blood for developing eggs. When they bite they inject fluids inhibiting the coagulation of blood, which flows out in such a way that allows the horsefly to lap it. They are also able to bite humans painfully. Females lay their eggs at the base of grass-stems or on the surface of moist soil.

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabanidae</span> Family of insects

Horse-flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only female horseflies bite land vertebrates, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions. Both horse-flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tabanomorpha</span> Infraorder of insects

The Brachyceran infraorder Tabanomorpha is a small group that consists primarily of two large families, the Tabanidae and Rhagionidae, and an assortment of very small affiliated families, most of which have been included within the Rhagionidae.

<i>Tabanus bovinus</i> Species of fly

Tabanus bovinus, sometimes called the pale giant horse-fly, is a species of biting horse-fly. As the scientific name suggests, it prefers bovine animals as the source of blood, although it may bite other kind of mammals as well. The insect is relatively large for a horse-fly, adults usually being 25–30 mm long. Like most other horseflies, its compound eyes are very colorful with stripe-like patterns. Its body and wings are mostly colored brownish gray. It is quite fast and an able flier, being capable of evading most attempts to swat it with ease. It bites humans infrequently, because of its preference of bovine animals. This loud-buzzing horse-fly can be a nuisance, as it circles around its target and occasionally lands to deliver a bite. However, to humans it is considerably less harmful than deer flies (Chrysops), which bite much more vigorously.

<i>Tabanus</i> Genus of insects

Tabanus is a genus of biting horseflies of the family Tabanidae. Females have scissor-like mouthparts that aim to cut the skin. The horsefly can then lap up the blood. Horseflies of this genus are known to be potential vectors of anthrax, worms and trypanosomes. Some species, such as Tabanus bovinus, prefer bovine animals and are less harmful to humans. The genus contains hundreds of species and many species groups.

<i>Tabanus bromius</i> Species of fly

Tabanus bromius, sometimes called the band-eyed brown horsefly, is a species of biting horseflies.

<i>Tabanus glaucopis</i> Species of fly

Tabanus glaucopis, also known as the downland horsefly, is a species of biting horse-fly.

<i>Tabanus maculicornis</i> Species of fly

Tabanus maculicornis also known as the narrow-winged horsefly is a species of biting horse-fly.

<i>Tabanus sudeticus</i> Species of fly

Tabanus sudeticus, also known as the dark giant horsefly, is a species of biting horse-fly. It is the heaviest fly in Europe.

<i>Haematopota</i> Genus of flies

Haematopota is a genus of flies in the horse-fly family, Tabanidae. Among the horse-flies, they are most commonly known as clegs. Many species have colorful, sinuously patterned eyes in life, a character that fades after death. The wings are typically patterned with spots of grey. The genus is named from the Ancient Greek for blood-drinker: αἷμα, haîma, blood; πότης, pótës, drinker. Some species are known to be vectors of livestock diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athericidae</span> Family of flies

Athericidae is a small family of flies known as water snipe flies or ibis flies. They used to be placed in the family Rhagionidae, but were removed by Stuckenberg in 1973. They are now known to be more closely related to Tabanidae. Species of Athericidae are found worldwide.

<i>Philipomyia aprica</i> Species of fly

Philipomyia aprica is a species of horse fly of the family Tabanidae, subfamily Tabaninae.

<i>Chrysops caecutiens</i> Species of deer fly

Chrysops caecutiens, common name splayed deer fly, is a species of horse fly belonging to the family Tabanidae. It is also known by the colloquial name Scotch Cleg.

<i>Hybomitra aterrima</i> Species of fly

Hybomitra aterrima is a species of horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

<i>Haematopota crassicornis</i> Species of fly

Haematopota crassicornis, the black-horned cleg is a species in the horse-fly family, Tabanidae.

Haematopota bigoti is a species of Horse-fly.

Haematopota grandis is a species of Horse-fly. Its common name is the long-horned cleg. It is native to Europe, where it is distributed in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and all states of former Yugoslavia.

<i>Hybomitra montana</i> Species of fly

Hybomitra montana, the slender-horned horsefly, is a species of horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parasitic flies of domestic animals</span> Overview of parasite-transmitting flies

Many species of flies of the two-winged type, Order Diptera, such as mosquitoes, horse-flies, blow-flies and warble-flies, cause direct parasitic disease to domestic animals, and transmit organisms that cause diseases. These infestations and infections cause distress to companion animals, and in livestock industry the financial costs of these diseases are high. These problems occur wherever domestic animals are reared. This article provides an overview of parasitic flies from a veterinary perspective, with emphasis on the disease-causing relationships between these flies and their host animals. The article is organized following the taxonomic hierarchy of these flies in the phylum Arthropoda, order Insecta. Families and genera of dipteran flies are emphasized rather than many individual species. Disease caused by the feeding activity of the flies is described here under parasitic disease. Disease caused by small pathogenic organisms that pass from the flies to domestic animals is described here under transmitted organisms; prominent examples are provided from the many species.

<i>Hybomitra caucasica</i> Species of fly

Hybomitra caucasica is a species of horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

References

  1. Biolib
  2. Stubbs, Alan E.; Drake, Martin (2001). British Soldierflies and their allies: A Field Guide to the Larger British Brachycera (Print). London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 528 pages. ISBN   1-899935-04-5.
  3. Chvála, Milan; Lyneborg, Leif; Moucha, Josef (1972). The Horse Flies of Europe (Diptera, Tabanidae). Copenhagen: Entomological Society of Copenhagen. pp. 598pp, 164figs. ISBN   978-09-00-84857-5.
  4. Fauna europaea
  5. 1 2 3 Commanster
  6. 1 2 3 Influential Points
  7. 1 2 3 Nature Spot
  8. Ernest Edward Austen (1906). Illustrations of British blood-sucking flies. British Museum of Natural History. p. 95.