Bootlace oak | |
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Hakea lorea growing near Gascoyne Junction | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Hakea |
Species: | H. lorea |
Binomial name | |
Hakea lorea | |
Occurrence data from AVH |
Hakea lorea, commonly known as bootlace oak or cork tree, [2] is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae found in central and northern Australia. It has needle-shaped leaves, yellow, white or green flowers and hard corky bark.
Hakea lorea grows as a gnarled tree to a height of 10 metres (33 ft), or as a shrub that is 1 to 5 m (3 to 16 ft) high and forms a lignotuber. The branchlet and leaves are thickly covered either in flattened, soft, silky hairs or woolly short, soft, matted hairs. The hairs more or less remain but eventually, the branchlets become smooth. The trunk bears thick cork like bark with many furrows. The needle-shaped leaves are either single or forked, and measure 15 to 70 centimetres (6 to 28 in) long, 1 to 2.5 millimetres (0.039 to 0.098 in) wide and may be upright or drooping. The inflorescence consists of 15 to 200 individual small yellow, white or green flowers. Flowering occurs mostly from April to September. The rachis is usually 50–250 mm (2.0–9.8 in) long, thickly covered with short, soft, silky hairs. The perianth is 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long, the pistil 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in) long and both covered with soft, short hairs. The fruit are 2.5–5.4 cm (0.98–2.13 in) long, 0.9–2.8 cm (0.35–1.10 in) wide with a long, curved, tapering beak. [2] [3] [4]
The species was first formally described by Robert Brown as Grevillea lorea in 1810 in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen after being collected in Shoalwater Bay, Queensland in September 1802, before reclassifying it in the genus Hakea in 1830, in his Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae . [5] Its name lorea is derived from Latin "made from thin strips of leather" and relates to its leaves. [4] It belongs to a group of related species known as the corkbarks, or lorea group, within the genus Hakea, most of which are found across Australia's arid interior. [6] Two subspecies are currently recognised. The nominate subspecies lorea is found over much of central and northern Australia, while the subspecies borealis is found in the Kimberley and northern Northern Territory. [3] The species as it currently stands includes four species described over central and northern Australia which have been found to blend into one another evenly H. lorea, H. suberea, H. cunninghamii and the Queensland populations of H. fraseri (note that one remaining rare population of Hakea fraseri in New South Wales is considered a valid species). [3]
Cork tree ranges across the interior of central and northern Australia, from the southern Cape York Peninsula in the northeast, south to the Darling Downs in the southeast to northern South Australia and the Pilbara in the west. [3]
It is a slow growing but attractive plant in cultivation, its leaves and bark a feature. Full sun and good drainage are helpful. [4]
Grevillea robusta, commonly known as the southern silky oak, silk oak or silky oak, silver oak or Australian silver oak, is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and accordingly unrelated to true oaks, family Fagaceae. Grevillea robusta is a tree, and is the largest species in its genus. It is a native of eastern coastal Australia, growing in riverine, subtropical and dry rainforest environments.
Grevillea longifolia, commonly known as fern-leaf spider flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Sydney Basin in New South Wales. It is an erect to spreading shrub with narrowly egg-shaped to almost linear leaves, and toothbrush-like groups of pinkish-fawn flowers with a pink to red style. It is fairly readily grown in gardens.
Hakea decurrens, commonly known as bushy needlewood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae.
Grevillea agrifolia, the blue grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is native to the north of Western Australia and parts of the Northern Territory. It is a shrub or tree with narrowly oblong leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and creamy-yellow flowers.
Grevillea pteridifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is also known by many common names, including golden grevillea, silky grevillea, fern-leaved grevillea, golden parrot tree, golden tree, manbulu, yawuny and tjummula. It is a shrub or tree usually with pinnatisect leaves, and bright orange-yellow or reddish flowers.
Hakea chordophylla, commonly known as bootlace oak, bootlace tree, corkwood, or bull oak, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae found in central and northern Australia. Bears very showy golden yellow, pale green or cream nectar rich flowers in winter.
Hakea tephrosperma commonly known as hooked needlewood, is a shrub or small tree species in the family Proteaceae. It has cream flowers, needle-shaped leaves and is one of the taller species in its genus, adaptable for dry to temperate locations.
Hakea pandanicarpa is a shrub species in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to south-west Western Australia.
Grevillea floribunda, commonly known as seven dwarfs grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub with oblong to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base and groups of six to twenty flowers covered with rusty brown hairs.
Persoonia media is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub or tree with branchlets and leaves that are glabrous or only sparsely hairy, elliptic to egg-shaped and up to sixteen yellow flowers on a rachis up to 150 mm (5.9 in) long.
Hakea eriantha, commonly known as tree hakea, is a shrub or small tree endemic to the east coast of Australia. It has white flowers on a woolly stem in leaf axils, long narrow leaves with reddish new growth. Found growing at higher altitudes in moist or sclerophyll Eucalyptus woodland.
Grevillea triternata is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a dense, compact shrub with divided leaves, the end lobes sharply pointed, linear to narrowly triangular, and cylindrical clusters of white flowers with a cream-coloured to pale yellow style.
Grevillea cunninghamii is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is a shrub with egg-shaped leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the edges, and clusters of red flowers.
Hakea baxteri, commonly known as fan-leaf hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to an area in the Great Southern and Wheatbelt regions of Western Australia. It is a species noted for its foliage due to its fan-shaped leaves.
Hakea lasiocarpha, commonly known as long styled hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It has about 30 whitish flowers in clusters in the upper leaf axils, rigid prickly leaves and a limited distribution.
Hakea tuberculata is a flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to several isolated areas along the coast in the Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. It is an upright shrub with white flowers and rigid, prickly leaves.
Hakea macrocarpa, commonly known as flat-leaved hakea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a tree or shrub with furrowed bark, woolly-hairy branchlets, narrowly linear leaves and cream-coloured to greenish-yellow flowers.
Hakea stenophylla is a shrub or tree in the family Proteaceae, with sweetly scented creamy-white flowers. It is endemic to Western Australia.
Hakea fraseri, the corkwood oak, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern New South Wales. It has furrowed bark, pendulous foliage and creamy-white flowers in spring.
Grevillea pyramidalis, commonly known as the caustic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an erect, spindly shrub or small tree with simple linear or pinnatisect leaves with linear to narrowly egg-shaped lobes, and white to yellow or cream-coloured flowers.