Halocladius

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Halocladius
Scientific classification
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Halocladius

Hirvenoja, 1973 [1]
Type species
Chironomus varians Stæger, 1839

Halocladius is a genus of halophilic, non-biting midges in the subfamily Orthocladiinae of the bloodworm family (Chironomidae). [2] [3] [4] They inhabit seashores and saline inland waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Wing length is 1.5–3.5 mm (0.06–0.14 in). [1] Two subgenera have been described: [1] Halocladius [5] and Psammocladius. [6]

Contents

Species

There are five [4] or six species: [3]

Halocladius variabilis

The most widespread species is Halocladius variabilis, known from Canada, northern Europe, and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. [4] The larvae can grow to 12 mm (0.5 in) in length. In Nova Scotia, life cycle is univoltine, possibly bivoltine. [7] It is a commensal, potentially symbiotic with marine algae: the larvae feed on diatoms fouling its host, possibly delivering nutrients via faecal material. Typical host is brown alga Elachista fucicola , growing itself on Ascophyllum nodosum , although other primary and secondary hosts occur too. [4] Typically, a single larva occupies one Elachista fucicola thallus. [4]

In the Baltic, adults emerge between mid-May and late June. Densities of emerging adults as high as 328 individuals/m2 have been observed, although 10 individuals/m2 is more typical. [8] Much higher larval densities, more than 50,000 individuals/m2, have been reported from rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia. [7]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Hirvenoja, Mauri (1973). "Revision der Gattung Cricotopus van der Wulp und ihrer Verwandten (Diptera, Chironomidae)". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 10 (1): 1–363. JSTOR   23733668.
  2. "Halocladius Thienemann". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Halocladius Hirvenoja, 1973". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Tarakhovskaya, Elena R.; Garbary, David J. (2009). "Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae): a marine insect symbiotic with seaweeds from the White Sea, Russia". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 89 (7): 1381. Bibcode:2009JMBUK..89.1381T. doi:10.1017/S0025315409000071. S2CID   85375472.
  5. Peter Cranston (2010). "Halocladius (Halocladius) Hirvenoja". Chiro Key. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  6. Peter Cranston (2010). "Halocladius (Psammocladius) Hirvenoja". Chiro Key. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  7. 1 2 Garbary, DJ; Jamieson, MM; Taylor, BR (2009). "Population ecology of the marine insect Halocladius variabilis (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the rocky intertidal zone of Nova Scotia, Canada". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 376: 193–202. Bibcode:2009MEPS..376..193G. doi: 10.3354/meps07676 .
  8. Hirvenoja, M.; Palmén, E.; Hirvenoja, E. (2006). "The emergence of Halocladius variabilis (Staeger) (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the surroundings of the Tvärminne Biological Station in the northern Baltic Sea" (PDF). Entomologica Fennica. 17 (2): 87–89. doi:10.33338/ef.84292.