Heliothinae

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Heliothinae
(2403) Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera) (22806516069).jpg
Heliothis peltigera
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Noctuidae
Subfamily: Heliothinae
Boisduval, 1828
Genera

See text

Chloridea virescens larva Chloridea virescens chickory.jpg
Chloridea virescens larva

Heliothinae is a small, cosmopolitan subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae, with about 400 described species worldwide. It includes a number of economically significant agricultural pest species, such as Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea .

Contents

Taxonomy

The subfamily has been studied extensively. Important works include studies by Hardwick (1965 and 1970) and Matthews (1988).

Distribution and diversity

Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan [1] subfamily of around 400 species. [2] Its species thrive in hot, dry regions of the world, [1] and the subfamily has its highest species diversity in seasonally-arid tropics and subtropics, such as those found Australia, sections of Asia, the southwest region of the United States, and Africa. [2]

Larvae

The subfamily includes both specialist species, of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and polyphagous generalist species. [3]

The subfamily contains several agricultural pests, including Helicoverpa armigera , Helicoverpa assulta , Helicoverpa zea , Helicoverpa punctigera and Heliothis virescens . [3]

Genera

The subfamily includes the following genera:

Selected former genera

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noctuidae</span> Type of moths commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms

The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other families of the Noctuoidea. It was considered the largest family in Lepidoptera for a long time, but after regrouping Lymantriinae, Catocalinae and Calpinae within the family Erebidae, the latter holds this title now. Currently, Noctuidae is the second largest family in Noctuoidea, with about 1,089 genera and 11,772 species. This classification is still contingent, as more changes continue to appear between Noctuidae and Erebidae.

<i>Helicoverpa zea</i> Species of moth

Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species in the family Noctuidae. The larva of the moth Helicoverpa zea is a major agricultural pest. Since it is polyphagous during the larval stage, the species has been given many different common names, including the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. It also consumes a wide variety of other crops.

<i>Heliothis</i> Genus of moths

Heliothis is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae. It was first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. Some of the species have larvae which are agricultural pests on crop species such as tobacco, cotton, soybean and pigeon pea. Some species originally in this genus have been moved to other genera, see Chloridea and Helicoverpa.

<i>Apamea</i> (moth) Genus of moths

Apamea is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816.

<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Species of moth

Helicoverpa armigera is a species of Lepidoptera in the family Noctuidae. It is known as the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, Old World (African) bollworm, or scarce bordered straw. The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including many important cultivated crops. It is a major pest in cotton and one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest species. It should not be confused with the similarly named larva of the related species Helicoverpa zea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acontiinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Acontiinae is a subfamily of bird dropping moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 50 genera and 430 described species in Acontiinae, found worldwide in temperate and tropical climates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphipyrinae</span>

Amphipyrinae is a subfamily of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 50 genera and 210 described species in Amphipyrinae, although the classifications are likely to change over time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hadenini</span> Tribe of moths

Hadenini is a tribe of cutworm or dart moths in the family Noctuidae. There are more than 140 genera and 1,000 described species in Hadenini, found worldwide.

<i>Helicoverpa</i> Genus of moths

Helicoverpa is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae first described by David F. Hardwick in 1965. Some species are among the worst Lepidopteran agricultural pests in the world, and three species migrate long distances both with and without human transportation, mixing resistance alleles along the way.

<i>Helicoverpa punctigera</i> Species of moth

Helicoverpa punctigera, the native budworm, Australian bollworm or Chloridea marmada, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. This species is native to Australia. H. punctigera are capable of long-distance migration from their inland Australian habitat towards coastal regions and are an occasional migrant to New Zealand.

<i>Heliothis punctifera</i> Species of moth

Heliothis punctifera or the lesser budworm, is an Australian moth of the family Noctuidae; one of the most migratory families of insects. It is considered a pest species to agricultural crops, however, due to its inland habitat, is found to be less damaging to agricultural areas than other species of the genus.

<i>Drasteria</i> Genus of moths

Drasteria is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae.

<i>Tarache</i> Genus of moths

Tarache is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Jacob Hübner. It includes most former New World Acontia species. Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms and The Global Lepidoptera Names Index report this name as a synonym of Acontia.

<i>Schinia pulchripennis</i> Species of moth

Schinia pulchripennis, or the common flower moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae that is distributed throughout North America, including California and Nevada.

Heliocheilus melibaphes is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.

<i>Netelia producta</i> Species of wasp

Netelia producta is a species of ichneumonid wasp in the subfamily Tryphoninae found in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metoponiinae</span> Subfamily of insects

Metoponiinae is a subfamily of owlet moths in the family Noctuidae. There are about 16 genera and more than 70 described species in Metoponiinae.

References

  1. 1 2 Mitter, Charles; Poole, Robert W.; Matthews, Marcus (January 1993). "Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 38: 207–225. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 Matov, Alexej; Zahiri, Reza; Holloway, Jeremy D. (5 May 2008). "The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1763 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1 . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. 1 2 Cunningham, John Paul; Zalucki, Myron P. (1 June 2014). "Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant?". Journal of Economic Entomology. 107 (3): 881–896. doi: 10.1603/ec14036 . Retrieved 23 July 2022.