Hemiptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

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In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". True bugs and thrips were brought together under the name Hemiptera .

Carl Linnaeus Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist

Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus.

Arthropod phylum of animals

An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Euarthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. The term Arthropoda as originally proposed refers to a proposed grouping of Euarthropods and the phylum Onychophora. Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by moulting. Arthopods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an external skeleton. Some species have wings.

Insect class of invertebrates

Insects or Insecta are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Definitions and circumscriptions vary; usually, insects comprise a class within the Arthropoda. As used here, the term Insecta is synonymous with Ectognatha. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body, three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans.

Contents

Cicada (cicadas)

<i>Centrotus cornutus</i> species of insect

Centrotus cornutus (thorn-hopper) is a species of 'treehoppers' belonging to the family Membracidae.

<i>Ledra aurita</i> species of insect

Ledra aurita is a species of bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is the only species of the subfamily Ledrinae that lives in Europe and the United Kingdom.

<i>Cicada orni</i>

Cicada orni is a species of cicada belonging to the family Cicadidae, subfamily Cicadinae and the genus Cicada.

Notonecta (backswimmers)

<i>Notonecta glauca</i> species of insect

Notonecta glauca is a species of aquatic insect, and a type of backswimmer. This species is found in large parts of Europe, North Africa, and east through Asia to Siberia and China. In much of its range it is the most common backswimmer species. It is also the most widespread and abundant of the four British backswimmers. Notonecta glauca are Hemiptera predators, that are approximately 13–16 mm in length. Females have a larger body size compared to males. These water insects swim and rest on their back and are found under the water surface. Notonecta glauca supports itself under the water surface by using their front legs and mid legs and the back end of its abdomen and rest them on the water surface; They are able to stay under the water surface by water tension, also known as the air-water interface. They use the hind legs as oars. Notonecta glauca will either wait for its prey to pass by or will swim and actively hunt its prey. When the weather is warm, usually in the late summer and autumn, they will fly between ponds. Notonecta glauca reproduce in the spring.

<i>Sigara striata</i> species of insect

Sigara striata is a species of water boatman in the family Corixidae in the order Hemiptera.

Micronecta minutissima is a species of water boatman in the family Corixidae in the order Hemiptera.

Nepa (water scorpions)

<i>Nepa cinerea</i> species of insect

Nepa cinerea is a species of water scorpion (Nepidae), found in most of Europe, including the British Isles, as well as North Africa and northern Asia.

<i>Ranatra linearis</i> species of insect

Ranatra linearis is a species of aquatic bug in the Nepidae family. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa, and primarily found near aquatic plants in ponds, marshes and other freshwater habitats, but has exceptionally been recorded from hypersaline lakes and brackish lagoons. The body of these brown insects is typically 3–3.5 cm (1.2–1.4 in) long. Their breathing tube tail is usually about as long as the body of the insect. They are swimming insects, and the adults can fly.

Cimex (shield bugs & bedbugs)

<i>Thyreocoris scarabaeoides</i> species of insect

Thyreocoris scarabaeoides is a species of shield bug found in Europe. It is small (3–4 mm.), nearly round and dark bronzy coloured. The surface is shining, glabrous and strongly punctured. The antennae are piceous, the scutellum not quite covering the corium and membrane. The legs are black with spinose tibiae and piceous tarsi.

<i>Eurygaster maura</i> species of insect

Eurygaster maura, also known as tortoise bug, is a species of true bugs or shield-backed bugs belonging to the family Scutelleridae.

Aphis (aphids)

<i>Tetraneura ulmi</i> species of insect

Tetraneura ulmi, the elm sack gall aphid, is a species of aphid in the family Aphididae.

The Bird cherry-oat aphid is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is often considered as a major pest in cereals in temperate cereal crops, and particularly in some Northern European countries. It is the principal vector of many viruses including the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), the Cereal yellow dwarf virus–RPV, Filaree red leaf virus, Maize leaf fleck virus, and Rice giallume virus, as well as oat yellow leaf disease and the Onion yellow dwarf virus.

<i>Eucallipterus tiliae</i> species of insect

Eucallipterus tiliae, also known as the Linden aphid or Lime-tree aphid, is a member of the family Aphididae. Native to Eurasia in recent times, it is now found worldwide wherever species of Tilia occur.

Chermes (woolly aphids)

Coccus (scale insects)

[Note 1]

Thrips (thrips)

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The current names of all Linnaeus' Coccus species are taken from Gertsson (2008) [1]

Related Research Articles

Phyllosticta is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are common and important plant pathogens. They typically infect the foliage and cause tannish-gray leaf spots with dark brown to purple borders. However, Phyllosticta may also infect fruit and stems. Yield loss is a common consequence of Phyllosticta infection.

10th edition of <i>Systema Naturae</i> Book by Carl Linnaeus

The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". He described the Insecta as:

A very numerous and various class consisting of small animals, breathing through lateral spiracles, armed on all sides with a bony skin, or covered with hair; furnished with many feet, and moveable antennae, which project from the head, and are the probable instruments of sensation.

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Butterflies and moths were brought together under the name Lepidoptera. Linnaeus divided the group into three genera – Papilio, Sphinx and Phalaena. The first two, together with the seven subdivisions of the third, are now used as the basis for nine superfamily names: Papilionoidea, Sphingoidea, Bombycoidea, Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, Torticoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea and Alucitoidea.

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Insects with membranous wings, including bees, wasps and ants were brought together under the name Hymenoptera.

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta". Insects with hardened wing covers were brought together under the name Coleoptera.

Fusicoccum is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There are over 90 species.

Diplodia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae.

References

  1. 1 2 C. A. Gertsson (2008). "Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) as described by Linnaeus" (PDF). Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies. pp. 55–58.
  2. 1 2 3 "Genus Thrips Linneaeus, 1758". Thrips of the World Checklist. CSIRO. November 17, 2005. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Species Aeolothrips fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Australian Faunal Directory . Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. October 9, 2008. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Bed Bugs". John R. Meyer. cals.ncsu.edu. March 13, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
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