Sienkiewicza Street is a long thoroughfare laid in the mid-1860s in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontage carries several tenements which have kept their original architectural features and their historical importance.
The lane runs on an approximate north–south path in the west of downtown district. Stemming in the south from Dworcowa Street, its course crosses numerous other streets on the route: Podolska, Zduny, Lipowa, Śniadeckich, Chrobrego, Kwiatowa, Mazowiecka, Hetmańska and ends at Bocianowo street.
History
The first documents referring to Mittelstraße date back to 1869, as an address book registers some practitioners in this lane.[1] Furthermore, the following issues (1872,[2] 1876[3]) list the houses in the street, i.e. 14 dwellings.
The street appears on map of Bromberg dated 1876,[4] but its northern part is not completed, being laid in the Brenkenhof district (today's Bocianowo).
During its existence, the thoroughfare bore the following names:[5]
Within time, the house numbering in the street evolved, either to account for the extension of the axis (in the mid-1880s and in 1900) or adapt the horse shoe system to the Polish rule (in 1920).
Main areas and edifices
Tenement at 48 Dworcowa Street, corner with Sienkiewicza street
Bahnhoffstraße 74 was built in the early 1880s for Rob. Tuchscher, a pharmacist.[7] He opened his pharmacy Kronen Apotheke there, which was one of few in the city at that time.[8] A new pharmacist, Emil Affeldt, took over the firm at the same location from 1900[9] till the end of the 1920s.
The corner tenement was restored in 2018, and displays two symmetric facades with a neo-classic style and a wrought iron balcony on its corner.
Renovated facade on Dworcowa and Sienkiewicza Streets
Tenement at 50 Dworcowa Street, corner with Sienkiewicza street
Christian Teodor Hinß opened a coach workshop (German: Wagenfabrikant) at this location in 1880.[7] His widow Minna lived there till the outbreak of WWI.[10]
This tenement, erected in 1890,[11] was revamped in the early 1910s. At that time, Minna Hinß, the widow of Teodor, was the landlord and lived at the corner of Dworcowa (then Banhoffstraße).[10]
Renovated in 2017, the facade displays some Art Nouveaumotifs, such as a mascaron on the lintel of a first floor window. In addition, preserved elements are visible on the ground floor, where both carved wooden doors exhibit transom light, adorned in one case with stained glass.
This edifice was used for storage purposes, in particular after 1920, when it served as a granary for the firm "RAWA" till the start of WWII.[12] Today, it houses a shop of metal and non-metal tools.[13]
After a long period during which its plot remained a garden,[9] this tenement was commissioned by Eugen Steinborn, a master locksmith.[10]
From 1920 to 1929, the site housed a joint US-Polish company, AMPOL, which produced incandescent light bulbs. The firm had been established by Polish emigrants to the US, Stefan Daszewski and Rafał Kukliński.[14]
This plot was one of the first where an edifice was erected in the early 1870s. For several decades until the First World War began, a furniture factory established by Julius Grünenwald stood at this address (then 3 Mittelstraße).[1] In the 1960s and 1970s, the area hosted a pharmaceutic drug factory.
Carl Schultz, the first owner of this tenement,[10] ran a restaurant from the location until the early 1930s.[12]
The now-deteriorated building still displays decorated window sills, lesenes on the sides, garnished lintels, and transom lighted entrance doors. Both facades now possess empty niches where they once held statues.
The first building erected here in the early 1880s was registered with only one street number.[7] At the time, the landlord was Hermann Klessen (or Kleßen).
At the turn of the 20th century, this plot was recorded as two separate houses, "4 and 4a Mittelstraße": these had the same owner, Carl Kästner, a railway administrative assistant, who inhabited 4a (present day 7a).[9]
In terms of frontages, the present day 7a building maintained better architectural motifs than its neighbour (floral design cartouches and adorned lintel). The house at 7, however, still boasts an original wrought iron fencing and a wood awning at the side entrance.
This house and the neighbouring one at 11 were owned by Amalie Grundtmann, a rentier.[7] She was listed as owner of this building till the end of the 19th century.[15]
This building's previous edifice from the 19th century was rebuilt in the early 1910s by its new owner, Franz Salewski, a plumber.[10]
The tenement presents some hints of historicist style, especially in the round shaped bay windows on both facades combined with the upper wooden loggia on Zduny frontage.
This area remained unbuilt during most of the street's history of development. Registered at "62 Mittelstraße", it was mentioned during the interwar as a "building site", before hosting a wine shop.[17] In the 1960s, a confectionery, MALTA, was set up there, but was replaced after 1995 by a clothing shop.[17] Today, the site hosts a bakery run by Rafał Przybylski.[17]
The plot preserved its tall workshop chimney in the backyard.
View from the street
Grundtmann's tenement at 11, corner with Lipowa street
This building had Emmy Grundtmann, a rentier, as its initial landlord. She also owned the neighbouring building at 9.[7] Emmy Grundtmann, née Hempel, was living at the time at "56 Wilhemstraße" (today nonexistent, at the corner of Jagiellońska and Bernardyńska streets).[11] At the turn of the 20th century, the tenement was purchased by Albin Cohnfeld, sitting at "22 Bahoffstraße" (50 Dworcowa Street).[18]
In the aftermath of WWI, the building sheltered orphan boys (grades I-III) from the Eastern Borderlands, while older students where housed at 20 Gdańska street.[19] These children were all gathered in March 1921 to the city orphanage at 32 Chodkiewicza street.
After its restoration, the tenement exhibits bossage design, a double frieze running on both frontages, pediments on second floor windows and lesenes flanking openings on the upper floor. It features a series of eaves on the top levels, as well as a super wrought iron entrance door featuring rosettes, flowers and a dragon-shaped handle.
This house is one of the first edifices built on the street. Previously located at "61 Mittelstraße", it was the property of Robert Kayser, a paymaster.[3] The villa changed addresses four times, thanks to the successive house numbering rules from its erection until the Second World War.[3][15][10][12]
The façade is unfortunately not well-preserved. However, the quality of the original wrought iron fencing is preserved, portraying curved and floral motifs.
Nr.13, like Nr.15, belonged initially to the same person, Wilhelm Schmidt, a restaurateur at "12 Wilhelmstraße" (16 Focha street).[8] At the start of the 20th century, he moved to live there, as a rentier, till the late 1920s.[9][20]
Thoroughly refurbished in 2020, the building displays a plethora of architectural details, among others: an adorned corner bay window supported by stucco crafted corbels, round pediments with stuccoed motifs, a transomstained glass window above the entrance door and a wooden corbel table topping both elevations.
Nr.15, like Nr.13, belonged initially to the same person, Wilhelm Schmidt, a restaurateur at "12 Wilhelmstraße" (16 Focha street).[8] In 1900, it changed hands: its new owner was Gustav Schmidt, another restaurateur living at nearby "18 Elisabethstaße" (35 Śniadeckich street).[9]
Renovated in the late 2010s, the facade displays plastered pediments above the openings and corbel tables beneath the eaves.
Akin to Nr.12, this building was erected in the early days of the street, and registered as "22 Mittelstraße".[3] It was then possessed by a master bookbinder, Otto ßausebad.[3] In 1900, this address changed to "57 Mittelstraße" while retaining the same owner.
Refitted in the 2010s, the Mansard roofed tenement displays architectural details, notably stuccoedcartouches as well as embellished window framing (lintel, pediments).
The first landlord of this building at then Elisabethstraße 18 was Gustav Schmidt, a restaurateur[7] who lived there until the beginning of World War I. He was also the owner of the building at Nr.15.
This tenement is particularly noticeable by its grand bay window overhanging the corner. The first floor is adorned with columns, rosettes on the lintel and a triangular pediment, and second displays pilasters crowned by a tented roof. The facade on Śniadecki Street is similarly ornamented, in addition to two large wrought ironbalconies.
The building, then at Elisabethstraße 42a, was a commission from Max Schmidt, a teacher. It was one of the first realizations of Józef Święcicki together with his stepfather, Anton Hoffman, a master bricklayer.
Recently renovated, the elevation boasts neo-Renaissance forms inspired by the Italian Cinquecento, including bossages and motifs. In the corner facing both streets is a bay window on two levels, flanked at each floor by lean columns. In his next works, Józef Święcicki would elaborate further on this architectural style, as seen in the buildings at Tenement at Freedom Square 1 (1896) or at 1/3 Stary Port (1893-1905).[22]
This small building appeared under construction in 1892, then was listed under different numberings (10, 10a or 11) in Mittelstraße. Its first landlord was Max Schmidt, a teacher, living at "43 Elisabethstraße" (40 Śniadeckich street, now nonexistent).[25]
August Kapelski, a shoemaker, was the first owner of this tenement, then at "8 Mittelstraße".[1] This building was the oldest one registered in the street, at the end of the 1860s.
This tenement was commissioned by August Jordan, a raft builder.[11] He lived there until the start of the 20th century.[9]
The building, renovated in 2019,[29] is unique in its mix of plain brick and bossage elements. Furthermore, all the windows on the first floor have pediments, while the second story displays floral decoration in cartouches.
Corner view
Elevation on Sienkiewicza street
Tenement at 20 Chrobrego street, corner with Sienkiewicza street
Carl Juncker, a rentier, was listed as the first landlord of this corner building.[30]
Restored in 2020, its features now include a corner pediment with an adorned tympanum, various other pediments, balustrades, festoons and two superb balconies on Sienkiewicza street.
Benno Donovang was an administrative agent and first owner of this tenement at "49/50 Mittelstraße".[31]
The ornamention of the facade displays late Art Nouveau-early modernism characteristics: on one hand, a carved entrance door with a transom light, a cartouche with floral motifs, on the other hand, the use of geometric shapes and long vertical lines.
The initial landlord was August Dräger, a locksmith.[32]
This tenement stands out among the neighbouring facades by its shape and decoration. The grand avant-corps housing the loggia-entrance with its vaulted shapes is one element of this. Looking closely, one can also make out on the sides an ornamentation of the window lintels and the finials topping the wall gable above the avant-corps.
The commissioner of this building was Anton Grabowski, a master metalworker,[31] living at "14 Blumenstraße" (today's 2 Kwiatowa street, house nonexistent).[10]
Renovated in 2020, the building features a bartizan overhanging at the corner, bay windows and numerous stuccoed motifs present in cartouches or on vertical friezes.
The first landlord was identified as Rudolf Duda, working in the railway business.[8] The house numbering of this plot changed four times: "25 Mittelstraße" (1885), "28 Mittelstraße" (1900), "48 Mittelstraße" (1915) and today's "32 Sienkiewicza street".
A refurbishment completed in 2020 salvaged the elevation, which was in poor technical condition. Furthermore, the facade probably lost its architectural details in the course of earlier works.[33]
Registered in 1890 at "26 Mittelstraße", the owner was listed as Mrs Stepanski or Szczepanski, a widow.[11]
The plain brick elevation on the street has kept many original details, from the mascaron above the entrance to the stucco-adorned openings or the decorated cartouches.
Marian Rudnicki, a merchant, commissioned this tenement.[15] Its plot received three different house numberings: "25 Mittelstraße" in the 1890s, "45 Mittelstraße" (1915) and "38 Sienkiewicza street" in the present.
The corner building, in need of restoration, still possesses entrance door decoration, with pilasters flanking the side and a triangular pediment filled with plastered floral motifs and a smiling figure head. This ensemble is replicated on the door opening on Mazowiecka street.
Carl Heller, a butcher, was the registered landlord of this tenement at its construction.[11]
The house, renovated in the 2010s, exhibits a balcony on the corner narrow facade. There are also stucooed corbels on the window lintel and the corbel table running beneath the roof.
Hugo Hecht, a merchant, commissioned this house. He was an important investor in the city: at the end of the 19th century, in addition to this tenement, he owned three other buildings in Gdańska Street, at 88/90, 92/94 and 96. Hecht was living at "30 Wilhelmstraße" (nonexistent today, in Jagiellońska street).[8]
The renovation carried out in 2020 reinforced the design of its facade. The stories are separated by cornices, the roof is supported by consoles and pediments are incorporated above the windows. Massive balconies are decorated with balustrades and the side garage entrance displays a large wrought iron fence.[34]
This building was commissioned by the Housing Association of Bromberg (German: Wohnungsverein Bromberg), a pioneering cooperative established in 1890.[35] At the re-creation of the Polish state, this German association was transferred to the Polish authorities under the name "Bydgoszcz Housing Cooperative" (Polish: Bydgoska Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa, BSM).
The building's elongated lines, with very few concessions to decoration (except for the wall dormers and the street door) reflect the principles of the then-nascent modernism movement.
Carl Heller, a butcher and owner at Nr.40, also owned this building.[32] Upon his death, his widow Caroline took over its ownership till the turn of the 20th century.[9]
The initial design was the work of the local architect Anton Hoffmann,[21] who also designed other buildings on this street.
View from the street intersection
This previous plot (Nr.44) marks the farthest development of "Mittelstraße" in the 19th century. The vast majority of the allotments located north of Hetmańska street (then Luisen straße) have only been developed from 1900 onwards. As such, many buildings have been commissioned by investors, sometimes in batches.
Its first landlord is listed as Julius Scröder, a trader in flour.[9]
Lean lines define the facade, balanced by the presence of two avant-corps. The entrance portal is flanked by two columns and a pediment. Art Nouveau elements are still visible in the decoration, with a waving line running along the elevation and with the floral stuccoed adornment of the lintels.
Bogusławski was a mason by trade.[9] He lived there till 1939.[12]
The single story house reveals its old character. The building must have been re-constructed from a more ancient one, hence keeping its initial features.
A railway locksmith named Lukowicz, living in Charlottenburg, was listed as the owner of this building from its completion till WWII.[9][12]
The tenement underwent a refurbishment in the first half of 2020. The sturdy shape of the facade is now reinforced by the brick-apparent display, the heavy pilasters and the coarse broken pediments. Interestingly, the corbels crowning the frontage present artistic mascarons.
Bogusławski, living at abutting Nr.48, owned this building as well.[9] He had his initial, "B", inscribed in the half-moon pediment in the middle on the facade.
Apart from this marking, very few original details withstood the passage of time. A singular cartouche filled with curved motifs stands above the main entrance.
These three buildings were commissioned and held by the same investor, Kazimir Gączerzwicz, a shoe maker. He inhabited the house at "31 Mittelstraße" (today's 57), but his business was located at "18 Neue Pfarr Straße" (Jezuicka street).[9] The project was designed by Anton Hoffmann.[21]
All three facades exhibit the same eclectic features: Nr.53 is better preserved, Nr.55 presents an original and narrow carriage passage, and one-story Nr.57 is much smaller than the others, but retains some decorative acanthus leaves placed on the brackets adorning the windows.
Both buildings were commissioned by Matthaüs Wybrański, working as a roofer. He lived at "35 Mittelstraße" (Nr.58)[9] and maintained ownership of the houses until the late 1930s.[12]
These buildings were the result of the investment of Robert and Wilhelm Hobberg: Robert for Nr.59, Wilhelm for Nr.61. Robert was a food retailer, and Wilhelm was a master carpenter.[9]
Nr.59 still boasts noticeable architectural details (bossage, pediments, corbels) on its narrow frontage. The facades at Nr.61, on the corner with Bocianowo street, have unfortunately lost all their decoration.
This long corner house was first owned by Johann ßalmowski, a baker.[9] Today, a bakery still operates here: it specialises in potato bread made with rye flour.
Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district. Many of its buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Śniadecki Street is a street in downtown of Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has an important mercantile concentration.
Pomorska Street is an important street in downtown Bydgoszcz.
Kołłątaja street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Piotra Skargi street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Piastowski Square is a large and important square in downtown Bydgoszcz, bearing several buildings registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Mikołaja Reja Street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Krakowska street is a small street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Obrońców Bydgoszczy street is located in downtown district, in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Many of the buildings along this axis are either registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, or part of a historical ensemble of Eclectic and Art Nouveau architecture in the city.
Garbary street is located in the Okole district of Bydgoszcz city, Poland. Its development occurred during the second half of the 19th century and today it displays several buildings listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list, with a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist. The area also nurtured a series of local successful factories, under the Prussian and the Polish periods.
Kordeckiego street is located in downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has been laid in the 1850s. Many frontages on this street offer architectural interests: some of the buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Chrobrego Street is an avenue located in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontage carries tenements which present a character of uniformity in their architectural features, several of them being listed at the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
Świętojańska Street is an historical avenue in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontages display various architectural features. A couple of them are listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
Chocimska Street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Kwiatowa street is a short pathway in downtown Bydgoszcz, presenting several architectural buildings erected during a period stretching from the end of the 19th century to the 1930s.
Bocianowo Street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long path in the northern part of Bydgoszcz city. Its facades display various architectural styles and its history sticks with the end-of-19th-century development of the town.
Tadeusza Kościuszki street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long avenue in the northern part of Bydgoszcz. Its houses display various various architectural styles. The path is a witness of the end-of-19th-century industrial activity of the city.
Maksymiliana Jackowskiego street is a 500 metres (1,600 ft) long path in the north-west area of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Located near the Brda river, its frontages display a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist.
Wileńska street is a short path of the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Despite its length, its frontages display a variety of architectural styles.
Mazowiecka street is a path in the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Its buildings still display a mix of eclectic architectural facades as well as highlight the important urban industrialisation in the history of the city.
↑ "Plan der Stadt Bromberg" (Map). Plan der Stadt Bromberg[Map of the city of Bydgoszcz] (in German). Bromberg: Druck u. Verlag Paul Berhold Jaekel. 1876.
↑ Chmielewska, Gizela (2013). Internat Kresowy w Bydgoszczy 1920-1936. Kronika Bydgoska XXXIV. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy - Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp.129–163.
1 2 3 4 Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (2004). Anton Hoffmann - tradycja i profesjonalizm w bydgoskiej architekturze. Kronika Bydgoska XXVI. Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy - Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp.451–463.
1 2 DERKOWSKA-KOSTKOWSKA, BOGNA (2001). Józef Święcicki - szkic do biografii bydgoskiego budowniczego. MATERIAŁY DO DZIEJOW KULTURY I SZTUKI BYDGOSZCZY I REGIONU 6. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp.32–50.
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