Hermissenda opalescens

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Hermissenda opalescens
Opalescent nudibranch hermissenda crassicornis california point joe 2013.jpg
Closeup of Hermissenda opalescens off Monterey, California
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Cladobranchia
Family: Facelinidae
Genus: Hermissenda
Species:
H. opalescens
Binomial name
Hermissenda opalescens
Cooper, 1863 [1]

Hermissenda opalescens is a species of brightly coloured sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae. [2]

Contents

This species is commonly known as the "opalescent sea slug."

Distribution

This nudibranch was described from San Diego, California, United States. [1] It has been reported from Northern California, to Punta Eugenia, Mexico. Its distribution overlaps with Hermissenda crassicornis in Northern California and this latter species is found north to Alaska. [2] These two species were routinely treated as a single species during the last 90 years. [3]

The species has also been observed in Bahia de los Angeles, Gulf of California.

Habitat

Five individuals of Hermissenda opalescens in a Central California tidepool Nudibranches and sea urchin.jpg
Five individuals of Hermissenda opalescens in a Central California tidepool

This sea slug is found in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, but also in bays and estuaries.

Description

The species grows to be about 50 mm, or about 2 inches.

This slug has been treated as a model organism and used in studies into classical conditioning, memory consolidation and associative learning, the structure of neural circuits and neural physiology. It has also been used to investigate ultrastructure and anatomy, larval and reproductive ecology, behavioral ecology and pharmacology and toxicology including studies into Beta thymosins. Unfortunately these studies did not differentiate between the three species of Hermissenda. [2]

Life habits

This nudibranch feeds on hydroids and other marine organisms such as ascidians and sea anemones. It sometimes attacks other nudibranchs, and will eat smaller specimens of its own species. It is host to the ectoparasites Halicyclops thysanotus Wilson C.B., 1935 and Hemicyclops thysanotus Wilson C.B., 1935.

Related Research Articles

Nudibranch Order of gastropods

Nudibranchs are a group of soft-bodied, marine gastropod molluscs which shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown," "marigold," "splendid," "dancer," "dragon," or "sea rabbit." Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.

<i>Glaucus atlanticus</i> Species of mollusc

Glaucus atlanticus is a species of small, blue sea slug, a pelagic aeolid nudibranch, a shell-less gastropod mollusk in the family Glaucidae.

<i>Hermissenda crassicornis</i> Species of gastropod

Hermissenda crassicornis, also known as the thick-horned nudibranch, is a species of brightly coloured, sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

Diverticulum (mollusc anatomy)

As applied to mollusks, the New Latin term diverticulum is an anatomical feature. The term is most often encountered in the plural form as "diverticula", "hepatic diverticula", or "digestive diverticula", which are anatomical terms for organs which are visible from the outside of the body in a clade of sea slugs known as aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs.

<i>Acanthodoris lutea</i> Species of gastropod

Acanthodoris lutea, the orange-peel doris, is a species of nudibranch or sea slug, a shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidorididae.

<i>Diaulula sandiegensis</i> Species of gastropod

Diaulula sandiegensis is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae.

<i>Phidiana hiltoni</i> Species of gastropod

Phidiana hiltoni is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

Diamondback tritonia Species of gastropod

The diamondback tritonia is a species of nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tritoniidae. It is an opportunistic predator of other marine invertebrates.

<i>Dendronotus albus</i> Species of gastropod

Dendronotus albus is a species of sea slug, a dendronotid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Dendronotidae.

Phyllodesmium Genus of gastropods

Phyllodesmium is a genus of predatory sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Chromodoris dianae</i> Species of gastropod

Chromodoris dianae is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.

<i>Chromodoris orientalis</i> Species of gastropod

Chromodoris orientalis is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae. Sea slugs are generally very beautifully colored organisms with intense patterns and ranging in sizes. The Chromodoris orientalis specifically is a white sea slug with black spots in no particular pattern with a yellow, orange, or brown in color ring around its whole body and on its gills. There is much discussion on where it is found, what it eats, how it defends itself without a shell, and its reproduction methods. This is all sought after information because there is not much known about these animals.

<i>Felimare californiensis</i> Species of gastropod

Felimare californiensis, common name the California blue dorid, is a species of colourful sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae that eats dysideid sponges.

<i>Phidiana</i> Genus of gastropods

Phidiana is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Hermissenda</i> Genus of gastropods

Hermissenda is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Phyllodesmium opalescens</i> Species of gastropod

Phyllodesmium opalescens is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Aplidium solidum</i> Species of chordates

Aplidium solidum is a species of colonial sea squirts, a tunicate in the family Polyclinidae. It is commonly known as the red ascidian or sea pork.

Charles Henry O'Donoghue FRSE FZS was an English zoologist who studied molluscs, a malacologist. His publications mostly deal with sea slugs and he also named a number of Bryozoans. A collection of over 700 items left to the University of Reading is known as the O'Donoghue Collection.

Dendronotus dalli is a species of sea slug, a dendronotid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Dendronotidae.

Hermissenda emurai is a species of brightly coloured sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

References

  1. 1 2 Cooper, James Graham. 1863. [for 1862]. Some new genera and species of California Mollusca. Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences 2:202-207.
  2. 1 2 3 Lindsay, T. & Valdés, Á. (2016) The Model Organism Hermissenda crassicornis (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) Is a Species Complex. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0154265.
  3. O'Donoghue, C. H. 1922. Notes on the taxonomy of nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Pacific coast of North America. I. On the identification of Cavolina (i.e. Hermissenda) crassicornis of Eschscholtz. Nautilus 35(3):74-77.