Hermissenda crassicornis

Last updated

Hermissenda crassicornis
Hermissenda crassicornis 1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Cladobranchia
Family: Myrrhinidae
Genus: Hermissenda
Species:
H. crassicornis
Binomial name
Hermissenda crassicornis

Hermissenda crassicornis, also known as the opalescent nudibranch or thick-horned nudibranch, is a species of brightly coloured, sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae. [1]

Contents

Distribution

This nudibranch lives from Kodiak Island, Alaska, to Northern California. It is replaced by Hermissenda opalescens to the south of Northern California. [2]

Description

The species grows to be about 50 mm, or about 2 inches. The colour of this nudibranch varies from one locality to another, but it is always easily recognizable by the orange stripe along its head area as well as the white stripes on the cerata and those running down the mantle. [3] [4]

Ecology

Opalescent nudibranch Hermissenda crassicornis.jpg
Opalescent nudibranch

Diet

This nudibranch prefers to feed on tunicates (such as the sessile ascidians), but overall has a diverse diet, also consuming hydroids, anthozoans, crustaceans, other nudibranchs, dead animals, and the polyps of jellyfish (theoretically, they may also consume stranded adult jellyfish too, if accessible). One study theorizes that H. crassicornis prefers tunicates and feeds only minimally on cnidarians (such as hydroids) either just to obtain defensive nematocysts in complement to their main diet, because cnidarians are simply too toxic to consume in large quantities, or simply because tunicates are nutritionally superior. [5] It sometimes attacks other nudibranchs, and will even cannibalize smaller specimens of its own species.

Habitat

This species is found in various habitats, including the intertidal zone of rocky shores, but also in bays and estuaries.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nudibranch</span> Order of gastropods

Nudibranchs belong to the order Nudibranchia, a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon", and "sea rabbit". Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.

<i>Velella</i> Species of cnidarian

Velella is a monospecific genus of hydrozoa in the Porpitidae family. Its only known species is Velella velella, a cosmopolitan free-floating hydrozoan that lives on the surface of the open ocean. It is commonly known by the names sea raft, by-the-wind sailor, purple sail, little sail, or simply Velella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diverticulum (mollusc anatomy)</span>

As applied to mollusks, the Neo-Latin term diverticulum is an anatomical feature. The term is most often encountered in the plural form as "diverticula", "hepatic diverticula", or "digestive diverticula", which are anatomical terms for organs which are visible from the outside of the body in a clade of sea slugs known as aeolid nudibranchs, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs.

<i>Aeolidia papillosa</i> Species of gastropod

Aeolidia papillosa, known as the common grey sea slug, is a species of nudibranch in the family Aeolidiidae.

<i>Phidiana hiltoni</i> Species of gastropod

Phidiana hiltoni is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Doto amyra</i> Species of gastropod

Doto amyra, or the hammerhead doto, is a species of very small or minute sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Dotidae.

<i>Nembrotha lineolata</i> Species of gastropod

Nembrotha lineolata is a species of nudibranch, a sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae. It is found in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific. It was first described in 1905 by the Danish malacologist Rudolph Bergh. The type locality is Selayar Island, Indonesia.

<i>Hermissenda</i> Genus of gastropods

Hermissenda is a genus of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Facelinidae.

<i>Ziminella salmonacea</i> Species of gastropod

Ziminella salmonacea, common name the salmon aeolis, is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Paracoryphellidae.

<i>Aplidium solidum</i> Species of chordates

Aplidium solidum is a species of colonial sea squirts, a tunicate in the family Polyclinidae. It is commonly known as the red ascidian or sea pork.

<i>Polycarpa aurata</i> Species of sea squirt

Polycarpa aurata, also known as the ox heart ascidian, the gold-mouth sea squirt or the ink-spot sea squirt, is a species of tunicate in the family Styelidae.

<i>Coryphella verrucosa</i> Species of gastropod

Coryphella verrucosa, is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Coryphellidae.

<i>Himatina trophina</i> Species of gastropod

The predaceous aeolis is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine heterobranch mollusc in the family Flabellinidae. This species was commonly known as Flabellina fusca, a junior synonym.

Doto acuta is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Dotidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cnidosac</span>

A cnidosac is an anatomical feature that is found in the group of sea slugs known as aeolid nudibranchs, a clade of marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs. A cnidosac contains cnidocytes, stinging cells that are also known as cnidoblasts or nematocysts. These stinging cells are not made by the nudibranch, but by the species that it feeds upon. However, once the nudibranch is armed with these stinging cells, they are used in its own defense.

<i>Ancula lentiginosa</i> Species of gastropod

Ancula lentiginosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Goniodorididae.

Tenellia punicea is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fionidae.

<i>Hermissenda opalescens</i> Species of class Gastropoda

Hermissenda opalescens is a species of brightly coloured sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

Hermissenda emurai is a species of brightly coloured sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

Tritoniella is a genus of sea slugs, specifically dendronotid nudibranchs. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.The genus was described in 1907 by the British diplomat and malacologist Charles Eliot.

References

  1. Rosenberg, G. (2011). Hermissenda crassicornis (Eschscholtz, 1831). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2012-06-03
  2. Lindsay, Tabitha; Valdés, Ángel (2016). "The Model Organism Hermissenda crassicornis (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) is a Species Complex". PLOS ONE. 11 (4): e0154265. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1154265L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154265 . PMC   4841509 . PMID   27105319.
  3. Thomas, C. (4 April 2007). "Colour variation in Hermissenda crassicornis". Sea Slug Forum. Sydney: Australian Museum.
  4. Wall, Karolle (25 July 2015). "Thick-Horned Nudibranch, Hermissenda Crassicornus". Marine Life et Cetera. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  5. Megina, Cesar; Gosliner, Terrence; Cervera, Juan Lucas (2007). "The use of trophic resources by a generalist eolid nudibranch: Hermissenda crassicornis (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Cahiers de biologie marine. 48: 1–7 via ResearchGate.