Homelessness in Sweden

Last updated
A homeless person's bed in Goteborg, Sweden, 2013. Homeless bed.jpg
A homeless person's bed in Göteborg, Sweden, 2013.

Homelessness in Sweden affects some 34,000 people. [1] [2]

Contents

The Swedish government's response to homelessness has included commissioning national surveys on homelessness during the last decade that allow for direct comparison between Sweden, Denmark and Norway. [3] The three countries have very similar definitions of homelessness, with minor variations. [4]

Some researchers maintain that measures to counteract homelessness in Sweden are largely dependent on a general premise equating homelessness with addiction, mental illness and deviance. [5] On the other hand, youth homelessness is considered a child protection problem. [6]

Street newspapers

Street newspaper vendor in Stockholm Situation Sthlm vendor Stockholm.jpg
Street newspaper vendor in Stockholm

There are several street newspapers in Sweden. Situation Sthlm , [7] was founded in 1995 and was Sweden's only street newspaper until Faktum and Aluma were founded early in the 2000s. [8]

In 2006 the three street newspapers were awarded the grand prize of Publicistklubben (Swedish Publicists' Association). [7] [9]

In 2013, a Swedish tech company created software for the homeless newspaper vendors to accept credit card payments via a mobile app. [10]

In art

In 2015, a Swedish art exhibition at Malmö Konsthall titled “The Alien Within: A Living Laboratory of Western Society” included two homeless people from Romania. The homeless people were not accepting money from visitors but were paid at hourly rate by the event organizers. [11]

Health

Researchers have found that excess mortality among homeless men and women in Stockholm is entirely related to alcohol and drug abuse. [12]

Some researchers have conducted studies on the oral health of homeless people in Sweden and found that they have fewer remaining teeth than the general population. [13]

Related Research Articles

Swedish language North Germanic language

Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by at least 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish. It has more speakers than any other North Germanic language and is the fourth-most spoken Germanic language overall. Swedish is the most spoken language in the Nordic countries and the 14th-most spoken language in Europe, after Greek. It is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where it has status as co-official language.

Carl Michael Bellman 18th-century Swedish poet, songwriter, composer and performer

Carl Michael Bellman was a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet and entertainer. He is a central figure in the Swedish song tradition and remains a powerful influence in Swedish music, as well as in Scandinavian literature, to this day. He has been compared to Shakespeare, Beethoven, Mozart, and Hogarth, but his gift, using elegantly rococo classical references in comic contrast to sordid drinking and prostitution—at once regretted and celebrated in song—is unique.

Solna Municipality Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden

Solna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden, located just north of Stockholm City Centre. Its seat is located in the town of Solna, which is a part of the Stockholm urban area. Solna is one of the richest municipalities in Sweden.

North Germanic languages Languages of the Nordic countries

The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages—a sub-family of the Indo-European languages—along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish scholars and people.

Olaus Petri

Olof Persson, sometimes Petersson, better known under the Latin form of his name, Olaus Petri, was a clergyman, writer, judge, and major contributor to the Protestant Reformation in Sweden. His brother, Laurentius Petri, became the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden.

Snus Moist tobacco product placed under the upper lip, used in the Nordic countries.

Snus is a tobacco product, originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden. It is placed between the upper lip and gum for extended periods, as in sublabial administration. Snus is not fermented. Although used similarly to American dipping tobacco, snus does not typically result in the need for spitting and, unlike naswar, snus is steam-pasteurized.

Elfdalian North Germanic language variety spoken in Sweden

Elfdalian or Övdalian is a North Germanic language spoken by up to 3,000 people who live or have grown up in the locality of Älvdalen, which is located in the southeastern part of Älvdalen Municipality in northern Dalarna, Sweden.

Street newspaper Newspaper sold by the homeless or poor

Street newspapers are newspapers or magazines sold by homeless or poor individuals and produced mainly to support these populations. Most such newspapers primarily provide coverage about homelessness and poverty-related issues, and seek to strengthen social networks within homeless communities. Street papers aim to give these individuals both employment opportunities and a voice in their community. In addition to being sold by homeless individuals, many of these papers are partially produced and written by them.

Swedish Americans American of Swedish birth or descent

Swedish Americans are Americans of at least partial Swedish ancestry. They primarily include the 1.2 million Swedish immigrants during 1885–1915 and their descendants. They formed tight-knit communities, primarily in the American Midwest, and typically intermarried with other Swedish-Americans. Most were Lutheran Christians with origins in the state Church of Sweden who were affiliated with predecessor bodies of what are now the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) from the mergers of 1988 or the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (1847), or the recent North American Lutheran Church (NALC) of 2010; some were Methodists following Wesleyan doctrine.

Maria Kristina Kiellström, known as Maja Stina, was a Swedish silk worker and alleged prostitute, and most famously the fictional demimonde prostitute or Rococo "nymph" Ulla Winblad in the songs called Fredman's Epistles by Sweden's troubadour, Carl Michael Bellman, who made her a major character in his work.

Patient dumping Inappropriately releasing homeless or indigent patients

Patient dumping or homeless dumping is the practice of hospitals and emergency services inappropriately releasing homeless or indigent patients to public hospitals or on the streets instead of placing them with a homeless shelter or retaining them, especially when they may require expensive medical care with minimal government reimbursement from Medicaid or Medicare. The term homeless dumping has been used since the late 19th century and resurfaced throughout the 20th century alongside legislation and policy changes aimed at addressing the issue. Studies of the issue have indicated mixed results from the United States' policy interventions and have proposed varying ideas to remedy the problem.

The Greeks in Sweden constitute people of Greek nationality who have settled in Sweden, as well as Swedish people and Swedish residents of Greek heritage.

<i>Fredmans epistlar</i> Book of songs by Carl Michael Bellman

Fredmans epistlar is a collection of 82 poems set to music by Carl Michael Bellman, a major figure in Swedish 18th century song. Though first published in 1790, it was created over a period of twenty years from 1768 onwards. A companion volume, Fredmans sånger was published the following year.

<i>Situation Sthlm</i>

Situation Sthlm is a street newspaper sold by homeless people in Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1995, and was Sweden's only street newspaper until Faktum and Aluma were founded early in the 2000s.

<i>Journal of Internal Medicine</i> Academic journal

The Journal of Internal Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of internal medicine. It was established in 1863 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine. The editor-in-chief is Bo Angelin.

Solen glimmar blank och trind Song by the 18th century Swedish bard Carl Michael Bellman

Solen glimmar blank och trind is Epistle No. 48 in the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 song collection, Fredman's Epistles. The Epistle is subtitled "Hvaruti afmålas Ulla Winblads hemresa från Hessingen i Mälaren en sommarmorgon 1769". One of his best-known and best-loved works, it depicts an early morning on Lake Mälaren, as the Rococo muse Ulla Winblad sails back home to Stockholm after a night spent partying on the lake. The composition is one of Bellman's two Bacchanalian lake-journeys, along with epistle 25, representing a venture into a social realism style.

Ulla! min Ulla! säj får jag dig bjuda Song by the 18th century Swedish bard Carl Michael Bellman

Ulla! min Ulla! säj, får jag dig bjuda, is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 71. A pastorale, it depicts the Rococo muse Ulla Winblad, as the narrator offers her "reddest strawberries in milk and wine" in the Djurgården countryside north of Stockholm.

I går såg jag ditt barn, min Fröja Song by the 18th century Swedish bard Carl Michael Bellman

I går såg jag ditt barn, min Fröja, is a ballad from the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 28. The epistle is subtitled "Om et anstäldt försåt emot Ulla Winblad.". It describes an attempt to arrest the "nymph" Ulla Winblad, based on a real event. The lyrics create a rococo picture of life, blending classical allusion and pastoral description with harsh reality.

Homelessness in Denmark is considered a significant social issue in the country. Since 2007, comprehensive counts have been performed every other year in week six. The latest, from 2017, counted 6,635 homeless people in Denmark. The total number of people experiencing homelessness at some point in 2017 was estimated at 13,000, while earlier estimates have placed it between 10,000 and 15,000. Roughly half the homeless are in the Capital Region. When compared to many other countries, such as the United States, the rate of Denmark's homeless is significantly lower, which has been linked to the relatively comprehensive welfare system.

<i>Bacchi Tempel</i> Book-length poem in alexandrines by Carl Michael Bellman

Bacchi tempel öppnat vid en hjältes död, commonly known as Bacchi Tempel is a song play, a long poem in two thousand alexandrines, written by Carl Michael Bellman and published by Sweden's royal printing press in 1783. The illustrator was Elias Martin. The work had been preceded by a version from 1779 titled "Bacchi Temple opened at the death of Corporal and Order Oboist Father Movitz", but had been reworked and expanded several times.

References

  1. "A portrait of modern Sweden in ten statistics". 15 January 2015.
  2. Vichea, Pang (2 September 2016). "Rebooting lives at the Homeless World Cup".
  3. Busch-Geertsema, Volker. "Defining and measuring homelessness." Homelessness Research in Europe: Festschrift for Bill Edgar and Joe Doherty (2010): 19-39.
  4. Benjaminsen, Lars, and Evelyn Dyb. "The Effectiveness of Homeless Policies–Variations among the Scandinavian Countries." European Journal of Homelessness 2 (2008).
  5. Löfstrand, Cecilia Hansen. "Reforming the work to combat long-term homelessness in Sweden." Acta Sociologica 53, no. 1 (2010): 19-34.
  6. Healy, Karen, Tommy Lundström, and Marie Sallnäs. "A comparison of out-of-home care for children and young people in Australia and Sweden: Worlds apart?." Australian Social Work 64, no. 4 (2011): 416-431.
  7. 1 2 Holender, Robert (2006-05-22). "De hemlösas tidningar prisades". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-02-11.[ permanent dead link ]
  8. Boukhari, Sophie (1999). "The press takes to the street" (PDF). The UNESCO Courier . UNESCO.
  9. "Röster åt utsatta fick publicistpris". Ekot (in Swedish). Sveriges Radio. 2006-05-22. Archived from the original on 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
  10. Gibbs, Samuel (18 October 2013). "Stockholm's homeless now accept payments - by debit card" via The Guardian.
  11. "Are Homeless People Exploited in Swedish Art Installation? - artnet News". 2 February 2015.
  12. Beijer, Ulla, Sven Andreasson, Gunnar Ågren, and Anna Fugelstad. "Mortality and causes of death among homeless women and men in Stockholm." Scandinavian journal of public health 39, no. 2 (2011): 121-127.
  13. De Palma, Patricia, Lars Frithiof, Lena Persson, Björn Klinge, Jan Halldin, and Ulla Beijer. "Oral health of homeless adults in Stockholm, Sweden." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 63, no. 1 (2005): 50-55.