House of Flanders | |
---|---|
![]() Arms of the County of Flanders | |
Country | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Founded | 863 |
Founder | Baldwin Iron Arm |
Final ruler | Jerusalem: Baldwin I Boulogne: Matilda I Flanders: Margaret II |
Titles | |
Estate(s) | Flanders, Hainaut, Constantinople, Boulogne |
Dissolution | 10 February 1280 |
Cadet branches |
|
The House of Flanders, also called the Baldwins (Latin : Balduini, French : Baudouinides), was a medieval ruling family of Frankish origin that was founded by Baldwin Iron Arm, son-in-law of Charles the Bald. The House of Flanders was the first dynasty to transform a county function of the Carolingian Empire into a hereditary fiefdom, the County of Flanders, falling under West Francia, created by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. [1]
From 1051, the House of Flanders also reigned over the County of Hainaut, with Baldwin I of Hainaut. In 1119, on the death of Baldwin VII, the family had a series of setbacks, but in 1191, the family recovered the title of Count of Flanders with Baldwin VIII (Baldwin V of Hainaut).
The dynasty established the Latin Empire of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, and it also briefly ruled the County of Namur (1188–1212). The House of Flanders became extinct in 1280 with the death of Margaret II.
A cadet branch, the House of Boulogne, ruled over the County of Boulogne. Members of this house joined the First Crusade, established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and produced its first kings.
This is a family tree of the Counts of Flanders, from 864 to 1792, when the county of Flanders was annexed by France after the French Revolution.
House of Flanders | House of Estridsen | Baldwin I 830s–879 r. 862-879 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Normandy | House of Alsace | Baldwin II 865-918 r. 879-918 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Savoy | House of Dampierre | Arnulf I 890–965 r. 918-965 | Adelolf Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Capet | House of Habsburg | Baldwin III 940–962 co-r. 958-962 | Arnulf II Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
House of Lorraine | Arnulf II 960–987 r. 965-987 | Arnoulf III Count of Boulogne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin IV 980–1035 r. 987-1035 | Balduin II Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin V 1012–1067 r. 1035-1067 | Eustace I Count of Boulogne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin VI 1030–1070 r. 1067-1070 | Robert I 1032-1093 r. 1071-1093 | Matilda Queen of England 1031-1083 | Eustace II Count of Boulogne | Lambert Count of Lens | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arnulf III 1055–1071 r. 1070-1071 | Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut 1056-1098 | Robert II 1065-1111 r. 1093-1111 | Adela Queen of Denmark 1064-1115 | Gertrude, Duchess of Lorraine 1080-1117 | Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy 1054-1134 | Eustace III Count of Boulogne | Godfrey Ruler of Jerusalem | Baldwin I King of Jerusalem | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut 1088-1120 | Baldwin VII 1093-1119 r. 1111-1119 | Charles I 1083-1127 r. 1119-1127 | Theodoric 1099-1168 r. 1128-1168 | William 1102-1128 r. 1127-1128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut 1108–1171 | Philip I 1143-1191 r. 1168-1191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin VIII 1150-1195 r. 1191-1194 | Margaret I 1145-1194 r. 1191-1194 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin IX 1172-1205 r. 1194-1205 | Philip I Margrave of Namur | Henry Latin Emperor of Constantinople | Eustace Regent of kingdom of Tessalonica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ferdinand 1188-1233 r. 1212-1233 | Joan 1194-1244 r. 1205-1244 | Thomas 1199-1259 r. 1237-1244 | Margaret II 1202-1280 r. 1244-1278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guy 1226-1305 r. 1278-1305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert III 1249-1322 r. 1305-1322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louis I, Count of Rethel 1272-1322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louis I 1304-1346 r. 1322-1346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louis II 1330–1384 r. 1346-1384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip II 1342-1404 r. 1384-1404 | Margaret III 1350–1405 r. 1384-1405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John I 1371–1419 r. 1405-1419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip III 1396–1467 r. 1419-1467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles II 1433–1477 r. 1467-1477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximilian 1459-1519 r. 1477-1482 | Mary 1457–1482 r. 1477-1482 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip IV 1478–1506 r. 1482-1506 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles III 1500–1558 r. 1506-1555 | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 1503-1564 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip V 1527–1598 r. 1555-1598 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor 1527-1576 | Charles II, Archduke of Austria 1540-1590 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip III, King of Spain 1578-1621 | Isabella Clara Eugenia 1566-1633 r. 1598-1621 | Albert 1559–1621 r. 1598-1621 | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor 1578-1637 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip VI 1605-1665 r. 1621-1665 | Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress 1606-1646 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 1608-1657 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maria Theresa Queen of France 1638-1683 | Charles IV 1661-1700 r. 1665-1700 | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 1640-1705 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louis, Grand Dauphin 1661-1711 | Charles V 1685-1740 r. 1713-1740 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip VII 1683-1746 r. 1700-1713 | Francis I 1708-1765 r. 1740-1765 | Maria Theresa 1717-1780 r. 1740-1780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Joseph 1741-1790 r. 1765-1790 | Leopold 1747-1792 r. 1790-1792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Francis II 1768-1835 r. 1792-1793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baldwin I was the first Emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople; Count of Flanders from 1194 to 1205 and Count of Hainaut from 1195 to 1205. Baldwin was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, the conquest of large parts of the Byzantine Empire, and the foundation of the Latin Empire. The following year he was defeated at the Battle of Adrianople by Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, and spent his last days as a prisoner.
Godfrey of Bouillon was a preeminent leader of the First Crusade, and the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. Although initially reluctant to take the title of king, he agreed to rule as prince (princeps) under the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre.
Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, was a nobleman and founder of the Boulogne branch of the House of Flanders. He held the county of Boulogne from 1024 until his death in 1047.
Theoderic, commonly known as Thierry of Alsace, was the fifteenth count of Flanders from 1128 to 1168. With a record of four campaigns in the Levant and Africa, he had a rare and distinguished record of commitment to crusading.
Arnulf I, called "the Great", was the first Count of Flanders.
Robert I, known as Robert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 until his death in 1093. He was a son of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, and the younger brother of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders. He usurped the countship after defeating his nephew Arnulf III and his allies, which included King Philip I of France, Count Eustace of Boulogne and the counts of Saint-Pol and Ardres at the Battle of Cassel. He subsequently made peace with Philip, who became his stepson-in-law, but remained hostile to his sister Matilda and her husband William the Conqueror, who was king of England and duke of Normandy.
Margaret I was the countess of Flanders suo jure from 1191 to her death.
The County of Hainaut, sometimes spelled Hainault, was a territorial lordship within the medieval Holy Roman Empire that straddled the present-day border of Belgium and France. Its most important towns included Mons, now in Belgium, and Valenciennes, now in France.
Arnulf III was Count of Flanders from 1070 until his death at the Battle of Cassel in 1071.
Baldwin II (1056–1098?) was count of Hainaut from 1071 to his death. He was an unsuccessful claimant to the County of Flanders. He disappeared in Anatolia during the First Crusade.
Sibylla of Anjou was a countess consort of Flanders as the wife of Thierry, Count of Flanders. She served as the regent of Flanders during the absence of her spouse from 1147 to 1149.
Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut, was a ruling countess of Hainaut from c. 1050 until 1076, in co-regency with her husband Baldwin VI of Flanders and then her son Baldwin II of Hainaut. She was also countess of Flanders by marriage to Baldwin VI between from 1067 to 1070. She ruled Flanders as regent during the minority of her son Arnulf III in 1070–1071.
The Count of Hainaut was the ruler of the county of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries. In English-language historical sources, the title is often given the older spelling Hainault.
The Battle of Cassel was fought in February 1071 between Robert I of Flanders and his nephew, Arnulf III. The battle was a victory for Robert, and Arnulf was killed in the battle.
Henry II was the Count of Louvain (Leuven) from 1054 through 1071 (?). Henry II was the son of Lambert II, Count of Louvain and Oda of Verdun. His maternal uncles included Pope Stephen IX and Duke Godfrey the Bearded of Lorraine.
Count of Boulogne was a historical title in the Kingdom of France. The city of Boulogne-sur-Mer became the centre of the county of Boulogne during the ninth century. Little is known of the early counts, but the first holder of the title is recorded in the 11th century.
Gertrude of Flanders, was a Countess of Louvain and Landgravine of Brabant by marriage to Henry III, Count of Leuven, and a Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine. At the time the duchy was the upper Lorraine, since 959 separated from the duchy of Lower Lorraine.
The army of Godfrey of Bouillon, the duke of Lower Lorraine, in response to the call by Pope Urban II to both liberate Jerusalem from Muslim forces and protect the Byzantine Empire from similar attacks. Godfrey and his army, one of several Frankish forces deployed during the First Crusade, was among the first to arrive in Constantinople. The army was unique in that it included among its warriors the first three kings of Jerusalem, although Godfrey preferred the title Defender of the Holy Sepulchre, Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, as he believed that the true King of Jerusalem was Christ. This article focuses on the members of the army rather that its exploits which are described in detail in Godfrey’s biography as well as numerous sources listed below.
Anselm of Ribemont was a Frankish noblemen from Flanders and a participant in the First Crusade. His letters to archbishop Manasses II of Reims are key pieces of eyewitness accounts to the First Crusade.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)