Hyaenictitherium

Hyaenictitherium; Temporal range: Late Miocene to Pliocene (Turolian to Ruscinian) Vallesian if Hyaenotherium is included
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Hyaenidae
Subfamily:	† Ictitheriinae
Genus:	† Hyaenictitherium ; Kretzoi, 1938
Type species
	†Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides; Zdansky, 1924
Other species
	†H. parvum; (Khomenko, 1914); †H. namaquensis; (Stromer, 1931); †H. venator; Semenov, 1989; †H. pilgrimi; Werdelin & Solounias, 1991; †H. minimum; de Bonis et al., 2005; †H. barbarum?; Geraads et al., 2010; †H. wongii?; (Zdansky, 1914); †H. ebu?; (Werdelin, 2003);
Synonyms
	Genus synonymy Hyaenotherium?; Species synonymy H. hyaenoides: Palhyaena hipparionum(Gervais, 1846) Kittl, 1887; Ictitherium hipparionum(Gervais, 1846) Sintsov, 1900; Ictitherium hyaenoidesZdansky, 1924; Lycyaena spathulataQiu, Huang, & Guo, 1979; Thalassictis (Hyaenictitherium) hyaenoides(Zdansky, 1924) Solounias & De Beaumont, 1981; Thalassictis wongii(Zdansky, 1924) Qiu, 1985; Thalassictis hyaenoides(Zdansky, 1924) Werdelin, 1988b; ; H. parvum: Lycyaena parvaKhomenko, 1914; ?Lycyaena parva(Khomenko, 1914) Alekseev, 1915; Hyaenictitherium venatorSemenov, 1989; ; H. namaquensis: Hyaena namaquensisStromer, 1931; Hyaena sp. BHendey, 1974; Ictitherium arkesilaiEsu & Kotsakis, 1980; ; H. pilgrimi: Hyaena sivalensisLydekker, 1884; Palhyaena indicaPilgrim, 1910; Palhyaena cf. hipparionum(Gervais, 1846) Pilgrim, 1913; Ictitherium indicum(Pilgrim, 1910) Pilgrim, 1932; Hyaenictitherium indicum(Pilgrim, 1910) Kretzoi, 1938; Thalassictis indicum(Pilgrim, 1910) De Vos, Leinders & Hussain, 1987; 'Ictitherium' indicum(Pilgrim, 1910) Werdelin, 1988; ; H. venator: Ictitherium hipparionum(Gervais, 1846) Macarovici, 1957; ;

Last updated June 14, 2025

Hyaenictitherium is an extinct genus of hyaenids that lived throughout Africa, Asia, and possibly Europe during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. The type species, H. hyaenoides, was similar in size to a striped hyena,^[1] whereas the smaller H. minimum was close in size to a jackal.^[2]Hyaenictitherium may represent a paraphyletic group.^[1]

Some authors argue that Hyaenotherium (Semenov, 1989) is a junior synonym of Hyaenictitherium, and that species belonging to this genus (H. wongii and H. ebu^[2]) should be included in Hyaenictitherium.^[3]^[4]

Taxonomy

Hyaenictitherium was erected by Kretzoi (1938) with H. hyaenoides as the type species. H. venator was later described by Semenov (1989). Werdelin & Solounias (1991) in their review of Hyaenidae included H. parvum, H. namaquensis, and H. pilgrimi in this genus.^[1]H. minimum was later described by Bonis et al. (2005).^[5]H. barbarum was tentatively assigned to Hyaenictitherium by Geraads et al. (2010).^[6] Some authors include species assigned to the genus Hyaenotherium, including H. wongii and H. ebu^[2], under Hyaenictitherium.^[3]^[4]

References

1 2 3 Werdelin, Lars; Solounias, Nikos (1991). "The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics, and evolution". Fossils and Strata. 30: 1–104. doi:10.18261/8200374815-1991-01. ISBN 82-00-37481-5.
1 2 3 Semenov, Yuriy (2008). "Taxonomical reappraisal of "ictitheres" (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Miocene of Kenya". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7 (8): 529–539. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.012.
1 2 Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Hartung, Josephina; Böhme, Madelaine (2023). "Hyaenid remains from the Late Miocene of Kutschwan (Shanxi Province, China)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 97: 653–666. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00658-6.
1 2 Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Vasile, Ştefan; Ursachi, Laurenţiu; Răţoi, Bogdan (2024). "The carnivoran record from the Neogene of eastern Romania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 130 (2): 331–371. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/22194.
↑ de Bonis, Louis; Péigne, Stéphane; Likius, Andossa; Mackaye, Hassane Taïsso; Vignaud, Patrick; Brunet, Michel (2005). "Hyaenictitherium minimum, a new ictithere (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Toros-Menalla, Chad". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 4 (8): 671–679. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.09.020.
↑ Geraads, Denis; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Sbihi-Alaoui, Fatima-Zohra (2010). "Mammalian faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Casablanca (Morocco)". Ichnos. 22 (1): 275–285. doi:10.1080/08912960903458011.

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[:0-1] 1 2 3 Werdelin, Lars; Solounias, Nikos (1991). "The Hyaenidae: taxonomy, systematics, and evolution". Fossils and Strata. 30: 1–104. doi:10.18261/8200374815-1991-01. ISBN 82-00-37481-5.

[:1-2] 1 2 3 Semenov, Yuriy (2008). "Taxonomical reappraisal of "ictitheres" (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Miocene of Kenya". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7 (8): 529–539. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.012.

[:2-3] 1 2 Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Hartung, Josephina; Böhme, Madelaine (2023). "Hyaenid remains from the Late Miocene of Kutschwan (Shanxi Province, China)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 97: 653–666. doi:10.1007/s12542-023-00658-6.

[:3-4] 1 2 Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Vasile, Ştefan; Ursachi, Laurenţiu; Răţoi, Bogdan (2024). "The carnivoran record from the Neogene of eastern Romania". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 130 (2): 331–371. doi:10.54103/2039-4942/22194.

[5] Bonis, Louis; Péigne, Stéphane; Likius, Andossa; Mackaye, Hassane Taïsso; Vignaud, Patrick; Brunet, Michel (2005). "Hyaenictitherium minimum, a new ictithere (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae) from the Late Miocene of Toros-Menalla, Chad". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 4 (8): 671–679. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.09.020.

[6] Geraads, Denis; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Sbihi-Alaoui, Fatima-Zohra (2010). "Mammalian faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Casablanca (Morocco)". Ichnos. 22 (1): 275–285. doi:10.1080/08912960903458011.

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