| Hydririni | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hydriris ornatalis , adult | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Tribe: | Hydririni Minet, 1982 [1] |
| Genera | |
Hydririni is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae.
Adult Hydririni are narrow- to broad-winged moths. Many species exhibit an inconspicuous wing pattern of brown and ochre colours, whereas species like Choristostigma roseopennalis (Hulst, 1886) [2] can be rather colourful.
The tribe is characterised by two synapomorphies: the female genitalia have an appendix bursae on the corpus bursae (as found in Pyraustinae), and the male genitalia of most Hydririni exhibit one or more hair scale patches on the central anterior edge of the abdominal sternite 8. Apart from this, the morphology of the genitalia is rather heterogeneous: in the male genitalia, the valves are slender to broad, and the uncus and gnathos range from well-developed to reduced. The genera Choristostigma , Hydriris , Nehydriris and Rhectothyris have lobar processes with a field of long, thin hair-pencils on the dorsolateral tegumen as well as a phallus with a long caecum and a straight or hooked cornutus.
In the female genitalia, two general types of signa are observed in the corpus bursae: the "ediacaroid" signum (sensu Mally et al. 2019) has the transverse axis more or less reduced, and the signum is elongate and zipper-shaped to nearly circular; the second type is formed by a circle of radiating spines. In Ommatospila , both signum types occur together. [3]
Hydririni are one of the four tribes that form the paraphyletic "non-euspilomeline" group, with the "euspilomeline" clade nested within. The "non-euspilomeline" tribes are characterised by plesiomorphic characters shared with the sister group of Spilomelinae, the Pyraustinae. These plesiomorphic characters include the absence of a longitudinal sclerotized strip on the pleural membranes of the male abdominal segment 8, a straight or concave costa of the valves and an evenly sclerotized phallus apodeme in the male genitalia, as well as the "ediacaroid" signum and an appendix bursae in the female genitalia.
The morphology and chaetotaxy of Hydririni larvae has not been scientifically described.
Recorded food plants of Hydririni larvae are predominantly Sapindaceae: Allophylus psilospermus , A. racemosus , Paullinia bracteosa , P. costaricensis , P. faginea , P. fuscescens , P. grandifolia , P. turbacensis , Serjania atrolineata , S. mexicana , S. rhombea , S. schiedeana , S. valerioi , and Urvilea ulmacea . [4] A single case of feeding on the Fabaceae, Senna obtusifolia is recorded for a Costa Rican specimen of Lamprosema , [4] and the young larvae of Hydriris ornatalis feed on the leaf undersides of Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae) and related plants, whereas older larval instars skeletonize the leaves. [5]
Hydririni in its current composition contains mostly American taxa, with the majority of them described from tropical Central and South America. Lamprosema contains many Old World species that are misplaced in this genus. [1]
The tribe Hydririni was proposed in 1982 by Joël Minet, who originally placed it in the crambid subfamily Glaphyriinae. [6] Minet included only the type genus Hydriris . Minet's original placement of the tribe in Glaphyriinae is likely due to homplastic characters shared by both groups, like the spatulate scales of the hindwings and the spinose signa in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia. [3]
A phylogenetic study based on gene sequences and morphological data found the sampled specimens of Hydriris , Gonocausta , Lamprosema and Syllepis to form a monophyletic group that is the sister group to all other Spilomelinae investigated in that study. Based on morphological congruities, the authors placed four additional genera in this tribe, so that altogether eight genera, comprising 104 species, are currently placed in Hydririni: [3] [1]
The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes.
Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species, the majority of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.
Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,132 described species in 340 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.
Bacotoma is a genus of moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It currently comprises 11 species, with an Oriental and Australasian distribution ranging from India and Sri Lanka over China and Southeast Asia to Australia.
Hydriris is a genus of pyraloid moths in the tribe Hydririni of the subfamily Spilomelinae.
Hydropionea is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The 13 described species are distributed in Central and South America.
Udea is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1845. The currently known 214 species are present on all continents except Antarctica. About 41 species are native to Hawaii.
Plantegumia is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The three described species are distributed in Central and South America.
Terastia is a genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854 with Terastia meticulosalis as type species. The genus is currently placed in the tribe Margaroniini, where it is closely related to the genera Agathodes and Liopasia.
Glaphyriinae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes in 1923
Lineodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the snout moth family Crambidae.
Udeini is a tribe in the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Wurthiini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae.
Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897.
Margaroniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe and Everard Charles Cotes in 1889.
Herpetogrammatini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Asciodini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019.
Nomophilini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Vladimir Ivanovitsch Kuznetzov and Alexandr A. Stekolnikov in 1979.
Cheverella is a monotypic genus of snout moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Cheverella galapagensis, which is endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador. Both the genus and the species were first described by Bernard Landry in 2011. The genus is placed in the tribe Udeini.