| Hymedesmiidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| green Hymedesmiidae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | Poecilosclerida |
| Family: | Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928 [1] |
| Genera | |
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Hymedesmiidae is a family of demosponges in the order Poecilosclerida.
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by France to the north, east and west. The principality is home to 38,682 residents, of whom 9,486 are Monégasque nationals; it is widely recognised as one of the most expensive and wealthiest places in the world. The official language of the principality is French. In addition, Monégasque, Italian and English are spoken and understood by many residents.
Alice Heine was an American-born Princess consort of Monaco, by marriage to Prince Albert I of Monaco. Marcel Proust used her as a model for the Princesse de Luxembourg in his novel, In Search of Lost Time. Her first husband was the Duke of Richelieu, and one of the titles of her second husband was Duke of Mazarin; she was thus unique in bearing the titles of both Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin.
The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.
Albert I was Prince of Monaco from 10 September 1889 until his death. He devoted much of his life to oceanography, exploration and science. Alongside his expeditions, Albert I made reforms on political, economic and social levels, bestowing a constitution on the principality in 1911.
Albert II is the sovereign prince of Monaco and head of the House of Grimaldi. He is the son of Prince Rainier III and Grace Kelly.
Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco is the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly. She bears the title Princess of Hanover by marriage to Prince Ernst August. She is the elder sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Princess Stéphanie. She was Hereditary Princess of Monaco and heir presumptive to the throne from her birth in 1957 until her brother Albert was born the following year, and again from Albert's accession in 2005 until his twins, her niece Gabriella and nephew Jacques, were born in 2014.
Marquis of Baux is a subsidiary title of the Prince of Monaco. When possible, the title passes from the reigning Prince to the first male heir apparent or heir presumptive of the Monegasque throne.
Monaco City is the southcentral ward in the Principality of Monaco. Located on a headland that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, it is nicknamed The Rock. The name "Monaco City" is misleading: it is not itself a city, but a historical and statistical district. It holds most of the country's political and judicial institutions: the Prince's Palace, the town hall, the government, the National Council, the Municipal Council, the courts and a prison.
The House of Grimaldi is the current reigning house of the Principality of Monaco. The house was founded in 1160 by Grimaldo Canella in Genoa and became the ruling house of Monaco when Francesco Grimaldi captured Monaco in 1297. The House of Grimaldi has produced every Prince of Monaco. During much of the Ancien Régime, the family resided in the French court, where from 1642 to 1715 they used the title of Duke of Valentinois.
There are four orders of Monaco. These are:
Jazmin Grace Grimaldi is an American actress and singer. She is the daughter of Prince Albert II of Monaco and Tamara Rotolo.
Gymnobela lamyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Mioawateria watsoni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Lusitanops hyaloides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Phymorhynchus alberti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Theta vayssierei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Émile-Eugène-Aldric Topsent was a French zoologist known for his research of sponges. He was born in Le Havre.
Geodia megastrella is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae. It is a type of demosponge found in the deep temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. It has characteristic stellar-shaped large spicules coined 'megastrellum', hence its name. The species was first described by Henry John Carter in 1876, after dredging it up aboard H.M.S. 'Porcupine', near the Cape St. Vincent in Portugal.
Jules Richard was a French oceanographer and carcinologist, with a focus on copepods. He was for many years the assistant to Albert I, Prince of Monaco, served as director of the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco, and was a president of the Zoological Society of France.
Data related to Hymedesmiidae at Wikispecies
Media related to Hymedesmiidae at Wikimedia Commons  | This article about a demosponge is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |