Poecilosclerida

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Poecilosclerida
Hemimycale columella 1 (Bowerbank, 1874).jpg
Hemimycale columella (Hymedesmiidae)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Poecilosclerida
Topsent, 1928
Families

See text [1]

Poecilosclerida is an order of the demosponge class. It is the most speciose demosponge order with over 2200 species (World Porifera Database [2] ). It contains about 25 recognised families. They are characterised by having chelae microscleres, that is, the minute spicules scattered through the tissues, usually in the 10-60  μm range, have a shovel-like structure on the end. [3]

Most of the families are viviparous with parenchymella larvae that are uniformly ciliated. [3]

Monanchora arbuscula (Crambeidae) Monanchora unguifera (Pink Lumpy sponge).jpg
Monanchora arbuscula (Crambeidae)

Families

As of 2018, the following families are recognized: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sponge</span> Animals of the phylum Porifera

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clionidae</span> Family of gastropods

The Clionidae are a family of sea angels, which are a group of pelagic marine gastropods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demosponge</span> Class of sponges

Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms.

<i>Cladorhiza</i> Genus of sponges

Cladorhiza is a genus of carnivorous sponges, comprising around 40 species found in oceans around the world. Cladorhiza is the type genus of the family Cladorhizidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexasterophora</span> Subclass of Hexactinellid sponges

Hexasterophora are a subclass of glass sponges in the class Hexactinellida. Most living hexasterophorans can be divided into three orders: Lyssacinosida, Lychniscosida, and Sceptrulophora. Like other glass sponges, hexasterophorans have skeletons composed of overlapping six-rayed spicules. In addition, they can be characterized by the presence of hexasters, a type of microsclere with six rays unfurling into multi-branched structures.

<i>Chondrocladia</i> Genus of sponges

Chondrocladia is a genus of carnivorous demosponges of the family Cladorhizidae. Neocladia was long considered a junior synonym, but has recently become accepted as a distinct genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polymastiidae</span> Family of sponges

Polymastiidae is a family of demosponges found in oceans throughout the world. It is the only family in the monotypic order Polymastiida. A useful diagnostic characteristic of members of this family is the presence of numerous surface papillae although this feature is shown by some other sponges.

<i>Clathrina coriacea</i> Species of sponge

Clathrina coriacea is a species of calcareous sponge belonging to the class Calcarea and family Clathrinidae. Species in the genus Clathrina are composed of calcium carbonate tube-like skeletons containing spicules. The sponge can be located in shallow waters widely distributed along North Atlantic coasts, as well as on other coasts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cladorhizidae</span> Family of sponges

Cladorhizidae is a family of carnivorous demosponges found in deep-sea environments worldwide. These sponges are known for their unique feeding structures and predatory behavior, as they capture and consume small animals such as crustaceans.

Cladorhiza caillieti is a carnivorous sponge of the family Cladorhizidae described in 2014 from specimens collected from the Juan de Fuca Ridge off the coast of Vancouver Island. It feeds on small crustaceans such as amphipods and copepods. C. caillieti is an elongate, bottlebrush-shaped sponge with filaments projecting from a main stem, and ranges from 7 to 9 cm in height. The specific epithet honors Dr. Gregor M. Cailliet of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verongiida</span> Order of sponges

Verongiida is an order of sea sponges within the phylum Porifera. The "skeleton" in these sponges is made up of spongin, rather than of spicules. They live in marine environments. The name was proposed by Patricia Bergquist in 1978.

<i>Crambe crambe</i> Species of sponge

Crambe crambe, commonly known as the oyster sponge or orange-red encrusting sponge, is a species of demosponges belonging to the family Crambeidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coelosphaeridae</span> Genus of sponges

Coelosphaeridae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Poecilosclerida. Species are found across the globe.

Latrunculia biformis, the mud-clump sponge, is a widespread deep sea demosponge from the southern hemisphere.

Phyllis Jane Fromont is a New Zealand and Australian scientist specialising in sponges.

<i>Abyssocladia</i> Genus of sponges

Abyssocladia is a genus of the family Cladorhizidae, a family of carnivorous sponges. It is made up of at least 39 species found in oceans all over the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rob van Soest</span> Dutch marine biologist - specialist in sponges

Robertus Wilhelmus Maria (Rob) van Soest, born in 1946, is a Dutch marine biologist. He works at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center and is also affiliated with the University of Amsterdam. He co-authored with John N. A. Hooper Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, a standard reference for sponge classification.

<i>Monanchora</i> Genus of demosponges

Monanchora is a genus of demosponges belonging to the family Crambeida. The genus contains 18 species, which have been researched for their potential use in medicine.

Axoniderma australis is a species of demosponge in the family Cladorhizidae. It is known from type specimens found off the coasts of Tasmania and New South Wales.

Axoniderma kensmithi is a species of demosponge in the family Cladorhizidae. It is known from type specimens found in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.

References

  1. 1 2 WoRMS (2021). "Poecilosclerida". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  2. "Porifera news". marinespecies.org. World Porifera Database. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  3. 1 2 van Soest, Rob. "Order Poecilosclerida". species-identification.org. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  4. 1 2 Merrick Ekins, Dirk Erpenbeck, Lisa Goudie, John N. A. Hooper: New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight. In: ZooTaxa Volume 4878, No. 2. Jan 2021. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.2. Along with: