| Hypogymnia wilfiana | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Hypogymnia |
| Species: | H. wilfiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypogymnia wilfiana | |
Hypogymnia wilfiana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in western North America, where it grows on conifer trees.
Hypogymnia wilfiana was formally described as a new species in 2010 by lichenologists Trevor Goward, Toby Spribille, and Teuvo Ahti. The type specimen was collected in Clearwater Valley, British Columbia, at an altitude of 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Here it was found growing on a branch of Pseudotsuga . The specific epithet honours Canadian bryologist Wilfred Borden Schofield (1927–2008). [1]
The lichen has three typical growth forms: appressed, imbricate, and swollen; the first two forms are most common at lower elevations. Hypogymnia wilfiana contains the secondary compound 2-methylene-3-carboxy-18-hydroxynonadecanoic acid ("apinnatic acid"), recorded for the first time from the genus Hypogymnia . Other compounds present in the lichen are atranorin (upper cortex), physodic acid, and di-O-methylphysodic acid. [1]
The distribution of Hypogymnia wilfiana spans from the Yukon south to Oregon and western Montana and extends to western Alberta in Canada. It occurs in inland, mostly intermontane regions. In the Pacific Coast area, it occurrence is mainly limited to the upper crowns of old trees. It is usually found on conifers, particularly Pseudotsuga, Abies , Picea , and Tsuga . [1]
Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. It has a global distribution, extending from the Arctic to the Antarctic continent but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in Parmelia. In recent decades, the once large genus Parmelia has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness.
Pseudephebe is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains three species that grow on rocks.
Ahtiana is a genus of lichenized fungi known as candlewax lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Ahtiana sphaerosporella or the mountain candlewax lichen, found in western North America. This species was segregated from the genus Parmelia by Canadian lichenologist Trevor Goward in a 1985 publication. It had been suggested that the genus include A. aurescens and A. pallidula based on similarities in morphology, but this transfer is not supported by molecular analysis.
Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.
Absconditella amabilis is a species of lichen in the family Stictidaceae, first found in inland rainforests of British Columbia.
Pertusaria diluta is a species of crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae, first found in inland rainforests of British Columbia.
The North American inland temperate rainforest is a 7 million hectare disjunct temperate rainforest spreading over parts of British Columbia in Canada as well as Washington, Idaho and Montana on the US side. Its patches are located on the windward slopes of the Rocky Mountains and the Columbia Mountains, extending roughly over 1000km from 54° North to 45° North. It is one of the largest inland temperate and boreal rainforests in the world.
Hypogymnia occidentalis, commonly known as the lattice tube lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, where it grows on the lower trunks of conifers, particularly Douglas-fir.
Teuvo ("Ted") Tapio Ahti is a Finnish botanist and lichenologist. He has had a long career at the University of Helsinki that started in 1963, and then following his retirement in 1997, at the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Known as a specialist of the lichen family Cladoniaceae, Ahti has published more than 280 scientific publications. A Festschrift was dedicated to him in 1994, and in 2000 he was awarded the prestigious Acharius Medal for lifetime contributions to lichenology.
Cladonia wainioi or the Wainio's cup lichen is a species of cup lichen found in boreal and arctic regions of the Russian Far East and northern North America.
Cladonia sobolescens, commonly known as the peg lichen, is a species of fruticose lichen. It is found in temperate eastern North America and East Asia.
Xylographa parallela is a species of lichen in the family Xylographaceae, and the type species of the genus Xylographa. Although it has been recorded mostly in montane and boreal forests between latitudes of about 35°N to 65°N, it is, however, the only species of Xylographa that has also been recorded from the Southern Hemisphere. It usually grows on conifer wood, such as logs, snags, fenceposts, and rails.
Punctelia perreticulata is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mediterranean Europe and Russia, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it grows on rocks, bark, or wood. Its main distinguishing features are its thallus surface, marked with many shallow depressions, grooves, or pits, and sorediate pseudocyphellae. The lower side of the thallus is ivory to tan towards the centre and the major secondary metabolite in the medulla is lecanoric acid. A lookalike species with which it has been historically confused is Punctelia subrudecta; this lichen can be distinguished from Punctelia perreticulata by the texture of the thallus surface, or, more reliably, by the length of its conidia.
Bryoria kockiana is a species of horsehair lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, where it grows from the branches of conifer trees.
Parmelia fraudans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Europe and North America, where it grows on rocks.
Pulchrocladia corallaizon is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first formally described as Cladia corallaizon. The specific epithet corallaizon, modified from Greek, means "ever-living coral". In 2018, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Pulchrocladia.
Pulchrocladia ferdinandii is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first formally described as Cladonia ferdinandii by Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1882. The specific epithet honours German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, who collected the type specimen near Esperance, Western Australia. Rex Filson transferred the taxon to Cladia in 1970. In 2018, it was transferred to the newly circumscribed genus Pulchrocladia.
Toby Spribille is a lichenologist, specialising in evolution and taxonomy. He identified the presence of yeast cells as an additional fungal component of some lichens. He works at University of Alberta and is the Canada Research Chair in Symbiosis.
Cliostomum spribillei is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the American Pacific Northwest and western Canada, where it grows on coniferous trees in old-growth forests. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Trevor Goward and Tor Tønsberg. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the headwaters of Grouse Creek at an altitude of 1,750 m (5,740 ft), where it was found growing on the branches and trunks of Abies lasiocarpa in an old-growth forest. The species epithet spribillei honors lichenologist Toby Spribille "for his many significant contributions to our knowledge of northwest North American lichens".
Lobaria anomala, commonly known as the netted specklebelly, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It is found in coastal western North America, where it grows on trees in humid environments.