Hypotrachyna constictovexans

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Hypotrachyna constictovexans
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Hypotrachyna
Species:
H. constictovexans
Binomial name
Hypotrachyna constictovexans
(Sipman) Divakar, A.Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch (2013)
Synonyms [1]
  • Everniastrum constictovexansSipman (2011)

Hypotrachyna constictovexans is a little-known species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [2] Known only from a single specimen collected in 1976, it is found in the highlands of Peru. Its thallus can grow over 5 cm wide, featuring long, straight, and separate lobes that are highly convex and tube-like, with a pale grey, slightly shiny upper surface adorned with cylindrical isidia.

Contents

Taxonomy

The lichen was described as new to science in 2011 by the Dutch lichenologist Harrie Sipman, who classified it in the genus Everniastrum . The type specimen was collected in 1976 along the Cusco-Pilcopata-Paucartambo Road in Cusco Province, Peru. The species epithet combines consticto, which refers to the presence of the substance constictic acid, and vexans, which alludes to the lichen's resemblances to Everniastrum vexans . [3] It was transferred to the genus Hypotrachyna in 2013 by Pradeep Divakar and colleagues. [4]

Description

Hypotrachyna constictovexans has a foliose to somewhat fruticose thallus that is typically over 5 cm wide and is not coriaceous (leathery). Its lobes are long, straight, and separate, measuring 0.6–1.5 mm in width. These lobes are characteristically very convex, almost tube-like in shape over most of their length. The upper surface of the thallus is pale grey, slightly shiny, without a powdery coating ( epruinose ), and shows weak spotting. It is covered with cylindrical isidia, which are the same colour as the thallus but may have a brown cap when young and often develop an erect, black bristle-like structure ( cilium ) at the top when older. The thallus lacks soredia, pustules , finger-like projections ( dactyls ), or small lobes ( lobules ). The interior medulla of the thallus is white, whereas the lower surface is black, turning to brown towards the tips of the lobes. Black, slender cilia measuring 1–4 mm in length are present on the lower surface; these can be simple or occasionally once dichotomously branched. Apothecia (spore-producing structures) and pycnidia ( conidia -producing structures) have not been observed to occur in this species. [3]

In terms of chemical reactions, the upper cortex of Hypotrachyna constictovexans is K+ (yellow), while the medulla is K+ (orange) and Pd+ (orange-red). The lichen does not show any colour change with C or KC reagents and shows no fluorescence under UV light. The thallus contains atranorin in the upper cortex and constictic and protolichesterinic acids in the medulla, as confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. [3]

Distribution

At the time of its original publication, the lichen was known only from a single specimen collected at the type locality. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Parmelia</i> (fungus) Genus of lichens

Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. It has a global distribution, extending from the Arctic to the Antarctic continent but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in Parmelia. In recent decades, the once large genus Parmelia has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness.

<i>Melanelixia</i> Genus of fungi

Melanelixia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 15 Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterized by a pored or fenestrate epicortex, and the production of lecanoric acid as the primary chemical constituent of the medulla. Melanelixia was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the related genus Melanelia.

<i>Esslingeriana</i> Single-species genus of lichen

Esslingeriana is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single foliose lichen species Esslingeriana idahoensis, commonly known as the tinted rag lichen. It is found in northwestern North America.

Relicina colombiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in high-elevation páramo of the Eastern Cordillera in Colombia, it was described as new to science in 2011.

Parmelia asiatica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in China and the Russian Far East, where it grows on Rhododendron tree trunks in temperate regions. It was Described as new to science in 2011 by lichenologists Ana Crespo and Pradeep Divakar. The species is distinguished by its terminal soralia, marginal linear pseudocyphellae, and chemical composition, which includes the substances atranorin and salazinic acid. Parmelia asiatica is similar to Parmelia protosulcata but differs in the presence of salazinic acid and its distribution in Southeast Asia.

Parmotrema albinatum is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Hawaii. It was originally described in 2001 as Rimelia albinata. Later phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the genus Rimelia was synonymous with Parmotrema, so this species was transferred to that genus. The lichen is characterized by the sorediate and short-lacinulate thallus with salazinic acid in the medulla and traces of lobaric acid. The upper surface of the thallus is whitish, which probably a result of the thickness of the thick upper cortex.

<i>Crespoa</i> Genus of fungi

Crespoa is a genus of five species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Species in this genus are characterized by having an upper thallus surface that is wrinkled and reticulately ridged to coarsely foveolate.

Remototrachyna is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was separated from the genus Hypotrachyna based on the structure of the excipulum and genetic differences.

Emodomelanelia is a lichen genus in the family Parmeliaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single foliose Himalayan species Emodomelanelia masonii.

Austromelanelixia is a genus of five species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. All species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Hypotrachyna vainioi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Brazil.

<i>Punctelia guanchica</i> Species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae

Punctelia guanchica is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is only known from the Canary Islands. It is similar in appearance and morphology to the North American Punctelia rudecta, and was historically misidentified as that species until molecular phylogenetic evidence showed it to be a distinct species. It differs in having thicker isidia that develop from the centre of the pseudocyphellae, and it mainly grows on rocks.

<i>Punctelia reddenda</i> Species of lichen

Punctelia reddenda is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Africa, Europe, North America, and South America, where it grows on bark and on rock.

<i>Parmelia barrenoae</i> Species of lichen

Parmelia barrenoae is a species of foliose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2005. Before this, it was lumped together as one of several lichens in the Parmelia sulcata group—a species complex of genetically distinct lookalikes. Parmelia barrenoae is widely distributed, occurring in Europe, western North America, Africa, and Asia.

<i>Parmelia fraudans</i> Species of lichen

Parmelia fraudans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Europe and North America, where it grows on rocks.

Xanthoparmelia isidiovagans is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae

Remototrachyna sipmaniana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur in Bolivia, where it grows on boulders in Yungas mountain cloud forests.

Flavoparmelia virensica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen found in Western Australia, newly described in 2010. This species, belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae, is similar in appearance to Flavoparmelia rutidota and F. caperatula, but can be distinguished by its spindle-shaped conidia and significant quantities of virensic acid. The lichen grows on dead and burnt wood as well as the bark of trees from the genera Allocasuarina, Acacia, and Hakea.

Xanthoparmelia nomosa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Tasmania, Australia.

Xanthoparmelia somervilleae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Tasmania, Australia.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Hypotrachyna constictovexans (Sipman) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, in Divakar, Crespo, Núñez-Zapata, Flakus, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch, Phytotaxa 132(1): 31 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  2. ↑ "Hypotrachyna constictovexans (Sipman) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 53–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1.
  4. ↑ Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; NúñEz-Zapata, Jano; Flakus, Adam; Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Elix, John A.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2013). "A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)". Phytotaxa. 132 (1): 21. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2. hdl: 10553/10587 .
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