| Hypotrachyna lueckingii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Hypotrachyna |
| Species: | H. lueckingii |
| Binomial name | |
| Hypotrachyna lueckingii Sipman (2011) | |
Hypotrachyna lueckingii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. [1] It is only known to occur at high elevations on the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica.
The lichen was described as new to science in 2011 by the Dutch lichenologist Harrie Sipman. The type specimen was collected from Cerro de la Asunción (Cerro de la Muerte, Cordillera de Talamanca, Cartago, Costa Rica) at an elevation of 3,350 m (10,990 ft), where it was found growing on shrub branches in shrubland similar to páramo. The species epithet honours the German lichenologist Robert Lücking for his contributions to the knowledge of the lichen flora in Costa Rica. [2]
Hypotrachyna lueckingii is a foliose (leafy) lichen that grows on tree bark. The thallus, or body of the lichen, spans 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) in width and is loosely attached to its substrate , not having a leathery texture. Its lobes are either linear or slightly irregular and mostly separate from one another, measuring 0.5 to 3 mm wide. These lobes are flat to slightly convex with blunt tips. [2]
The upper surface of the thallus is greenish-yellow and slightly shiny, without any powdery coating ( epruinose ) or distinct spots ( emaculate ). It lacks reproductive structures like soredia, isidia, pustules, dactyls, or lobules, and its upper cortex remains intact. Beneath this upper layer, the medulla is white and contains a continuous layer of symbiotic green algae. The lower surface of the thallus is black with a dark brown edge. The rhizines (root-like structures that attach the lichen to the substrate) are black and fairly dense, sometimes forming a fringe around the edges. These rhizines are about 0.5 mm long and are branched in a forked manner. [2]
Hypotrachyna lueckingii frequently produces apothecia (fruiting bodies) measuring 2–7 mm in diameter. The apothecia have concave to flat, brown, glossy discs with crenulated (scalloped) and incurved (curved inward) margins. The lichen's spores are ellipsoid, measuring 10–13 μm in length and 6–7 μm in width. Pycnidia, which are asexual reproductive structures, are common and located on the surface of the thallus. They are immersed in the thallus and produce weakly spindle-shaped conidia (asexual spores) about 6 μm long and 0.5 μm wide. [2]
In terms of chemistry, the upper cortex of the lichen reacts to chemical spot tests as follows: it is K–, C–, and UV–, but KC+ (yellow). The medulla reacts negatively to K–, C–, and UV–, but is P+ (orange-red). The main secondary metabolites (lichen products) found in the upper cortex are usnic acid, while the medulla contains protocetraric acid and gyrophoric acid as major and minor components, respectively. [2]
Xanthoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador.
Relicina colombiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in high-elevation páramo of the Eastern Cordillera in Colombia, it was described as new to science in 2011.
Hypotrachyna angustissima is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This species is characterised by the occurrence of usnic acid in its cortex, and salazinic acid in its medulla and laminal isidia. In this it resembles Hypotrachyna microblasta, but the latter has wider laciniae and larger apothecia, and is laterally overlapping. Its epithet angustissima is derived from the Latin angusti, meaning "narrow", due to this species' very narrow laciniae.
Hypotrachyna vainioi is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Brazil.
Punctelia purpurascens is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by lichenologists Marcelo Marcelli and Luciana da Silva Canêz. The type specimen was collected in the municipality of Vicara in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. There it was found growing on a basaltic rock in an open field. The specific epithet purpurascens refers to the unusual K+ purple reaction of the medulla.
Punctelia constantimontium is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Its range includes South America, Africa, and Mexico, where it grows on bark and twigs.
Punctelia subpraesignis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mexico, South America, and East Africa, where it grows on bark and on rocks. Major characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from other Punctelia species include the C+ and KC+ rose spot tests of the medulla, ascospores that are smaller than 20 μm, and unciform (hooklike) conidia.
Punctelia hypoleucites, commonly known as the southwestern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First formally described by Finnish botanist William Nylander as a species of Parmelia, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. The lichen is found in Africa, North America, and South America, where it grows on the bark of both hardwood and coniferous trees. Its greenish-grey thallus is covered with tiny white pseudocyphellae – minute holes in the thallus surface that facilitate gas exchange. Some macroscopic features that help distinguish this species from other related members of the genus include the presence and the structure of the apothecia, the absence of asexual surface propagules, and the light brown color of the thallus undersurface. Chemically, the presence of lecanoric acid in the medulla and atranorin in the cortex help distinguish it from lookalikes.
Punctelia perreticulata is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mediterranean Europe and Russia, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it grows on rocks, bark, or wood. Its main distinguishing features are its thallus surface, marked with many shallow depressions, grooves, or pits, and sorediate pseudocyphellae. The lower side of the thallus is ivory to tan towards the centre and the major secondary metabolite in the medulla is lecanoric acid. A lookalike species with which it has been historically confused is Punctelia subrudecta; this lichen can be distinguished from Punctelia perreticulata by the texture of the thallus surface, or, more reliably, by the length of its conidia.
Pseudoparmelia kalbiana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America.
Remototrachyna sipmaniana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur in Bolivia, where it grows on boulders in Yungas mountain cloud forests.
Parmotrema marcellianum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologists Frank Bungartz and Adriano Spielmann. The type specimen was collected from Cerro Ventanas on Floreana Island at an altitude of 424 m (1,391 ft); there, it was found overgrowing pebbles on sun-, wind-, and rain-exposed ground. The species epithet honours the authors' colleague Marcelo Pinto Marcelli, "in recognition of his work on the lichen family Parmeliaceae".
Parmotrema pustulotinctum is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described s a new species in 2019 by lichenologists Frank Bungartz and Adriano Spielmann. The type specimen was collected from Santiago Island at an altitude of 362 m (1,188 ft), where it was found growing on an exposed vertical boulder. It is only known from the type collection. The species epithet refers to its isidia, that are pustulate and readily distinguishable from those of the closely related P. tinctorum.
Bulbothrix klementii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Originally found in Venezuela, it has since been recorded in Australia and Brazil.
Imshaugia pyxiniformis is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is only known to occur at its type locality in the North Region of Brazil. Characteristics of the lichen include its narrow, incised lobes, lack of vegetative propagules, its pale lower cortex, and presence of the substance lichexanthone.
Hypotrachyna constictovexans is a little-known species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Known only from a single specimen collected in 1976, it is found in the highlands of Peru. Its thallus can grow over 5 cm wide, featuring long, straight, and separate lobes that are highly convex and tube-like, with a pale grey, slightly shiny upper surface adorned with cylindrical isidia.
Lecidea lygommella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It spreads up to 7 cm wide with a thin thallus varying in colour from whitish and pale grey to rusty red-brown, featuring areolate surfaces with irregularly shaped areoles. Its fruiting bodies range from slightly embedded to sitting atop the thallus and black, flat to slightly convex apothecial discs. Unlike its lookalike Lecidea lygomma, L. lygommella does not produce any secondary chemicals. It is found in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, where it grows on rocks in alpine areas.
Hypogymnia amplexa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in the western United States and Canada.
Awasthia is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Physciaceae. It contains the single species Awasthia melanotricha, a foliose lichen found in the Nepal Himalayas.
Physcia magnussonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It was formally described as a new species in 1952 by the Swiss botanist Eduard Frey. He collected the type specimen in Bern, Switzerland. The species epithet honours the Swedish lichenologist Adolf Hugo Magnusson. Frey's original specimen was later declared the lectotype of the species by Roland Moberg in a 1977 monograph on the genus Physcia.