IBM 4300

Last updated

IBM 4381 IBM 4381.jpg
IBM 4381

The IBM 4300 series [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] are mid-range systems compatible with System/370 [2] that were sold from 1979 through 1992. They featured modest electrical and cooling requirements, and thus did not require a data center environment. They had a disruptive effect on the market, allowing customers to provide internal IBM computing services at a cost point lower than commercial time-sharing services. All 4300 processors used a 3278-2A, 3279-C or 3205 display console rather than a 3210 or 3215 keyboard/printer console.

Contents

Models

Each model - 4331, 4341, 4361, and 4381 - had various sub-models, such as the 4341 model 1 (or 4341-1) and 4341 model 2 (4341-2).

IBM 4341 with 3278-2A terminal MNACTEC keyboards (30316690493).jpg
IBM 4341 with 3278-2A terminal

The 4381-13 through 4381-24 (announced in 1987) were entry-level machines for the 370-XA architecture. They were positioned between the IBM 9370 and IBM 3090 in performance at the time of announcement.

The 4381-3, 4381-14, 4381-24 and 4381-92 are dual-CPU models. Other models included 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 90 and 91.

ModelAnnouncedWithdrawnMax. memoryApproximate performance
4331197919818 MB4 × 370/115
43411979198616 MB3.2 × 370/138
43611983198712 MB3 × 4331
43811983199264 MB9 × 4341

IBM 4321

The IBM 4321 was announced on 18 November 1981. [1]

IBM 4331

The IBM 4331 (and the 4341) were announced on 30 January 1979. [2] It came with an integrated adapter that permitted attaching up to 16 of two newly introduced direct-access storage devices (DASD):

The 4331 was withdrawn on 18 November 1981.

IBM 4341

The IBM 4341 (and the 4331) were announced on 30 January 1979. [3] Like the 4331, it came with an integrated adapter that permitted attaching up to 16 of the newly introduced IBM 3370 DASD. The 4341 did not support the much lower capacity IBM 3310. The 4341 Introduced the Extended Control Program Support:VM (ECPS:VM), Extended Control Program Support:VS1 (ECPS:VS1) and Extended Control Program Support:Virtual Storage Extended [6] [7] (ECPS:VSE) features. The 4341-2 introduced the Extended Control Program Support:MVS [8] [9] (ECPS:MVS) option, a subset of System/370 extended facility.

On 20 October 1982, IBM announced a new entry-level 4341 model, Model Group 9 and a new top-of-the-line 4341, Model Group 12. Model Group 12 included the Dual Address Space (DAS) facility.

The 4341 was withdrawn on 11 February 1986.

IBM 4361

The IBM 4361 Model Groups 4 and 5 were announced on 15 September 1983.

Model Group 3 was announced the following year on 12 September 1984.

New features

Among the new/optional features for the 4361 were:

APL keyboard

High-Accuracy Arithmetic Facility

While floating-point arithmetic has long been part of computing history, [nb 1] and was present in System/360, this feature's advancement, conceptualization of which, as Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic, had been under development for decades, [10] was implemented as an optional feature on the 4361. [4] [nb 2] [11]

The 4361 was withdrawn on 17 February 1987.

IBM 4381

The IBM 4381 had a greater longevity than any of the above systems.

Model Groups 1 and 2 were announced Sep 15, 1983 and withdrawn on 11 February 1986.

Model Group 3 was announced on 25 October 1984 and withdrawn on 11 February 1986. Model Groups 11, 12, 13 and 14 were announced on 11 February 1986.

Model Groups 21, 22, 23 and 24 were announced on 19 May 1987 and withdrawn on 19 August 1992.

Operating systems

New releases of:

supported the 4300 series as well as other System/370-compatible processors.

For the 4321 and 4331:

Other

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1955, IBM 650, 1960s, UNIVAC 1100, IBM 7094.
  2. ↑ Described by IBM as "High-Accuracy Arithmetic Facility: Allows computational procedures with algorithmic verification of results." and adds "New floating-point instructions are implemented for computation of basic arithmetic operations and the scalar product with maximum accuracy."
  3. ↑ The announcement noted "based on DOS/VS".
  4. ↑ Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of IBM".

Related Research Articles

IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952. During the 1960s and 1970s, IBM dominated the computer market with the 7000 series and the later System/360, followed by the System/370. Current mainframe computers in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the System/360.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MVS</span> Operating system for IBM mainframes

Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, is the most commonly used operating system on the System/370, System/390 and IBM Z IBM mainframe computers. IBM developed MVS, along with OS/VS1 and SVS, as a successor to OS/360. It is unrelated to IBM's other mainframe operating system lines, e.g., VSE, VM, TPF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM System/370</span> Family of mainframe computers 1970–1990

The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a model range of IBM mainframe computers announced on June 30, 1970, as the successors to the System/360 family. The series mostly maintains backward compatibility with the S/360, allowing an easy migration path for customers; this, plus improved performance, were the dominant themes of the product announcement. In September 1990, the System/370 line was replaced with the System/390.

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VM (operating system)</span> Family of IBM operating systems

VM is a family of IBM virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes System/370, System/390, zSeries, System z and compatible systems, including the Hercules emulator for personal computers.

Disk Operating System/360, also DOS/360, or simply DOS, is the discontinued first member of a sequence of operating systems for IBM System/360, System/370 and later mainframes. It was announced by IBM on the last day of 1964, and it was first delivered in June 1966. In its time, DOS/360 was the most widely used operating system in the world.

z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architecture, implemented by its mainframe computers. IBM introduced its first z/Architecture-based system, the z900, in late 2000. Later z/Architecture systems include the IBM z800, z990, z890, System z9, System z10, zEnterprise 196, zEnterprise 114, zEC12, zBC12, z13, z14, z15 and z16.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OS/VS1</span> IBM operating system

Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, or OS/VS1, is a discontinued IBM mainframe computer operating system designed to be run on IBM System/370 hardware. It was the successor to the Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of Tasks (MFT) option of System/360's operating system OS/360. OS/VS1, in comparison to its predecessor, supported virtual memory. OS/VS1 was generally available during the 1970s and 1980s, and it is no longer supported by IBM.

The history of IBM mainframe operating systems is significant within the history of mainframe operating systems, because of IBM's long-standing position as the world's largest hardware supplier of mainframe computers. IBM mainframes run operating systems supplied by IBM and by third parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OS/360 and successors</span> Operating system for IBM S/360 and later mainframes

OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages for the IBM 7090/7094 and even more so by the PR155 Operating System for the IBM 1410/7010 processors. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device.

Edos is a discontinued operating system based upon IBM's original mainframe DOS. The name stood for extended disk operating system. It was later purchased by the West German computer company Nixdorf, who renamed it to NIDOS.

In IBM mainframe operating systems, Execute Channel Program in Real Storage (EXCPVR) is a macro generating a system call, implemented as a Supervisor Call instruction, for low-level device access, where the programmer is responsible for providing a list of device-specific CCWs, that is, a channel program, to be executed by I/O channels, control units and devices. Additionally, the programmer is expected and required to ensure that the input/output data areas are in real storage and are "fixed", either prior to invoking EXCPVR or via the page fix appendage. EXCPVR can in some situations provide improved performance compared to EXCP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM 9370</span> IBM mainframe-compatible low-end system

The IBM 9370 systems are "baby mainframe" midrange computers, released 1986 at the very low end of, and compatible with System/370. The media of the day, referring to the VAX systems manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), carried IBM's alleged "VAX Killer" phrase, albeit often skeptically.

Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic (KAA), or Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic Approach (KAAA), augments conventional floating-point arithmetic with good error behaviour with new operations to calculate scalar products with a single rounding error.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM System/370 Model 165</span> Type of mainframe computer

The IBM System/370 Model 165 were jointly announced June 30, 1970 as "designed for ... the Seventies." That same day IBM announced the 370/195. They were the first three models of the IBM System/370 line of computers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM System/370 Model 135</span>

The IBM System/370 Model 135 was announced March 8, 1971, the only 370 introduced that year. The 135 was IBM's fifth System 370, and it was withdrawn October 16, 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM 303X</span>

The IBM 303X is a discontinued line of mainframe computers, the first model of which, the IBM 3033 Processor, nicknamed "The Big One", was introduced March 25, 1977.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM System/370 Model 168</span> Discontinued mainframe computer system

The IBM System/370 Model 168 and Model 158 were both announced on August 2, 1972. Prior 370 systems had not "offered virtual storage capability, which was to be a hallmark of the 370 line," and some said that the 168 and 158 were the first "real 370" products. By contrast, "in 1972, the System/370 Advanced Function was released and had new Address Relocation Hardware and now supported four new operating systems ."

Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (DFSMS) is a central component of IBM's flagship operating system z/OS. It includes access methods, utilities and program management functions. Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem is also a collective name for a collection of several products, all but two of which are included in the DFSMS/MVS product.

References

  1. 1 2 "DPD chronology". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  2. 1 2 3 "4331 Processor". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  3. 1 2 "4341 Processor". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  4. 1 2 "4361 Processor". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  5. ↑ "4381 Processor". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  6. ↑ "Section 01: Highlights" (PDF). A Guide to the IBM 4341 Processor (PDF). Systems (First ed.). IBM. April 1979. p.  2. GC20-1877-0. Retrieved 2023-03-30. ECPS:VSE mode provides an alternative method for translating addresses in instructions during instruction execution and, in addition, provides for translating addresses in channel command words during I/O operations. The address translation technique used in ECPS:VSE mode permits only one virtual storage of up to 16 million bytes to be supported.
  7. ↑ IBM 4300 Processors Principles of Operation for ECPS: VSE Mode (PDF). Systems (Second ed.). IBM. September 1980. GA22-7070-1. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  8. ↑ IBM System/370 Assists for MVS (PDF) (Second ed.). IBM. October 1981. GA22-7079-1.
  9. ↑ IBM System/370 Extended Facility and ECPS:MVS (PDF). Systems (Second ed.). IBM. November 1980. GA22-7072-1. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  10. ↑ Lortz, Bruno (1971). Eine Langzahlarithmetik mit optimaler einseitiger Rundung[A large-number arithmetic with optimal one-side rounding] (Ph.D. thesis) (in German). Universität Karlsruhe.
  11. ↑ Kirchner, R.; Kulisch, Ulrich W. (1988). "Accurate arithmetic for vector processors". Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 5 (3): 250–70. doi:10.1016/0743-7315(88)90020-2.
  12. ↑ Tom Henkel (1981-11-30). "Multiple Uses of IBM 4300 Muddy Market". Computerworld . pp. 6, 8.
  13. 1 2 3 "Endicott chronology". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23.
  14. ↑ CW (1985-12-20). "Rechner liefern keine korrekten Ergebnisse - Neue Arithmetik der Karlsruher Forschungsgruppe Kulisch in der 4361 realisiert" [Computers don't deliver exact results - Karlsruhe research team Kulisch implements new computer arithmetic for the IBM 4361]. Computerwoche (in German). Karlsruhe, Germany: IDG Business Media GmbH. Archived from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2016-05-30.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.