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WCAM (W -broad gauge ; CA -Both DC and AC ; M -for both goods and passenger service) is the dual-power AC/DC series locomotive used by Indian Railways. These locomotives could run under both DC traction and AC traction. All the WCAM locos except the WCAM 1 (made by CLW) were made by BHEL. They had 750 V DC traction motors, using resistance banks in DC mode and a variable ratio auto-transformer with rectifier units in AC mode, for power control.
The WCAM class locomotives are in service only in the Mumbai region. The dual-voltage WCAM series locomotives hauled mostly passenger and express trains in to and out of the Mumbai suburban region which was electrified at 1.5 kV DC, as opposed to the rest of India which had and still continues to have 25 kV 50 Hz AC electrification.
The Mumbai suburban region had completely switched over to the 25 kV 50 Hz AC system by 2016 and so the pure AC locomotives started hauling trains in this region, pertaining to the fact that the WCAM locomotives couldn't operate out of Central Railway's boundaries due to exclusivity in their maintenance and lack of training of crew members to operate them. However, after withdrawal of all WCAM-1 locomotives (see below) from service in 2015, WCAM-2, WCAM-3 and WCAG-1 locomotives (see below) were upgraded to work completely under AC traction; as of January 2020, all the WCAM-2 units, and few units of WCAM-3 and WCAG-1 have been converted from DC-AC configuration to 6P-AC configuration. This has relatively improved their performance. Few WCAM-3 units have been employed as bankers on the Karjat-Lonavala section of Central Railways.
There are three types of Locomotives under WCAM class and one type under the WCAG class:
Comparative specifications of different type of WCAM
Class | WCAM–1 | WCAM–2/2P | WCAM 3 | WCAG–1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1975-79 | 1995-96 | 1997+ | 1999–2000 |
Maker | CLW | BHEL | BHEL | BHEL |
Traction Motors | Alstom/CLW TAO 659 A1 (575 kW, 750 V). Axle-hung, nose-suspended | TAO 659 (575 kW, 750 V). Axle-hung, nose-suspended, force-ventilated | Hitachi HS15250A. Axle-hung, nose-suspended, force-ventilated | Hitachi HS15250A. Axle-hung, nose-suspended, force-ventilated. |
Transformer | HEL BOT 34600. 3460kVA | BHEL 5400 kVA | BHEL 5400 kVA. 32 taps | BHEL 5400 kVA. 32 taps |
Power(hp) | 3850 AC (1 hr)2930 DC / 3640 AC cont.) | 3780? DC / 4720 AC cont.4950 starting | 4600 (4700?) DC / 5000 AC | 4600 DC / 5000 AC cont. |
Rectifiers | Silicon rectifiers, 48 cells (321 UFR200) per bridge, 1000 A /1270 V | Two silicon rectifier units D1800N44 (Siemens), 16 cells per bridge. 1000 V / 3600 A | Two silicon rectifier units D1800N44 (Siemens), 16 cells per bridge. 1000 V / 3600 A. | Two silicon rectifier units D1800N44 (Siemens), 16 cells per bridge. 1000 V / 3600 A. |
Speed(kmph) | 80-100 DC / 120 AC | 105 DC / 120 AC | 105 | 100 |
Weight(tonnes) | 113 | 113 | 113 | 128 |
Quantity | 53 | 20 | 53 | 12 |
Serial nos | 21800-852 | 21861-880 | 21881-900 /21931-963 | 21970-981 |
The only shed currently holding WCAM engines is Kalyan Loco Shed of Central Railway. Valsad Loco Shed of Western Railway used to hold WCAM 1 and WCAM 2 locos.
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