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The Indian locomotive class HT (Heavy Tank) were a class of 2-8-2 T broad-gauge tank locomotives that were one of seven standard broad-gauge locomotive designs developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee (BESC) (later the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA)) for the broad-gauge railways of British India.
At the turn of the 20th century, the railways in British India utilised numerous classes of locomotives of differing designs, and there was an urgent need of standardisation: British Indian railways looked to non-British locomotive manufacturers to meet their motive power needs since British locomotive manufacturers could not meet them due to the varying degree of locomotive designs used by British Indian railways, generating complaints from British locomotive manufacturers. [3] This resulted in the establishment of a locomotive subcommittee of the British Engineering Standards Committee (BESC) who developed several standardised designs of locomotives between 1903 [a] and 1910 in three successive reports, with the HT class being a later addition to the third report of the BESC in 1910. [4] [5] This design was similar to locomotives delivered in 1921 to the Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR), which were made using parts shared with other BESC designed locomotives. [6] The HT class had the same cylinder dimensions as the HGS/HGC class (HG (Heavy Goods) class locomotives converted to or installed new with superheating) 2-8-0 locomotives, [7] whereas the boiler was shared with the PT class (Passenger Tank) 2-6-4 T locomotives. [7] [ better source needed ]
During the 1920s, Beyer, Peacock & Co. delivered locomotives of this design for the North Western Railway and the East Indian Railway. [8] Some were in active service as of 1978, allocated to the Dhanbad and Pathardth sheds of Eastern Railways. [1]
A Garratt locomotive is a type of articulated steam locomotive invented by British engineer Herbert William Garratt that is articulated into three parts. Its boiler, firebox, and cab are mounted on a centre frame or "bridge". The two other parts, one at each end, have a pivot to support the central frame; they consist of a steam engine unit – with driving wheels, trailing wheels, valve gear, and cylinders, and above it, fuel and/or water storage.
4-4-0, in the Whyte notation, denotes a steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels.
The first Locomotives of the Great Western Railway (GWR) were specified by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, but Daniel Gooch was soon appointed as the railway's Locomotive Superintendent. He designed several different 7 ft 1⁄4 in broad gauge types for the growing railway, such as the Firefly and later Iron Duke Class. In 1864 Gooch was succeeded by Joseph Armstrong who brought his standard gauge experience to the workshops at Swindon. To replace some of the earlier locomotives, he put broad gauge wheels on his standard gauge locomotives and from this time on all locomotives were given numbers, including the broad gauge ones that had previously carried just names.
Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of Government of India. As of 2023, it maintains over 108,706 km (67,547 mi) of tracks and operates over 13,000 trains daily with a fleet of 14,800 locomotives. The railways primarily operates a fleet of electric and diesel locomotives along with a few compressed natural gas (CNG) locomotives. Steam locomotives are operated on mountain railways and on heritage trains.
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 4-8-2+2-8-4 is a Garratt articulated locomotive consisting of a pair of 4-8-2 engine units back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between them. The 4-8-2 wheel arrangement has four leading wheels on two axles, usually in a leading bogie, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and two trailing wheels on one axle, usually in a trailing truck. Since the 4-8-2 type is generally known as a Mountain, the corresponding Garratt type is usually known as a Double Mountain.
The X class is a metre gauge 0-8-2RT rack and pinion compound locomotive used by the Nilgiri Mountain Railway in the Nilgiri Hills of southern India. They are used on the 28-kilometre-long (17 mi) section between Coonoor and Mettupalayam, where the line reaches a gradient of 8%. The railway uses the Abt system on these steep sections. The locomotives have two high-pressure and two low-pressure cylinders, located outside of their frames. The low-pressure cylinders drive the rack gears, and are positioned above the two main high-pressure cylinders, which drive the main wheels.
The Indian Railways WG class was a type of broad gauge 2-8-2 goods locomotive introduced in the 1950s. 2,450 of the class were built between 1950 and 1970.
The Indian locomotive class XB was a 4-6-2 passenger locomotive with a 17-long-ton axle load. It had a lot of problems. It was built with the help of British Engineering Standards Association (BESA). It was up to date as any locomotive in England. It had American 3-point suspension with compensating levers for indifferent tracks in India. The trailing wheels were mounted on a Cartazzi truck as it was for the rest of British Pacifics at the time. Goodall-type drawgear was fitted between engine and tender to facilitate free movement. They still proved to be successful as they survived till the 1980s. The modifications in India to this class was implemented in LMS Railway in UK. Copper firebox had combustion chamber extension.
The Indian locomotive class SG is a class of Indian steam locomotives used for goods trains. Its class designation, SG, stands for Standard Goods. It was, by number of locomotives built, one of the largest steam locomotive classes built in the United Kingdom. It was one of the BESA locomotives developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee, later called the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA).
The Indian locomotive class YDM-5 is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1964 by General Motors (GM-EMD) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for Metre gauge (Y), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 5th generation (5). They entered service in 1964. A total of 25 YDM-5 locomotives was built between 1963 and 1964.
The Indian locomotive class YDM-3 is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1964 by GM-EMD for Indian Railways. The model name stands for Metre gauge (Y), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1962. A total of 30 YDM-3 locomotives was built between 1961 and 1962.
The Indian locomotive class SP were a class of 4-4-0 passenger broad-gauge locomotives introduced around 1905 that were one of seven standard locomotive designs developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee (BESC) for the broad-gauge railways of British India.
The Class AP was a broad gauge tender steam locomotive introduced around 1907 for passenger trains on the railways in British India. Its class designation, AP, stands for Atlantic Passenger Locomotive, where Atlantic refers to the wheel arrangement of the same name. It was one of the BESA locomotives developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee, later called the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA).
The Class HP was a 4-6-0 broad gauge passenger steam locomotive introduced in 1906 on the railways of British India. It was one of the BESA locomotives developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee, later called the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA).
The Indian locomotive class PT were a class of 2-6-4T broad gauge passenger tank locomotives that were one of seven standard broad-gauge locomotive designs developed by the British Engineering Standards Committee for the broad-gauge railways of British India.
The Class HG is a 2-8-0 goods steam locomotive, which was one of seven standard classes of broad gauge steam locomotives designed by the British Engineering Standards Association (BESA) for use in the British Raj in the mid-1900s.
The Indian locomotive class YG were a class of 2-8-2 metre-gauge goods locomotives introduced by Indian Railways around 1949. It was one of several standardised locomotive designs developed as further additions to the Indian Railway Standard (IRS) design locomotives built for the metre-gauge railways of India.
The Indian locomotive classYP are a class of 4-6-2 passenger locomotives built for Indian Railways' metre gauge network as one of several post-partition standard designs evolved from the pre-war Indian Railway Standard designs.
The Indian locomotive class YL were 2-6-2 locomotives built for Indian Railways' metre-gauge network as one of the standard designs developed post-partition from the Indian Railway Standard (IRS) design locomotives.
The Indian locomotive class YM were 2-6-4T tank locomotives built for Indian Railways' metre-gauge network, as one of the post-partition designs evolved from the Indian Railway Standard locomotives.
[The inability of British locomotive manufacturers to meet demand] resulted in orders being placed on German and American manufacturers and ... protest was made on behalf of the [British locomotive manufacturers] in the British Parliament.
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