Indirana beddomii

Last updated

Indirana beddomii
Indirana beddomii dorsal view.jpg
Dorsal view
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranixalidae
Genus: Indirana
Species:
I. beddomii
Binomial name
Indirana beddomii
(Günther, 1876)
Synonyms

Polypedates beddomiiGünther, 1876

Indirana beddomii, Beddome's leaping frog, Beddome's Indian frog, or simply Beddome's frog, is a species of frog found in the Western Ghats. [2] [3] [1] They are usually detected by their long leaps as they flush from the ground when disturbed. The species is named after the naturalist Richard Henry Beddome.

Contents

Description

Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups are found just behind the level of the choanae. A free, pointed papilla is on the middle of the tongue. The head is moderate, and the snout is obtuse, with an obtuse canthus rostralis and a concave loreal region. The nostril is a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; the interorbital space is as broad as the upper eyelid, or a little narrower; the tympanum is distinct, two-thirds of the diameter of the eye. The front toes are moderate, with the first extending slightly beyond the second; the hind toes are two-thirds webbed, with the web reaching the disks of the third and fifth toes; the tips of the toes are dilated into well-developed disks; the subarticular tubercles are well developed. A single, small, oval inner metatarsal tubercle is present, with no tarsal fold. The tibiotarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout or a little beyond. The skin of the back has short longitudinal glandular folds, with a strong fold from the eye to the shoulder. Their color is brown above, with rather indistinct darker spots; rarely, they are uniform pinkish, sometimes with a light vertebral band; a dark cross-band occurs between the eyes; a black band is found along the canthus rostralis, and a black temporal spot is seen. Its limbs are more or less distinctly cross-barred; the lower parts are uniformly whitish. Males are without vocal sacs. [4] Their length from snout to vent is about 2.5 in.

Distribution and habitat

This species is found in the forests of the Western Ghats. This frog lives on the ground near or in riparian habitats in evergreen and mixed evergreen forests between 752 and 1200 meters above sea level. This frog can live in secondary forest but scientists consider it unlikely that it can survive in heavily disturbed habitats. This frog has not been observed on farms. [2] [1]

Reproduction

This frog lays eggs on wet cliffs in cracks in rocks. This frog's tadpoles live in these cracks rather than directly in the water. [1]

Threats and conservation

The IUCN classifies this frog as endangered because of its small range. That range contains at least one protected park, Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, where approximately 50% of the frogs are estimated to live. [1]

Other threats to this frog include road collisions and habitat loss from conversion of forest to agriculture and the building of dams and linear infrastructure. Landslide prevention that involves shoring up roadsides with concrete can fill in the cracks that the frogs would use to breed. There is small-scale wood collection, but this is only a minor threat. It is possible that noise pollution interferes with the frog's breeding behavior by obscuring the sound of males calling. [1]

Scientists also cite climate change as a potential threat. Because of its high-elevation habitat, the frog could not easily migrate to cooler areas. Climate change might also change the monsoon weather cycle that this frog needs to breed. [1]

Scientists have observed the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on this frog, but they do not know its precise morbidity or mortality. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bicolored frog</span> Species of amphibian

The bicolored frog or Malabar frog is a species of frog endemic to the Western Ghats of India. The tadpoles of the species are black and form dense and compact schools in slow moving streams in forested areas.

<i>Micrixalus fuscus</i> Species of amphibian

Micrixalus fuscus is a species of small frog found in dense forested hill streams in the Western Ghats of India. M. herrei was formerly synonymized within this species.

<i>Indirana semipalmata</i> Species of amphibian

Indirana semipalmata is a species of frog endemic to the Western Ghats region of southern India. They are small frogs, reaching lengths of about 36 mm (1.4 in) from snout to vent. The species breeds during the monsoons, laying their eggs on moist rocks and tree bark. Their tadpoles are terrestrial – hatching, feeding, and undergoing metamorphosis without ever entering any standing bodies of water.

<i>Indirana leithii</i> Species of amphibian

Indirana leithii is a species of frog in the family Ranixalidae. It is endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India. As currently defined, its range is restricted to the states of Maharashtra and southern Gujarat; earlier records elsewhere refer to other species.

<i>Walkerana diplosticta</i> Species of amphibian

Walkerana diplosticta, also known as the spotted leaping frog, Malabar Indian frog, rufous leaf-hopper frog, and Günther's frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranixalidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats south of the Palghat Gap and only known with certainty from the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. Localities with confirmed records include the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.

Walkerana leptodactyla is a species of frog endemic to the southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of southern India. Precise reports are from Anaimalai hills, Palni hills, Meghamalai, Travancore hills and Agasthyamalai.

<i>Walkerana phrynoderma</i> Species of amphibian

Walkerana phrynoderma is a species of frog endemic to the Anaimalai Hills, of the Western Ghats of Kerala and Tamil nadu states in southern India. This species is known from Munnar, Eravikulam National Park, Valparai tea gardens, Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Grass Hills National Park and Palni hills. It is a very rare terrestrial frog species associated with leaf-litter in tropical moist forest. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by subsistence wood collecting. It has the status of one of the "Top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered Amphibians."

<i>Duttaphrynus beddomii</i> Species of amphibian

Duttaphrynus beddomii is a species of toad endemic to the Western Ghats of India. It is found in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states in the southern Western Ghats at elevations of 100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft) asl.

<i>Sphaerotheca dobsonii</i> Species of amphibian

Sphaerotheca dobsonii is a species of frog capable of burrowing. It is found in southern India.

<i>Scotobleps</i> Genus of amphibians

Scotobleps is a monotypic frog genus in the family Arthroleptidae; its sole species is Scotobleps gabonicus, sometimes known as the Gaboon forest frog or Gabon forest frog. It is found in eastern Nigeria, western and southwestern Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, western Gabon, western Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its range could extend into the Cabinda Enclave of Angola.

<i>Nannophrys guentheri</i> Extinct species of amphibian

Nannophrys guentheri is an extinct species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It was endemic to Sri Lanka. The species was first identified in 1882 by George Boulenger and named after the German-born British zoologist Albert Günther. It is not known where in Sri Lanka the specimens were found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombay night frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Bombay night frog, also known as Abdulali's wrinkled frog, Abdulali's night frog or Humayun's wrinkled frog, is a species of frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of Maharashtra state, India. The species is found near torrential hill streams in tropical moist evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, a habitat that is threatened by habitat loss and pollution. Its name honours Humayun Abdulali, an Indian biologist.

<i>Raorchestes chalazodes</i> Species of frog from India

Raorchestes chalazodes is a species of critically endangered frog in the family Rhacophoridae. Raorchestes chalazodes is a nocturnal and arboreal species found in the understorey of tropical moist evergreen forest and is endemic to the Western Ghats of India. The specific name chalazodes is composed of the Greek word χάλαζα (chalaza) meaning "lump" and -odes for the derived adjective, reflecting white granulation of the body. It has been observed between 1200 and 1600 meters above sea level.

<i>Raorchestes griet</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes griet is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats south of the Palghat Gap in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, India. The specific name griet honours Griet Decock, spouse of Franky Bossuyt, the scientist who described the species. The common name Griet bush frog has been coined for it.

<i>Raorchestes travancoricus</i> Species of frog

Raorchestes travancoricus, variously known as the Travancore bushfrog, Travancore bubble-nest frog, or Travancore tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. The species is endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. Its specific name, travancoricus, as well as its three common names, refer to its type locality, Bodinayakkanur in the former Travancore state.

<i>Rhacophorus lateralis</i> Species of amphibian

Rhacophorus lateralis is a rhacophorid tree frog endemic to the Western Ghats in South India. It has several common names: small tree frog, Boulenger's tree frog, small gliding frog, and winged gliding frog. After its original description in 1883 by George Albert Boulenger, the frog was rediscovered in Coorg in 2000 and has since been found in many parts of the Western Ghats around southern Karnataka and northern Kerala. Along with R. malabaricus, it is one of the few anuran amphibians in India that constructs its nest above the ground using leaves.

<i>Raorchestes kakachi</i> Species of amphibian

Raorchestes kakachi is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats of India. The specific name kakachi refers to the type locality from where the species was described.

Amolops akhaorum is a species of true frogs discovered in 2007 in the Nam Ha National Protected Area, north-western Laos. It is still only known from its type locality. The specific name akhaorum refers to the local Akha people who helped with the fieldwork of the team who discovered the species.

<i>Kurixalus berylliniris</i> Species of amphibian

Kurixalus berylliniris is a species of tree frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Taiwan and occurs in the eastern part of the island at moderate elevations. Before its description in 2016, it was confused with Kurixalus eiffingeri. The specific name berylliniris combines the Latin words beryllin and iris, in reference to the green iris of this frog.

Walkerana muduga, also known as the Muduga mountain leaping frog or Muduga leaping frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranixalidae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known from the Elivai Malai range, north of the Palghat Gap in Tamil Nadu. All other known species of Walkerana occur south of the Palghat Gap, and molecular data suggest that Walkerana muduga is deeply divergent from the more southern species. However, there is another, as yet undescribed lineage from north of the Palghat Gap that is known from a single, poorly preserve specimen.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2023). "Beddome's Leaping Frog: Indirana beddomii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023: e.T197660098A166100666. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T197660098A166100666.en . Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  2. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Indirana beddomii (Günther, 1876)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  3. ↑ "Indirana beddomii (Günther, 1876)". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  4. ↑ Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.