International Harvester Travelall | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | International Harvester |
Also called | Travelall |
Production | 1953-1975 |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV |
Layout | |
Body style(s) | 3/4/5-door wagon/SUV |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | International L series |
The International Harvester Travelall is a model line of vehicles that were manufactured by International Harvester; four generations were produced from 1953 to 1975. Derived from the International light truck line, the Travelall was a truck-based station wagon. One of the first competitors to the Chevrolet Suburban, the Travelall was a forerunner of modern people carriers and full-size sport utility vehicles. [1]
As International withdrew from light-truck sales, the Travelall and pickup truck lines were discontinued after the 1975 model year, followed by the Scout in 1980.
Prior to 1953, International Harvester did not produce a station wagon as part of its model range. Though traditionally derived from passenger cars, wood-bodied station wagons using International truck chassis were constructed on a third-party basis (called station wagons). [1] Moving away from woodies, following World War II, K-series panel vans served as the basis for airport people movers, adding windows and rear seats.[ citation needed ]
Following its introduction for the R/S light trucks, the Travelall would follow the development of the International pickup truck model line. In 1958, a third door was added, nine years before the Suburban; the fourth door came in 1961 (12 years before GM). The Travelette was a four-door crew-cab pickup, sharing its bodywork with the Travelall wagon.
First generation (R/S Series) | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | International Harvester |
Model years | 1953-1957 |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV |
Body style | 3-door wagon |
Related | IHC R/S Series |
Powertrain | |
Engine | 220 cu in (3.6 L) Silver Diamond I6 |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | 115.0 in (2,921.0 mm) |
International introduced the R-Series truck range in 1953, replacing the L-Series. Ranging from 1⁄2-ton trucks to heavy commercial trucks, the R-Series introduced the Travelall as a metal-bodied station wagon. Replacing the previous wood-bodied wagons, the Travelall was a windowed panel van with rear seats. In line with sedan-based wagons of the time, access to the rear seats of the R-Series Travelalls was gained by flipping up the passenger-side front seat. Two or three rear seats were offered; panel-truck "barn doors" were standard, with a wagon-style tailgate as an option.
In addition to the International name badge, a Travelall name badge was mounted on the front cowl. A few L-Series trucks were also produced with windows and seats in 1952, but whether the Travelall name was used that year is unknown.
The first-generation Travelall was offered in the R-110 series on the 115 in (2,921 mm) wheelbase. A 220 cubic-inch "Silver Diamond" I6 was rated at 100 hp.
In 1955, the R-Series was replaced by the S-Series, with the Travelall offered as the S-110 or heavier duty S-120. A BD 220 engine was similar to the R-Series. Four-wheel drive became a factory option for 1956. [1]
Second generation (A/B Series) | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | International Harvester |
Production | 1957-1960 |
Model years | 1958-1960 |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV |
Body style | 4-door wagon |
Related | IHC A/B Series |
Powertrain | |
Engine |
|
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | 115.0 in (2,921.0 mm) |
Length | 202.4 in (5,140 mm) (A-series) [2] |
Introduced in 1957 for the 1958 model year, the A-series (for "Anniversary", marking fifty years of International Harvester truck production) offered a 2nd passenger side door for improved access to the rear seats. Models A-100, A-110, and A-120 all came with 113 to 154 hp (84 to 115 kW) six-cylinder engines, with four-wheel drive optional on the A-120. [2] The design changes paralleled those of the A-series pickups.
Although only lightly modified, the B-Line trucks that appeared in 1959 offered upgraded options for the Travelall. Power steering, power brakes, V-8 engines, and other comfort, convenience, and visual appeal features were introduced to make the Travelall more mainstream and less commercial. [1] The Travelall was offered in the B-100/B-110/B-112 ½-ton range only in 4x2 form. The B-120 was a ¾-ton rated model and that was the only Travelall to come in four-wheel drive in this era. A B-122 model featured uprated springs for a higher GVW. The B-Line trucks carried on into the 1961 model year, when another mild facelift transformed them again into the C-Line. [1]
Third generation (C/D Series) | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | International Harvester |
Model years | 1961-1968 |
Designer | Ted Ornas |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV |
Body style | 5-door wagon |
Related | IHC C/D Series |
Powertrain | |
Engine | |
Transmission | Borg-Warner T19 4 Speed (2 wheel drive) |
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | 119.0 in (3,022.6 mm) |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | B series Travelall 1959-1960 |
Successor | D Series Travelall 1969-1975 |
In April 1961 the Travelall underwent the same changes as the pickup range upon which it was based. The new C-series Travelall benefitted from a whole new chassis with all new independent front torsion bar suspension. [3] Aside from the lower body, the most obvious visual difference were that the twin headlights were now mounted side by side, and a new grille of a concave egg-crate design. The wheelbase for the C-100/C-110 Travelall went up to 119 inches, [4] as the front wheels were mounted further forward. This adjustment increased the front clearance angle in spite of the lower body. [5]
This series was available either with a flip-down tailgate or two doors. The fold down gate had a window which wound down electrically. Development continued in a gradual fashion, becoming the D-series in 1965. A steady stream of new grilles and headlight treatments set the model years apart until a more thorough makeover took place in 1969. Until this model change, the Travelall had been considered merely a version of the related pickup truck; after the facelift the Travelall became a separate series.
Fourth generation | |
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Overview | |
Manufacturer | International Harvester |
Model years | 1969–1975 1973–1974 (Wagonmaster) |
Assembly | United States: Springfield, Ohio |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Full-size SUV |
Body style | 5-door wagon 4-door crew-cab pickup (Wagonmaster) |
Related | International Travelette |
Powertrain | |
Engine | |
Transmission |
|
Dimensions | |
Wheelbase | 119 in (3,023 mm) |
Length | 203.9 in (5,179 mm) |
Width | 77.6 in (1,971 mm) |
Height |
|
Curb weight |
|
For 1969 production, International released the fourth-generation Travelall alongside the redesigned D-series pickups. Sized roughly between the Jeep Wagoneer and the Chevrolet/GMC Suburban, the Travelall was marketed as a truck-based station wagon. [7] While still maintaining mechanical commonality with the Light Line pickup trucks, International had largely split the Travelall into a distinct model line, slotting it above the Scout.
At its 1969 introduction, the fourth-generation Travelall was offered in 1000, 1100, and 1200 payload series. As with the third generation, the 1969 Travelall was offered in both two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive configurations (optional on 1100 and 1200 series). [6] In line with the Suburban, the Travelall was also offered with up to three rows of passenger seating. [8] While offered in a single trim level, the Travelall was offered in multiple interior configurations, ranging from relatively spartan to well-equipped versions sharing features in line with full-size station wagons (including exterior woodgrain trim). [9]
For 1971, the Travelall received an update of the front fascia, shared with the Light Line pickups; the model series nomenclature was changed to 1010, 1110, and 1210; for 1972, the grille was revised again. For 1974, the Travelall underwent a second nomenclature change, offering 150 and 200 series. [8] The model line adopted the chassis revisions of the pickup trucks, adopting a coil-sprung independent front suspension (replacing torsion bars). [10]
Through its production, the fourth-generation Travelall was equipped with four different engines (shared between the Scout and the Light Line trucks). An AMC-supplied 232 cubic-inch inline-6 as a standard engine for the 1000 from 1969 to 1971; as an option, International offered 304, 345, and 392 cubic-inch V8s. [6] For 1973 and 1974, in response to a short supply of IHC V8 engines, the Travelall was offered with an optional AMC 401 cubic-inch V8 (named the V-400 by IHC). By 1975, following the adoption of net horsepower ratings, outputs were lowered to 141-172 hp. [10] Engines were paired with either a manual or an automatic transmission. [11]
In late 1971, International introduced a Bendix-developed anti-lock brake system, named Adaptive Braking System. [12] One of the first vehicles offered with any form of anti-lock brakes, the expensive option was rarely selected by owners.
For 1973 and 1974, International marketed a pickup truck variant of the Travelall. Named the Wagonmaster, the design removed the roof and windows of the cargo section, creating a pickup truck bed. [13] [14] In contrast to the Travelette crew-cab, the Wagonmaster bed was integrated into the body; it was 5 feet in length (reduced from the 61⁄2 feet and 8 feet offered with the Travelette). [13]
While many Light Line pickup trucks were developed for work or farm use, the Wagonmaster was developed for a different market of truck users: owners of fifth-wheel RV trailers. [13] [14] As the Wagonmaster shared its wheelbase with the Travelall, the fifth-wheel hitch was located behind the rear axle, providing unfavorable handling characteristics. [13] [14] Coinciding with declining demand for the Travelall, the Wagonmaster was discontinued after 1974 production; it is unknown how many were produced (ranging from 500 to under 2000). [14]
After the Wagonmaster was discontinued, International introduced a pickup-truck version of the Scout II (the Terra) for 1976; developed in a half-cab configuration, the Scout II Terra served as one of the first mid-size pickup trucks. Though not designed for 5th-wheel tow use, the Chevrolet Avalanche of the 2000s revisited the concept of the Wagonmaster, as it adopted the body of the Chevrolet Suburban as a crew-cab pickup truck.
During the 1974 model year, sales of the model line began to collapse following the 1973 oil crisis. For 1973, the Chevrolet/GMC Suburban received a fourth passenger door for the first time, placing the widely-available model line in direct competition with the fuel-thirsty Travelall (achieving 10-12mpg on average [15] ). Though several years older than the Suburban (and far larger in size over the Jeep Wagoneer), the Travelall still retained high owner loyalty and satisfaction. [15]
In May 1975, International Harvester discontinued the entire Light Line model series, which included both pickup trucks (including Travelette crew cabs) and the Travelall wagon (the Wagonmaster was discontinued after 1974). [16] The International consumer model line was pared down exclusively to the Scout II off-road vehicle, which remained in production through the 1980 model year. [16]
Subsequently, International has shifted away from consumer vehicles, instead concentrating production on medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks.
Travelalls were also produced with raised roofs and extended wheelbases for applications such as school buses, ambulances and airport limos. Many of these modifications were performed by the Springfield Equipment Company and were marketed by International.[ citation needed ]
In the films Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men Max Goldman drives a 1974 Travelall. [17]
In the apocalyptic novel Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, Harvey Randall uses a Travelall extensively. [18]
Folk musician Greg Brown sings about a Travelall in his song Laughing River. [19]
The cinematic musical group Calexico titled an instrumental, largely improvisational 2000 album Travelall. [20]
The villain Michael Myers steals a 1956 International Travelall from a woman and her daughter in the 1998 movie Halloween: H20. [21]
C/K is a series of trucks that was manufactured by General Motors from the 1960 to 2002 model years. Marketed by both the Chevrolet and GMC divisions, the C/K series encompassed a wide range of vehicles. While most commonly associated with pickup trucks, the model line also included chassis-cab trucks and medium-duty trucks and served as the basis for GM full-size SUVs. Through its entire production, the model line competed directly against the Ford F-Series and the Dodge D series.
The Ford E-Series is a range of full-size vans manufactured and marketed by the Ford Motor Company. Introduced for model year 1961 as the replacement for the Ford F-Series panel van, the E-Series line is currently in its fourth generation.
The Ford Excursion is a heavy duty, full-sized SUV that was produced by Ford. The longest and heaviest SUV ever to enter mass production, the Excursion was marketed as a direct competitor of the 2500-series Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL. Introduced on September 30, 1999 for the 2000 model year, a single generation was produced through the 2005 model year.
The International Harvester Company was an American manufacturer of agricultural and construction equipment, automobiles, commercial trucks, lawn and garden products, household equipment, and more. It was formed from the 1902 merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and Deering Harvester Company and three smaller manufactures: Milwaukee; Plano; and Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner. In the 1980s all divisions were sold off except for International Trucks, which changed its parent company name to Navistar International. Its brands included McCormick, Deering, and later McCormick-Deering, as well as International. Along with the Farmall and Cub Cadet tractors, International was also known for the Scout and Travelall vehicle nameplates.
The Chevrolet K5 Blazer is a full-size sport-utility vehicle that was built by General Motors. GM's smallest full-size SUV, it is part of the Chevrolet C/K truck family. Introduced to the Chevrolet line for the 1969 model year, the K5 Blazer was replaced for 1995 by the Chevrolet Tahoe. The third generation was simply called "Chevrolet Blazer", without the K5 name. In 1970, GMC introduced its own model of the truck, called the Jimmy, which was discontinued in 1991 and replaced by the Yukon. The "Jimmy" name was chosen to reflect how GM may sound in a similar manner to how Jeep was thought to be a pronunciation of GP in the competing market. Both were short-wheelbase trucks and available with either rear- or four-wheel drive.
The International Harvester Scout is an off-road vehicle produced by International Harvester from 1961 to 1980. A precursor of more sophisticated SUVs to come, it was created as a competitor to the Jeep, and it initially featured a fold-down windshield. The Scout and second-generation Scout II were produced in Fort Wayne, Indiana, as two-door trucks with a removable hard top with options of a full-length roof, half-cab pickup, and/or soft top.
The Isuzu Faster is a pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Isuzu between 1972 and 2002 over three generations. The Faster was succeeded worldwide by Isuzu D-Max, except in North America.
The International R series is a model range of trucks that was manufactured by International Harvester. Introduced in 1953 as the replacement for the International L series, the model line marked the introduction of the IH "tractor" grille emblem on International road vehicles. Sharing a cab with its predecessor, the R-series marked the introduction of four-wheel drive vehicles and the wider use of diesel engines.
The International Metro Van, made by International Harvester, is a step van, also known as walk-in or multi-stop delivery truck. This vehicle type was one of the earlier, mass-produced forward control vehicles, once commonly used for milk or bakery delivery, as well as ambulance services, mobile offices, and radio transmitter vans. Typically, they were 1/2-, 3/4-, or 1-ton panel trucks that allowed the driver to stand or sit while driving the vehicle.
The Chevrolet Van or Chevy Van is a range of vans that was manufactured by General Motors from the 1964 to 1996 model years. Introduced as the successor for the rear-engine Corvair Corvan/Greenbrier, the model line also replaced the panel van configuration of the Chevrolet Suburban. The vehicle was sold both in passenger van and cargo van configurations as well as a cutaway van chassis that served as the basis for a variety of custom applications.
The seventh generation of the Ford F-Series is a range of trucks that was produced by Ford from the 1980 to 1986 model years. The first complete redesign of the F-Series since the 1965 model year, the seventh generation received a completely new chassis and body, distinguished by flatter body panels and a squarer grille. This generation marked several firsts for the model line, including the introduction of the Ford Blue Oval grille emblem, the introduction of a diesel engine to the model line, and a dashboard with a full set of instruments (optional). Conversely, this generation marked the end of the long-running F-100, the Ranger trim, and sealed-beam headlamps. This was also be the final generation of the F-Series produced with the traditional Flareside bed, using separate rear fenders and taillamps, steel sides, and an (optional) wooden floor.
The International Light Line pickups replaced the C-Series as International's Light Line range of pickup trucks in early 1969, for a shortened model year. The name started out as a simple continuation of the previous A-, B-, and C-series trucks. It was largely a rebodied version of its predecessors, with a square-rigged look very similar to the period Scout utility vehicle. The Travelall underwent parallel changes to the Light Line trucks. The light line of trucks was marked by a larger range of transmission and wheelbase options than any of its competitors, and in general the lineup aimed to maximize adaptability. The Light Line was also available as a bare chassis, for special purpose applications. Production ended partly replaced by new Scout Terra in late April 1975, as a hard-pressed International chose to focus on the Scout and on heavier machinery.
The International C series and its succeeding models is a series of pickup trucks that were built by International Harvester from 1961 to 1968. They succeeded the earlier B-series range.
The Travelette is a sub-model of the International Harvester series of light-duty pickup trucks that was produced from 1957 to 1975. The Travelette was the first factory-production, 6 passenger, crew-cab pickup truck, made by any United States manufacturer.
The first generation of the C/K series is a range of trucks that was manufactured by General Motors from the 1960 to 1966 model years. Marketed by both the Chevrolet and GMC divisions, the C/K trucks replaced the Task Force generation of trucks. The first General Motors pickup trucks developed on a dedicated truck platform, the C/K series included pickup trucks, chassis-cab trucks, and medium/heavy commercial trucks.
The second generation of the C/K series is a range of trucks that was manufactured by General Motors. Marketed by both the Chevrolet and GMC divisions from the 1967 to 1972 model years, this generation was given the "Action Line" moniker by General Motors. As with its predecessor, the second generation C/K included full-size pickup trucks, chassis cab trucks, and medium-duty commercial trucks.
The third generation of the C/K series is a range of trucks that was manufactured by General Motors. Marketed under the Chevrolet and GMC brands from the 1973 to the 1991 model years, General Motors gave this generation of the model line the "Rounded Line" moniker. Produced across 18 model years, this series is the third-longest produced model of American pickup trucks.
The fourth generation of the C/K series is a range of trucks that was manufactured by General Motors. Marketed by the Chevrolet and GMC brands from the 1988 to the 2002 model years, this generation is the final version of the C/K model line. The C/K nomenclature itself became exclusive to Chevrolet, with the GMC division applying the GMC Sierra nameplate across its entire full-size pickup truck line. Internally codenamed the GMT400 platform, the fourth generation C/K was not given a word moniker. After its production, the model line would informally become known by the public as the "OBS", in reference to its GMT800 successor.
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