AMC straight-6 engine

Last updated

AMC Straight-6 engine
1973 AMC Matador wagon sx-Cecil'10.jpg
Overview
Manufacturer American Motors Corporation
Production1964–2006
Layout
Configuration Naturally aspirated Straight-6
Displacement
  • 199 cu in (3.3 L)
  • 232 cu in (3.8 L)
  • 242 cu in (4.0 L)
  • 252 cu in (4.1 L)
  • 258 cu in (4.2 L)
  • 282 cu in (4.6 L)
Cylinder bore
  • 3+3⁄4 in (95.3 mm)
  • 3.875 in (98.4 mm)
  • 3.91 in (99.3 mm)
  • 3.917 in (99.5 mm)
Piston stroke
  • 3 in (76.2 mm)
  • 3.414 in (86.7 mm)
  • 3.4375 in (87.31 mm)
  • 3+1⁄2 in (88.9 mm)
  • 3.895 in (98.9 mm)
Cylinder block material Cast-iron
Cylinder head material Cast-iron
Valvetrain OHV 2 valves x cyl.
Compression ratio 7.7:1, 8.0:1, 8.5:1, 9.5:1
Combustion
Fuel system Carburetor
Multi-port fuel injection
Management AMC CEC
Renix or Mopar (manufactured by Siemens)
Fuel type Gasoline
Cooling system Water-cooled
Output
Power output 129–200 hp (96–149 kW; 131–203 PS)
Torque output 216–280 lb⋅ft (293–380 N⋅m)
Dimensions
Dry weight 483 lb (219 kg) (4.0 L engine)

The AMC straight-6 engine is a family of straight-six engines that were produced by American Motors Corporation (AMC), and used in AMC passenger cars and Jeep vehicles from 1964 through 2006. Production continued after Chrysler acquired AMC in 1987.

Contents

AMC's first inline-six engine was a legacy model initially designed by Nash Motors; it was discontinued in 1965. This completely new design was introduced by AMC in 1964. The engine evolved in several displacements and underwent upgrades. This family of six-cylinder engines was also manufactured by Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos and included a version available only in Mexico.

A new 4.0 L engine was introduced by AMC in 1986 and became the final version of AMC inline sixes. It is regarded as one of the best 4x4 and off-road engines. This engine was produced by Chrysler through 2006.

Predecessors

A 1964 Rambler American with a 195.6 OHV engine AMC 196.jpg
A 1964 Rambler American with a 195.6 OHV engine

American Motors' first straight-six engine was the 196 cubic inch (195.6 cu in (3.2 L)) six produced from 1952 through 1965, initially as a flathead (L-head) side-valve, and later an overhead valve (OHV) version. This was originally designed to be an economy engine by Nash Motors, being introduced in the 1941 Nash Ambassador 600 model. [1] [2] Originally displacing 172.6 cu in (2.8 L), it was stroked to 184 cu in (3.0 L) and ultimately to 195.6 cu in (3.2 L) in 1952. This engine was redesigned as an OHV for the 1956 model year, [3] but the flathead version reemerged in 1958 as the economy engine for the "new" Rambler American and remained available through 1965. [3] American Motors introduced a die-cast aluminum block version of the OHV 195.6 cu in (3.2 L) engine in 1961 and produced it through 1964. [4]

232

Engine bay of a 1968 Rambler American 1968 Rambler American wagon-engine-MDshow.jpg
Engine bay of a 1968 Rambler American

American Motors designed a new six-cylinder with a short stroke and seven main bearing crankshaft that was introduced in 1964. This engine design was produced by AMC (and VAM) in various forms, as well as by Chrysler, through 2006. This AMC and Jeep engine's "longevity and reputation as a rugged, reliable powerplant for off-road vehicles" has put it ahead of Chrysler's Slant-6. [5]

Called the "Torque Command" when first introduced, the 232 cu in (3.8 L) inline six was AMC's first modern six-cylinder engine. [6] Road tests by Consumer Reports described the new powerplant as "a very smooth and quiet engine, which should give good performance." [7]

To commemorate the engine's May 1964 launch, a total of 2,520 "Typhoon" versions were made based on the Rambler Classic hardtop body. [8] The two-door hardtops featured the 145 hp (108 kW; 147 PS) 8.5:1 compression ratio engine, Solar Yellow body paint, a Classic Black roof paint, and a distinctive "Typhoon" script in place of the usual "Classic" name. All other AMC options (except engine options) were available. [9]

For the 1965 model year, the new 232 engine replaced the Nash 195.6 cu in (3.2 L) OHV I6 in the Classic and Ambassador models. This was also the first availability of a six in the Ambassador line since 1956.

In 1966, a 199 cu in (3.3 L) version of the 232 replaced the OHV and L-head 195.6 cu in (3.2 L) engines in AMC cars.

Both the 199 and 232 featured a 3+3⁄4 in (95.3 mm) bore, and either a 3 in (76.2 mm) or 3+1⁄2 in (88.9 mm) stroke. The 199 was discontinued in 1970; the 232 was offered alongside the 258 cu in (4.2 L) (made by using a 3.895 in (98.9 mm) stroke crankshaft and slightly taller block) during the 1970s, but was discontinued in 1979. Increasingly stringent emission control regulations continued to decrease the engine's power output, making the smaller version inadequate as increasingly stringent safety regulations also made vehicles heavier.

Standard 232 in a 1966 Rambler Classic 1966 Rambler Classic 770 conv six white FS-m.jpg
Standard 232 in a 1966 Rambler Classic
Engine bay of 1971 AMI Rambler Gremlin 1971 AMI Rambler Gremlin AnnMD engn3.jpg
Engine bay of 1971 AMI Rambler Gremlin
Engine bay of a 1975 AMC Hornet with a 232 1975 AMC Hornet 232 I6 engine.JPG
Engine bay of a 1975 AMC Hornet with a 232

199

The 199 cu in (3.3 L) engine was produced from 1965 through 1970.

Barney Navarro selected the 199 AMC engine to power a race car for the Indianapolis 500. Navarro had previously applied turbocharging to a variety of engines that led to the 199 engine's Indy-related application "based on a Stone-Age-strong Nash 6." [10]

This engine had not been used in an IndyCar. However, Navarro selected it "due both to its strong bottom end and thick cylinder walls." [11] For the first Indy attempt, Navarro designed a fuel-injection system, a unique head, and a single turbo to achieve 550 hp (410 kW; 558 PS) at 6000 rpm. This was with the stock block featuring seven main bearings and large journal sizes, while the second block was drilled for four-bolt caps. [12] Successive engines incorporated double turbochargers to produce 640–700 hp (477–522 kW; 649–710 PS). [13] [14]

Navarro fielded a 1964 Watson car with the AMC 199 engine for three years at the Indianapolis 500. [15] However, the #50 Navarro-Rambler never qualified due to problems with drivers and with the suspension of the cars. [11] [16] The car was also entered at the 1971 IndyCar "Rafaela 300" season opener in Argentina. This was the car's fourth actual race start, and it began at 19 on the starting grid. Dave Strickland drove it for 45 laps. [17] This car was then driven by Les Scott in practice for the 1971 Indy 500 race. [18] The following year, another attempt to qualify was with Leon Sirois as the driver. [18]

An auction was held on 14 July 2005, to clear the remaining contents of the Navarro Engineering shop in Los Angeles. [19] A private collector purchased a complete Navarro 700 hp (522 kW; 710 PS)199 cu in (3.3 L) engine for $15,000. [19]

Applications:
  • Rambler Classic (1965–1966, fleet cars only)
  • Rambler American/AMC Rambler (1965–1969)
  • AMC Hornet (1970)
  • AMC Gremlin (1970)
  • VAM Rambler American (mid 1965–1969) U.S. equivalent — AMC Rambler American and AMC Rambler sedans
  • VAM Camioneta Rambler American (mid 1965–1967) U.S. equivalent — AMC Rambler American wagon

232

The 232 cu in (3.8 L) engine was produced from 1964 until 1979. The 232 was the base six-cylinder engine on many models through 1979, and even towards the end of its usage, it was considered reasonably modern in design. [20]

After its midyear 1964 introduction in the "Typhoon" two-door hardtop as part of the mid-sized Rambler Classic line, the 232 engine was adapted to fit into the smaller 1965 Rambler American by using a special short water pump, an adaptive piece also used in the 1971 through 1975 Jeep CJ-5. [21] Air conditioning was available only with the older 196 engine in the American models because there was not enough space for the compressor with the longer 232. [21]

Through the 1970 model year, the 232 shared a deck height with the 199 cu in (3.3 L) engines. Starting in 1971, AMC raised the deck height to produce the 258, and the 232 adopted the 199's longer connecting rods and shared deck height with the 258. Bore and stroke remained the same.

In 1972, the bell housing bolt pattern changed to match the larger version used on the V8 engines. [21]

Changes for the 1976 model year included fuel economy improvements that reduced emissions and warmup time. [22] This was accomplished by reshaped carburetor air passages that pushed the fuel efficiency of a 232-equipped AMC Gremlin to 30 mpg‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36 mpg‑imp) as tested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, compared to 24 mpg‑US (9.8 L/100 km; 29 mpg‑imp) in 1975. [22]

Applications:
A VAM 252 engine in a Mexican Javelin VAM 252.jpg
A VAM 252 engine in a Mexican Javelin

252

The 252 cu in (4.1 L) engine was produced by AMC's Mexican subsidiary Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) beginning in 1969 and was dropped after 1972, replaced with AMC's 258 for the 1973 model year onward. This was similar to a 232 in stroke with a larger 3.91 in (99.3 mm) bore, for an actual displacement of 252.15 cu in (4.1 L). It was produced in VAM's Lerma, Estado de México engine plant.

Output for 1972 Rambler American Rally model (gross):

Engine dimensions:

Applications:
  • VAM Javelin (1969–1970) U.S. equivalent — AMC Javelin
  • VAM Rambler Classic SST (1969–1971) U.S. equivalent — AMC Rebel hardtop and AMC Matador hardtop
  • VAM Rambler Classic 770 (1970) U.S. equivalent — AMC Rebel sedan
  • VAM Rambler Classic DPL (1971) U.S. equivalent — AMC Matador sedan
  • VAM Rambler American Rally (1972) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet Rallye X

258

258 engine in a 1974 AMC Gremlin 1974 AMC Gremlin X red with white stripes AMO 2015 meet 8of8.jpg
258 engine in a 1974 AMC Gremlin
Engine bay of a 1980 AMC Spirit AMX with 258 and emissions controls 1980 AMC AMX engine bay 258 I6 CZ.jpg
Engine bay of a 1980 AMC Spirit AMX with 258 and emissions controls

The 258 cu in (4.2 L) was produced from 1971 through 1990. It featured an undersquare 3.75 in (95.3 mm) bore and 3.895 in (98.9 mm) stroke; it was otherwise similar to the 199 and 232 (Note: Starting in the mid-1970s the 258's bore and stroke was changed to a 97mm bore over a 3.75" stroke. This allowed one block to be used for both the 232 and 258 and the same crankshaft blank could be milled to the two different strokes).

This engine is considered reliable, inexpensive, and torquey. [24] Later 258 models (starting with the 1980 model year for California AMC Concords and Spirits, 1981 for California Jeeps, California Eagles, and 49-state Concord and Spirits, as well as in 1982 for 49-state Eagles and all other applications) are equipped with AMC Computerized Engine Control (CEC) system. For 1981, as part of a weight reduction program (aluminum intake manifold, plastic rocker arm cover), the crankshaft was changed from a twelve counterweight design to four, saving approximately 20 pounds (9.1 kg).

This engine also found use in farm/industrial applications such as the International Harvester 4000 swather.

Applications:
  • AMC Hornet/Concord/Eagle (1971–1988)
  • AMC Pacer (1975–1980)
  • AMC Matador (1971–1978)
  • AMC Gremlin and Spirit (1971–1983)
  • International Scout and Light Line trucks (1972–1980)
  • Jeep CJ (1972–1986)
  • Jeep Cherokee and Wagoneer (1972–1986)
  • Jeep J-Series (1971–1988)
  • Jeep Wrangler (1987–1990)
  • Jeep Commando (1972–1973)
  • VAM Rambler American (1973–1974) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet sedans
  • VAM Rambler American Rally (1973–1974) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet X sedan instead of a hatchback
  • VAM Camioneta Rambler American (1973–1974) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet Sportabout
  • VAM American (1975–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet sedan base model and AMC Concord sedan base model
  • VAM American Rally (1975) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet X sedan instead of a hatchback
  • VAM Camioneta American (1975–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet Sportabout and Concord base model wagon
  • VAM American ECD (1975–1979) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet DL two and four-door sedans and AMC Concord DL/Limited four-door sedan
  • VAM Gremlin X (1976–1982) U.S. equivalent — AMC Gremlin X and AMC Spirit sedan X model equivalent
  • VAM Gremlin (1977–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Gremlin and AMC Spirit sedan base model

282

VAM 4.6 L engine 1982 VAM Lerma 620 two-door liftback with 4.6 L at 2021 All AMC Day Cecil Dragway 31of32.jpg
VAM 4.6 L engine

The 282 cu in (4.6 L) engine was produced by AMC's Mexican subsidiary Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) beginning in 1971 through 1986. This was similar to a 258 in stroke, cast with a larger 3.917 in (99.5 mm) bore, 0.16 in (4.1 mm) larger than the 258, making 281.7 cu in (4.6 L). [25] All VAM 282s from 1971 through 1978 were still advertised with an output measured using the gross rating system that was last used under AMC in 1971. The 1979 through 1983 engines were measured under the new net rating system. All units were produced in VAM's engine plant located in Lerma, Estado de México.

The 282, which had a larger bore, is considered the ancestor of the  L stroker engine, where it is common for the engine rebuilder to use an AMC 258 crankshaft in a Jeep 4.0 cylinder block – a 4.5 uses the stock AMC 258 connecting rods (with stock or .020 overbore using aftermarket pistons). In contrast, the 4.6, 4.7, and 5.0 strokers use the 258 cranks, but retain the 4.0 connecting rods.

Output for 1971–1973 models (gross):

Output for 1974 models (gross):

Output for 1975–1976 models (gross):

Output for 1977–1978 models (gross):

Output for 1979–1981 Standard models (net):

Output for 1979 American 06/S and 1980–81 Rally GT models (net):

Output for 1982–1983 models (net):

Engine dimensions:

Applications:
  • VAM Javelin (1971–1973) U.S. equivalent — AMC Javelin
  • VAM Classic DPL (1972–1976) U.S. equivalent — AMC Matador Sedan
  • VAM Classic Brougham (1972, 1974–1976) U.S. equivalent — 1972 AMC Matador hardtop and AMC Matador Brougham coupe
  • VAM Classic AMX (1974–1976) U.S. equivalent — AMC Matador X coupe
  • VAM Pacer (1976–1979) U.S. equivalent — AMC Pacer coupe
  • VAM Pacer X (1979) U.S. equivalent — AMC Pacer X coupe
  • VAM American Rally (1976–1977) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet X sedan instead of hatchback
  • VAM American Rally AMX (1978–1979) U.S. equivalent — AMC Concord AMX hatchback
  • VAM American GFS (1977–1982) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet DL two-door sedan plus AMC Concord DL and Limited two-door sedans
  • VAM Camioneta American Automática (1977–1978) U.S. equivalent — AMC Hornet DL wagon and AMC Concord DL wagon, both with automatic transmission
  • VAM Camioneta American DL (1979–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Concord DL and Limited wagons
  • VAM American 06/S (1979) U.S. equivalent AMC Concord two-door sedan, high-performance limited edition
  • VAM American ECD (1980–1982) U.S. equivalent — AMC Concord DL and Limited four-door sedans
  • VAM Rally AMX (1980–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Spirit GT coupe, standard version
  • VAM Rally GT (1980–1981) U.S. equivalent — AMC Spirit GT coupe, high-performance version
  • VAM Rally SST (1981) U.S. equivalent — AMC Spirit Limited coupe
  • VAM Lerma (1981–1982)
  • VAM Jeep Wagoneer (1972–1983) U.S. equivalent — AMC Jeep Wagoneer
  • Renault/VAM Jeep Grand Wagoneer from 1984 through 1986 (U.S. equivalent — Jeep Grand Wagoneer)

4.0

Engine bay of a 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee with 4.0 L 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo - Blackberry with Crimson interior 16.jpg
Engine bay of a 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee with 4.0 L
The 5 millionth Jeep 4.0 engine produced on the "Greenlee Block Line" dated June 15, 2001 Jeep 5 millionth 4.0 engine r.jpg
The 5 millionth Jeep 4.0 engine produced on the "Greenlee Block Line" dated June 15, 2001

The 242 cu in (4.0 L) engine was developed by AMC in just 26 months using many off-the-shelf components while featuring, among others, additional strength, improved combustion chamber, port setup, and cam profile. [26] The total weight of the new engine was 483 pounds (219 kg), only one pound more than the 258 six despite its heavier components and parts. [26] The cast aluminum valve cover featured 15 bolts, the industry's most, to achieve a positive seal. [26]

The new engine, which was introduced in 1986 for the 1987 model year, was a further evolution of AMC's 258 six. [27] [28] It had a 3.875 in (98.4 mm) bore and a 3.414 in (86.7 mm) stroke giving it a displacement of 241.6 cu in (4.0 L). [29] Connecting rod length was 6.125 inches — similar to the discontinued 199 which was phased out in 1970.

The 4.0 L is one of AMC's best-known engines. [30] It was one of four AMC engines kept in production when Chrysler bought AMC in 1987. Chrysler engineers continued to refine the engine to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness. The last in the line of the AMC inline sixes, the 4.0 L is regarded as one of the best Chrysler 4x4 off-road engines. [31] A Motor Trend long-term test of a 1997 Cherokee XJ noted "this long-lived OHV powerplant has a reputation for getting people where they need to go" as well as "much love expressed by owners for the torquey 4.0-liter/190-horsepower inline six." [32] The engine is known for longevity, and can sometimes go more than 300,000 miles (482,803 km) without rebuilding. [33] [34] The vibration dampener (harmonic balancer) usually gives out after 300,000 miles, where it is common for the rubber insulation to deteriorate where a service replacement is warranted. Described "as reliable as a block of wood" by Popular Mechanics and ranked first among "the ten best car engines they stopped making in the past 20 years," the 4.0 L should run 200,000 miles before a rebuild is even expected and it is also able to "suffer running conditions that'd kill most motors." [35]

When introduced, the block-mounted oil filter check valve was eliminated on the 4.0 (along with the 2.5 and 4.2 L engines manufactured after September 1986) when AMC engineers standardized their oil filters. The pre-1987 engines had an oil filter adapter with 3/4 (cylinder block end) and 13/16 threads (which used a GM oil filter common to Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Cadillac V8 engines). In contrast, the 1987 through 2006 engines were initially fitted with a 20 mm (0.79 in) metric thread filter (later revised in 1991 for the common 3/4 threaded Mopar and Ford V8 oil filter; the oil filter adapter was redesigned where the oil filter is positioned 90 degrees offset adjacent to the starter motor — a Ford V8 oil filter can be used in place of the short filter increasing oiling capacity).

The first 4.0 L engines in 1987 had a Renix (Renault/Bendix) engine management system considered quite advanced for their time. [24] A knock sensor allowed the ECU to control spark advance in response to fuel octane and engine load. Unfortunately, few scan tools can interface with the system to pull diagnostics codes. RENIX systems also have no permanent memory for diagnostics codes, thus making diagnosing intermittent problems more difficult. [36]

The 1987 Renix 4.0 L was rated at 173 hp (129 kW; 175 PS) and 220 lb⋅ft (298 N⋅m). In 1988, the 4.0 received higher flowing fuel injectors, raising output to 177 hp (132 kW; 179 PS) and 224 lb⋅ft (304 N⋅m) — more power than some configurations of the Ford 302, Chevrolet 305, and Chrysler 318 V8 engines, and more than any of the Japanese 6-cylinder truck engines, but with comparable or superior fuel economy. [36]

In 1991, a Chrysler multi-port fuel injection system replaced the RENIX system, and the intake ports were raised approximately 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) for a better entry radius. Chrysler also enlarged the throttle body and redesigned the intake and exhaust manifolds for more efficiency, and the fuel injectors were replaced with higher flow units. The camshaft timing was also changed. The net result was an engine that made 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS) and 225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m). Badging on most Jeeps equipped with this engine reads "4.0 Litre HIGH OUTPUT." The new cam profile combined with altered computer programming eliminated the need for an EGR valve and knock sensor, but made the engine more sensitive to alterations, especially where emissions are concerned.[ citation needed ] The OEM fuel injectors used with the Mopar MPI system (manufactured by Siemens) have been known to leak fuel especially with OBD-II where plugged catalytic converters are common which usually throws a P0420 code.

Minor changes were made to the cylinder head for the 1995 model year. In 1996, the engine block was redesigned for greater strength. The new block had more webbing and a stud girdle for added rigidity of the crankshaft main bearings. Engines installed in 1999 Grand Cherokees carried the "PowerTech" name that had been used intermittently in prior years and on other Chrysler truck and SUV engines. The name was subsequently passed on to 4.0s in the other Jeep models that used the engine, the Cherokee and Wrangler. The cylinder head was again changed for the 2000 model year to a more emissions-friendly design.[ citation needed ] This head was designated as "0331" in the casting number. Early 0331 heads are prone to cracking, causing coolant to contaminate the oil, which can lead to catastrophic engine failure. The head cracks in the center between #3 and #4 cylinders. The crack is usually discernible with the valve cover removed as a "milky" tan line. This condition is usually discovered before a catastrophic engine failure, but can lead there if not corrected promptly. The casting was fixed in mid to late 2001, but the same casting number was retained. The "fixed" heads have "TUPY" cast in the center where the cracks used to occur. [37] Also new for the 2000 model year, was the distributor-less, coil on plug ignition system. [38] Option code: ERH.

Output: [39]

  • 1987–1990: 177 hp (132 kW; 179 PS) at 4500 rpm and 224 lb⋅ft (304 N⋅m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1991–1995: 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS) at 4750 rpm and 225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm
  • 1996–2001: 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS) at 4600 rpm and 225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m) at 3000 rpm
  • 2001–2006: 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS) at 4600 rpm and 235 lb⋅ft (319 N⋅m) at 3200 rpm

The 4.0 L engine was discontinued at the end of the 2006 model year, replaced in the redesigned 2007 JK Jeep Wrangler by Chrysler's 3.8 L OHV V6, which originated in the company's minivans.

Applications:

Connecting rod lengths

1964–1970:

1971–2006:

The deck height of the AMC six-cylinder block was increased by 1⁄8 in (3.2 mm) (half the rod length difference) in 1971 to allow for the longer stroke required for the 258. There are only two deck heights. Tall deck is 9.528–9.534 in (242.0–242.2 mm). Short should be 9.278–9.284 in (235.7–235.8 mm). Tall is from 1974 through 1976 AMC factory service manuals; before 1974, deck height was not printed. Deck height changed slightly over the years 1977–1982 service manuals state 9.487–9.493 in (241.0–241.1 mm), the 1993 Jeep factory manual states 9.429–9.435 in (239.5–239.6 mm). Deck heights may have changed to accommodate slightly different compression ratios over the years. [40]

The 1971 and older blocks use a "small" bell housing bolt pattern exclusive to AMC and small Nash sixes. In 1972, the bell housing bolt pattern was changed to match the AMC V8s. Its final use was in 2006 when the 4.0 L was phased out. Four bolts on the cylinder block are matched to the transmission bell housing where an adapter plate serves as a dust cover — two additional bolt holes on the transmission bellhousing used on the AMC V8 are used to secure the dust cover. The 1971 model year 258 uses the "small" pattern, the only version of the 258 to do so.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Gremlin</span> Compact car produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Gremlin is a subcompact automobile introduced in 1970, manufactured and marketed in a single, two-door body style (1970–1978) by American Motors Corporation (AMC), as well as in Mexico (1974–1983) by AMC's Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) subsidiary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Motors Corporation</span> Defunct American automobile company

American Motors Corporation was an American automobile manufacturing company formed by the merger of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company on May 1, 1954. At the time, it was the largest corporate merger in U.S. history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Javelin</span> Compact car produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Javelin is an American front-engine, rear-wheel-drive, two-door hardtop automobile manufactured by American Motors Corporation (AMC) across two generations, 1968 through 1970 and 1971 through 1974 model years. The car was positioned and marketed in the pony car market segment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Ambassador</span> Large-sized cars produced by American Motors Corporation

The Ambassador is an automobile manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from 1957 through 1974 over eight generations, available in two- and four-door sedan, two-door hardtop, four-door station wagon as well as two-door convertible body styles. It was classified as a full-size car from 1957 through 1961, mid-size from 1962 until 1966, and again full-size from 1967 through 1974 model years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willys Hurricane engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Willys F4-134 Hurricane was an inline-4 F-head piston engine that powered the M38A1 military Jeep in 1952, followed by the famous Jeep CJ in the CJ-3B, CJ-5, and CJ-6 models. It was also used in the Willys 473 and 475 pickups, wagons, and sedan deliveries. It replaced the Willys Go Devil engine that was used in the MB Jeep and other early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster. This engine was also built by Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, for other applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeep Gladiator (SJ)</span> Series of Jeep pickup trucks

The Jeep Gladiator, Jeep Pickup or J-series is a series of full-size pickup trucks based on the large Jeep SJ (Wagoneer) platform, which was built and sold under numerous marques from 1962 until 1988. The Jeep Gladiator/Pickup design is noteworthy for remaining in production for more than 26 years on a single automobile platform generation. The Gladiator was the basis of the first post-war U.S. Army trucks designed to be civilian vehicles and adapted to military use. Numerous versions of the Jeep pickup were built in other markets, including Mexico by Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) and Argentina by Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Hornet</span> Compact car produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Hornet is a compact automobile manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) and made from 1970 through 1977—in two- and four-door sedan, station wagon, and hatchback coupe configurations. The Hornet replaced the compact Rambler American line, marking the end of the Rambler marque in the American and Canadian markets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC V8 engine</span> American automobile engine

The AMC V8 may refer to either of two distinct OHV V8 engine designs that were developed and manufactured by American Motors Corporation (AMC). The engines were used in cars and trucks by AMC, Kaiser, and International Harvester as well as in marine and stationary applications. Contrary to long-believed misinformation, from 1956-1987, AMC never installed a V8 engine in their vehicles that was designed, built or supplied by any other manufacturer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeepster Commando</span> Motor vehicle

The Jeepster Commando is an automobile which was first produced by Kaiser Jeep in 1966 to compete with the International Scout, Toyota Land Cruiser and Ford Bronco. Four different models were available: a pickup truck, convertible, roadster and wagon. The Jeepster remained in production after American Motors Corporation (AMC) bought the Jeep line from Kaiser in 1970. After AMC's acquisition, the Jeepster Commando C101 steadily grew in popularity. In 1972, AMC shortened the vehicle's name to Commando C104, extended the wheelbase to 104", and changed the front-end design to accept the AMC I6 and V8 304ci, similar to the Ford Bronco. The new configuration, formerly an AMC best seller, quickly caused the line to drop in popularity and was taken out of production in 1973; it was replaced with the full size Cherokee. The Jeepster is an ancestor of the modern Jeep family produced by Chrysler.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Concord</span> Compact cars produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Concord is a compact car manufactured and marketed by the American Motors Corporation for model years 1978 through 1983. The Concord was essentially a revision of the AMC Hornet that was discontinued after 1977, but better equipped, quieter, and smoother-riding than the series it replaced. It was offered in four-door sedan, two-door coupe, three-door hatchback, and four-door station wagon with a rear liftgate. The Concord was AMC's volume seller from the time it appeared until the introduction of the Renault Alliance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Matador</span> Large-sized car model produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Matador is a series of American automobiles that were manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) across two generations, from 1971 through 1973 (mid-size) and 1974 until 1978 (full-size), in two-door hardtop and coupe versions, as well as in four-door sedan and station wagon body styles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC Rebel</span> Cars developed and produced by American Motors Corporation

The AMC Rebel is a midsized car produced by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from the 1967 until the 1970 model year. It replaced the Rambler Classic. The Rebel was replaced by the similar AMC Matador for the 1971 model year. The Rebel was positioned as the high-volume seller in the independent automaker's line of models.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rambler American</span> Compact car produced by American Motors Corporation

The Rambler American is a compact car that was manufactured by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) between 1958 and 1969. The American was the second incarnation of AMC forerunner Nash Motors' compact Rambler that was introduced in 1950 and marketed after the merger with Hudson Motors under both marques during the 1954 and 1955 model years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rambler Classic</span> Car model produced by American Motors Corporation

The Rambler Classic is an intermediate-sized automobile built and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from the 1961 through 1966 model years. The Classic replaced the Rambler Six and Rambler Rebel V8 names, which were retired at the end of the 1960 model year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rambler Rebel</span> Cars developed and produced by American Motors Corporation

The Rambler Rebel is an automobile that was produced by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) of Kenosha, Wisconsin for the 1957 through 1960 model years, as well as again for 1966 and 1967.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson Hornet</span> Full-sized automobile produced by Hudson and American Motors

The Hudson Hornet is a full-size car manufactured by Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan from 1951 until 1954, when Nash-Kelvinator and Hudson merged to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). Hudson automobiles continued to be marketed under the Hudson brand name through the 1957 model year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson Wasp</span> Full-sized automobile produced by Hudson and American Motors

The Hudson Wasp is an automobile built and marketed by the Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, from the 1952 through the 1956 model years. After Hudson merged with Nash Motors, the Wasp was then built by American Motors Corporation in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and marketed under its Hudson marque for model years 1955 and 1956.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos</span>

Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos, S.A. (VAM) was a Mexican automaker from 1946 to 1986.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMC straight-4 engine</span> 4 cylinder internal combustion engine

The AMC straight-4 engine is a 2.5 L inline-four engine developed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) that was used in a variety of AMC, Jeep, and Dodge vehicles from 1984 through 2002.

References

  1. ↑ McGuire, Bill (16 December 2021). "Trendsetter: The 1941 Nash 600". macsmotorcitygarage.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  2. ↑ Perschbacher, Gerald (11 January 2021). "Merger Mania: Nash and Hudson form AMC". Old Cars Weekly. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  3. 1 2 Jennings, Tom; Swygert, Frank (3 December 2023). "Rambler 195.6 ci overhead valve six — Brief History". ramblerlore.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  4. ↑ "America's First Die-Cast Aluminum Engine (from: (1993 Rambler Reader, Vol. 14 No. 2)". amcrc.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  5. ↑ King, Ron (12 April 2024). "Chrysler Slant-6 Vs. AMC/Jeep Inline-6: Which Is The Better Engine?". slashgear.com. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  6. ↑ Potter, David V.; Leydorf, Jr., George F; Lawler, Robert L. (June 1964), The new Rambler Six Engine — Torque Command 232 (Technical Paper 640276), Society of Automotive Engineers, doi:10.4271/640276
  7. ↑ "The 1965 Autos". Consumer Reports. Vol. 30. April 1965. p. 198.
  8. ↑ "Rambler blows in with Typhoon". Popular Science. Vol. 184, no. 6. June 1964. p. 66. Retrieved 17 April 2024– via Google Books.
  9. ↑ Auto editors of Consumer Guide (15 June 2007). "How Rambler Cars Work: 1963, 1964 Rambler Cars". auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  10. ↑ "Barney Navarro (Originally published in the May 1998 issue of Hot Rod magazine)". Motor Trend. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  11. 1 2 Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "Barney Navarro — Unconventional thinking and hard work put his products in the record books". Hemmings. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  12. ↑ Jenkins, Ton (6 November 2013). "Thinking about hot rodding an AMC 199". inliners.org. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  13. ↑ Jennings, Tom. "Barney Navarro-built Rambler turbo Indy motor". ramblerlore.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  14. ↑ Gilbert, John (1 March 2009). "H&H Flatheads & Navarro Racing Equipment — Classic Life". Motor Trend. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  15. ↑ "Watson 1964 Indy car-by-car histories — 'the Ward car'". oldracingcars.com. 3 May 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  16. ↑ "Barney Navarro". navarroengineering.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  17. ↑ "Rafaela 300 and the 1971 USAC season". autosport.com. January 2005. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  18. 1 2 "Indianapolis 500 — Indianapolis Motor Speedway (Notes on the cars: #29)". oldracingcars.com. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  19. 1 2 Jennings, Tom. "Barney Navarro-built Rambler turbo Indy motor". ramblerlore.com. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  20. ↑ Chilton's Auto Repair Manual 1982. Chilton. 1987. ISBN   978-0-8019-7052-8.
  21. 1 2 3 mhaas (17 January 2006). "1964 — 1965 American". amcyclopedia.org. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  22. 1 2 Dunne, Jim (October 1975). "How American Motors does it". Popular Science. Vol. 207, no. 4. p. 117. Retrieved 17 April 2024– via Google Books.
  23. ↑ Lamm, Michael (November 1976). "Old cars never die ... they show up in foreign lands". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 146, no. 5. p. 160. Retrieved 17 April 2024– via Google Books.
  24. 1 2 "AMC 258 I6". offroaders.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  25. ↑ Anhalt, Thomas. "Mexican AMC 6 Cyl. Engine Info". Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  26. 1 2 3 Warren, Pete (October 1986). "Technical Highlights: American Motors". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 163, no. 10. p. 145. Retrieved 17 April 2024– via Google Books.
  27. ↑ Tellem, Tori (April 2006). "Jeeps Kick Ass Engine — The History Of The 4.0 L (page 1)". JP Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  28. ↑ Tellem, Tori (April 2006). "Jeeps Kick Ass Engine — The History Of The 4.0 L (page 2". JP Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 October 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  29. ↑ "XJ 4.0 L". Service Manual 2000 Jeep Cherokee. DaimlerChrysler. 2000. p. 115. bore x stroke = 3.875 x 3.414 inches
  30. ↑ Allen, Jim (2003). Jeep: Collector's Library. MBI Publishing. p. 178. ISBN   978-0-7603-1486-9.
  31. ↑ Worthy, Willie (January 2009). "Jeep Motors History — Willies Workbench: Jeep Engines De-Mystified". Motor Trend. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  32. ↑ Bartlett, Jeff; Lorentzen, Randy (March 1999). "Road Test: '97 Jeep Cherokee — Long-Term Wrap-Up". Motor Trend. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  33. ↑ "Cherokee longevity". cherokeeforum.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  34. ↑ Sandy B (9 February 2021). "The Jeep 4.0L Engine: A Legend To Many". vehiclehistory.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  35. ↑ Jancer, Matthew (29 November 2018). "The 10 Best Car Engines They Stopped Making in the Last 20 Years". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  36. 1 2 Stern, Peter; Swygert, Frank (16 November 2020). "The Jeep 4.0 liter PowerTech Straight-Six Engine". allpar.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  37. ↑ "'00–'01 XJ Cracked Cylinder Head (OVERVIEW)". cherokeeforum.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  38. ↑ Ludel, Moses. "Pre-EFI Jeep Inline Six-Cylinder Ignition Upgrades (Issue #3, April 2010)" (PDF). 4wdmechanix.com. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  39. ↑ "Used Jeep Models". Edmunds. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  40. ↑ "Group 1A, Six-Cylinder Engines". 1974 ANC Technical Service Manual. American Motors Corporation. 1974. p. 1A-31.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.