Nash Rambler straight-six engine | |
---|---|
![]() The 196ci OHV engine in a 1964 Rambler American | |
Overview | |
Manufacturer | American Motors Corporation |
Production | 1940–1965 |
Layout | |
Configuration | Naturally aspirated Straight-6 |
Displacement |
|
Cylinder bore | 3+1⁄8 in (79.38 mm) |
Piston stroke |
|
Cylinder block material | Cast-iron/Aluminum |
Cylinder head material | Cast-iron |
Valvetrain | |
Combustion | |
Fuel system | Carburetor |
Fuel type | Gasoline |
Cooling system | Water-cooled |
The Nash Rambler engine is a family of straight-six engines that were produced by Nash Motors and then American Motors Corporation (AMC), and used in Nash, Rambler, and AMC passenger cars from 1940 through 1965. It was succeeded by the AMC straight-6 engine in 1964, a completely new design. The engine evolved in several displacements and was built with two different valvetrains. The engine was originally of a flathead layout; an OHV version was introduced in 1956 although the flathead continued to be available. A version of the OHV engine with an aluminum block was introduced in 1961.
Introduced in the autumn of 1940 for the 1941 Nash 600, it was originally designed to be an economy engine by Nash Motors, who initially called it the "Flying Scot" engine. [1] Nash went on to merge with Hudson to form AMC in 1954. [2] [3] [4] The initial design had a 3+1⁄8 inches (79.4 mm) bore and a 3+3⁄4 in (95.3 mm) stroke, for a displacement of 172.6 cu in (2.8 L; 2,828 cc). This bore was to be kept for all the variants of the engine, which were enlarged by increasing the stroke – an unusual practice given that changing forging is more expensive than changing the block casting. [5] The intake and exhaust manifolds were integrated into the cylinder block casting to reduce both weight and cost; Nash drew attention to the increased reliability of the design by marketing it as "Monitor Sealed". [2] To help keep costs down, the 600 engine had four main bearings, unlike the 7-main-bearing 234 flathead engine it replaced. The new, smaller flathead design was initially rated at 75 hp (56 kW) at 3,600 rpm. [1] [2] The engine combined with the new Ambassador's advanced "unitized" construction design provided better than 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp). [6]
When the war ended, Nash updated the 600 for 1946, increasing power to 80 hp (60 kW) at 3,800 rpm. [7] Updates included larger intake valves, reworked manifold and valve passages, and a revised head which provided a somewhat higher compression ratio. A triple-venturi, down-draft carburettor replaced the earlier type, and a number of minor changes to increase durability were also made. [7] The 173 continued to be used for the Nash Rambler until 1952.
Upping the stroke to 4 in (101.6 mm) bore in 1950 increased the displacement to 184.1 cu in (3.0 L; 3,016 cc) for the Nash Statesman. This L-head engine was also installed on the Nash Rambler until the end of the 1955 model year.
The 195.6 cu in (3.2 L; 3,205 cc) model was produced from 1952 through 1965, initially as a flathead (L-head) side-valve, and later in an overhead valve (OHV) version. It became the new American Motors Corporation's first straight-six engine.
This engine was redesigned as an OHV for the 1956 model year, being marketed as the "Typhoon" engine. [5] The flathead version was discontinued between 1956 and 1957, but reemerged in 1958 as the economy engine for the "new" Rambler American and was available through 1965. [5] The new OHV configuration for 1956 continued with the water pump mounted on the left side of the engine (driven by a shaft extending from the back of the generator). [5] This was changed for 1957 with the water pump mounted on the front of the engine above the timing chain. [5] When the flathead model was reintroduced, it received a new water pump. Featuring high-quality parts such as forged crankshafts and connecting rods, these engines earned a reputation for durability. However, the flathead was prone to the typical problem of overheating under sustained heavy loads. The excessive heating was caused by the hot exhaust going through the cylinder block to the exhaust manifold.
American Motors introduced a die-cast aluminum block version of the OHV 195.6 cu in (3.2 L) engine in 1961. It was produced through 1964. [8] This engine used cast-iron cylinder liners and a cast-iron head. The cylinder heads for the two types of block (aluminum and cast iron) have similar designs but are not interchangeable. The cylinder head for the aluminum block is roughly 1/8" wider than that for the cast-iron block and uses a slightly different head bolt pattern. [9]
The 196 OHV requires more periodic maintenance than newer-model engines. The head bolts must be re-torqued (retightening process) regularly. [10] Factory service manuals recommend that head bolt torque be checked every 4,000 mi (6,400 km) and to re-torque them every 8,000 mi (13,000 km). Modern head gaskets can extend this service interval to re-torque the bolts every 12,000 mi (19,000 km), or every other year. The cause of the head bolts loosening over time is believed to be thermal expansion and contraction of the head due to the rather heavy design. The head expands and contracts by as much as 0.02 in (0.51 mm) in height during normal operation; this loosens the bolts over time and eventually will cause the seal between the head and block to fail. [11] This maintenance is also imperative to prevent the engine from overheating (the first sign of a blown head gasket) and warping or cracking the head. The cast-iron liners in the aluminum block version can also shift if the head bolts are not properly torqued and the engine is allowed to overheat. Good replacement heads and aluminum blocks for these engines are now difficult to find. [12]
The Ford small-block is a series of 90° overhead valve small-block V8 automobile engines manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from July 1961 to December 2000.
The Y-block engine is a family of overhead valve V8 automobile engines produced by Ford Motor Company. The engine is well known and named for its deep skirting, which causes the engine block to resemble a Y. It was introduced in 1954 as a more modern replacement for the outdated side-valved Ford Flathead V8 and was used in a variety of Ford vehicles through 1964.
The LA engine is a family of overhead-valve small-block 90° V-configured gasoline engines built by Chrysler Corporation between 1964 and 2003. A replacement of the Chrysler A engine, they were factory-installed in passenger vehicles, trucks and vans, commercial vehicles, marine and industrial applications. Their combustion chambers are wedge-shaped, rather than polyspheric, as in the A engine, or hemispheric in the Chrysler Hemi. LA engines have the same 4.46 in (113 mm) bore spacing as the A engines.
The Slant-Six is the popular name for a Chrysler inline-6 internal combustion engine with an overhead valve reverse-flow cylinder head and cylinder bank inclined at a 30-degree angle from vertical. Introduced in 1959 for the 1960 models, it was known within Chrysler as the G-engine. It was a clean-sheet design that began production in 1959 at 170 cubic inches (2.8 L) and ended in 2000 at 225 cubic inches (3.7 L). It was a direct replacement for the flathead Chrysler straight six that the company started business with in 1925 until the old design was discontinued in the 1960s.
The Chrysler 1.8, 2.0, and 2.4 are inline-4 engines designed originally for the Dodge and Plymouth Neon compact car. These engines were loosely based on their predecessors, the Chrysler 2.2 & 2.5 engine, sharing the same 87.5 mm (3.44 in) bore. The engine was developed by Chrysler with input from the Chrysler-Lamborghini team that developed the Chrysler/Lamborghini Formula 1 V12 engine in the early 1990s.
The Ford Modular engine is Ford Motor Company's overhead camshaft (OHC) V8 and V10 gasoline-powered small block engine family. Introduced in 1990, the engine family received its “modular” designation by Ford for its new approach to the setup of tooling and casting stations in the Windsor and Romeo engine manufacturing plants.
The General Motors LS-based small-block engines are a family of V8 and V6 engines designed and manufactured by American automotive company General Motors. First introduced in 1997, the family is a continuation of the earlier first- and second-generation Chevrolet small-block engine, of which over 100 million have been produced altogether, and is also considered to be one of the most popular V8 engines ever. Spanning three generations, a new, sixth generation is expected to enter production soon. Various small-block V8s were and still are available as crate engines.
The Chevrolet small-block engine is a series of gasoline-powered V8 automobile engines, produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors between 1954 and 2003, using the same basic engine block. Referred to as a "small-block" for its size relative to the physically much larger Chevrolet big-block engines, the small-block family spanned from 262 cu in (4.3 L) to 400 cu in (6.6 L) in displacement. Engineer Ed Cole is credited with leading the design for this engine. The engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan.
The Iron Duke engine is a 151 cu in (2.5 L) straight-4 piston engine built by the Pontiac Motor Division of General Motors from 1977 until 1993. Originally developed as Pontiac's new economy car engine, it was used in a wide variety of vehicles across GM's lineup in the 1980s as well as supplied to American Motors Corporation (AMC). The engine was engineered for fuel efficiency, smooth operation, and long life, not for performance. Total Duke engine production is estimated to be between 3.8 and 4.2 million units.
The Buick V6 is an OHV V6 engine developed by the Buick division of General Motors and first introduced in 1962. The engine was originally 198 cu in (3.2 L) and was marketed as the Fireball engine. GM continued to develop and refine the 3.8 L (230 cu in) V6, eventually and commonly referred to simply as the 3800, through numerous iterations.
The Ford flathead V8 is a V8 engine with a flat cylinder head introduced by the Ford Motor Company in 1932 and built by Ford through 1953. During the engine's first decade of production, when overhead-valve engines were used by only a small minority of makes, it was usually known simply as the Ford V‑8, and the first car model in which it was installed, the Model 18, was often called simply the "Ford V-8" after its new engine. An automotive milestone as the first affordable V8, it ranks as one of the company's most important developments. The engine was intended to be used for big passenger cars and trucks; it was installed in such until 1953, making the engine's 21-year production run for the U.S. consumer market longer than the 19-year run of the Ford Model T engine. It was also built independently by Ford licensees.. The engine was named on Ward's list of the 10 best engines of the 20th century. It was a staple of hot rodders in the 1950s, and it remains famous in the classic car hobbies even today, despite the huge variety of other popular V8s that followed.
The Ford Motor Company produced straight-six engines from 1906 until 1908 and from 1941 until 2016. In 1906, the first Ford straight-six was introduced in the Model K. The next was introduced in the 1941 Ford. Ford continued producing straight-six engines for use in its North American vehicles until 1996, when they were discontinued in favor of more compact V6 designs.
The Pontiac straight-6 engine is a family of inline-six cylinder automobile engines produced by the Pontiac Division of General Motors Corporation in numerous versions beginning in 1926.
The AMC V8 may refer to either of two distinct OHV V8 engine designs that were developed and manufactured by American Motors Corporation (AMC). The engines were used in cars and trucks by AMC, Kaiser, and International Harvester as well as in marine and stationary applications.
The AMC straight-6 engine is a family of straight-six engines that were produced by American Motors Corporation (AMC), and used in AMC passenger cars and Jeep vehicles from 1964 through 2006. Production continued after Chrysler acquired AMC in 1987.
The GM Family I is a straight-four piston engine that was developed by Opel, a former subsidiary of General Motors and now a subsidiary of PSA Group, to replace the Vauxhall OHV, Opel OHV and the smaller capacity Opel CIH engines for use on small to mid-range cars from Opel/Vauxhall. The engine first appeared in the Opel Kadett D in 1979, and shortly afterwards in its Vauxhall badged sister – the Vauxhall Astra Mk.1 in 1980. Despite this, the previous Opel OHV engine continued to be sold in entry level versions of the Opel Kadett/Astra and Corsa throughout the 1980s.
The Jeep Tornado engine was the first post-World War II U.S.-designed mass-produced overhead cam (OHC) automobile engine. The 230.5 cu in (3.78 L) hemi-headed straight-six was introduced in mid-year 1962, and replaced the flathead "6-226" Willys Super Hurricane that was in use since 1954.
The Rambler Classic is an intermediate-sized automobile built and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) from the 1961 through 1966 model years. The Classic replaced the Rambler Six and Rambler Rebel V8 names, which were retired at the end of the 1960 model year.
The Chevrolet 90° V6 family of V6 engines began in 1978 with the Chevrolet 200 cu in (3.3 L) as the base engine for the all new 1978 Chevrolet Malibu. The original engine family was phased out in early 2014, with its final use as the 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 engine used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks and vans. Its phaseout marks the end of an era of Chevrolet small-block engine designs dating back to the 1955 model year. A new Generation V 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 variant entered production in late 2013, based on the LT1 small block V8 and first used in the 2014 Silverado/Sierra 1500 trucks.