Tatra 815

Last updated
T815, T815-2, TERRN°1, Terra
Tatra1021.jpg
Tatra T 815 (2005)
Overview
Manufacturer Tatra
Production1983 – 2023 [1]
Assembly Kopřivnice, Moravia, Czech Republic
Body and chassis
Class Heavy Truck
Body style COE
Cab forward
Powertrain
Engine [2] Diesel naturally aspirated or turbocharged
  • Tatra (Air-cooled)
    • V8 (12.6 L) 1983–present
    • V10 (15.8 L)1983–present
    • V12 (19.0 L) 1983–present
  • Deutz
    • V6 (11.9 L)
    • V8 (15.8 L)
  • Cummins
    • L10 (10.0 L)
    • M11 (10.8 L)
    • ISM (10.8 L)
    • ISL (8.9 L)
    • ISB (5.9 L)
  • CAT
    • C13 (12.5 L)
    • C15 (15.2 L)
    • C18 (18.1 L)
  • Detroit
    • 6067SK60 (11.1 L)
  • MTU
    • V12 (183TD224)(22.5 L)
    • V12 (1163) (440 kW) [3]
Transmission [4]
  • Tatra
    • 10 speed manual (10TS180)
    • 14 speed manual (14TS210L)
    • 14 speed semi-automatic
  • TwinDisc
    • 6-speed automatic (TD-61-1175)
    • 10-speed automatic (TD-101-3600)
  • Allison
    • 5- & 6-speed automatic
Dimensions
Curb weight up to 15,000 kg (33,069 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Tatra 813
Successor Tatra 817 Force (military)
Tatra 158 Phoenix (civilian)
Tatra ON AIR T3D-928 EURO 5 SCR
Overview
Manufacturer Tatra
Layout
Configuration V8
Displacement 12,667 cc
Cylinder bore 120 mm (4.7 in)
Piston stroke 140 mm (5.5 in)
Combustion
Turbocharger 1
Fuel type Diesel fuel
Cooling system Air-cooled
Output
Power output
  • 280 kW (375 hp) @ 1700–1750 rpm
  • 325 kW (436 hp) @ 1700–1750 rpm
Torque output
  • 1,800 N⋅m (1,300 ft⋅lbf) @ 1000–1200 rpm
  • 2,100 N⋅m (1,500 ft⋅lbf) @ 1000–1200 rpm
Dimensions
Dry weight ~ 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)

The Tatra 815 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional Tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. There are both air-cooled and liquid-cooled engines available with power ranging from 230–440 kilowatts (310–590 hp). As a successor to Tatra 813 it was originally designed for extreme off-road conditions, while nowadays there are also variants designated for mixed (both off- and on-road) use. The gross weight is up to 35,500 kg (78,264 lb).

Contents

The 815 and its descendant models took the Czech truck racer Karel Loprais to victory six times in the Dakar Rally.

T815 TERRNdeg1 2010 facelift Tatra T815 TERRno2.JPG
T815 TERRN°1 2010 facelift

History

Designed to eventually replace the Tatra 148, the prototype Tatra 157 was introduced in 1970 and several more prototypes were designed between 1970 and 1974 period but no production resulted. Due to protests from another Czechoslovak manufacturer LIAZ which was assigned by the government central planning committee to manufacture trucks of similar class, Tatra dropped the 157 and instead started to concentrate on a heavier class as the replacement for the 813 and 148 which was introduced in 1983 as the 815 series. In 1989 Tatra modernized the 815 and introduced new 815-2 which received further upgrade in 1994 and just 3 years later in 1997 the new cabin TerrN°1 is introduced. Another facelift followed in 2000 where changes included among others new instrument panel and cab attachment and for the first time there is an option for fitment of liquid-cooled engines. The latest facelift of cabin came in July 2010. Due to emission requirements changes in 2003 Tatra developed all new V8 engine T3C to comply with Euro III where it followed the tradition once again with its air cooling design. The further developed T3D engine was introduced in 2006 with its SCR and Euro IV compliance. [5]

Design

While most other manufacturers derive their trucks from road applications, the 815 was purposely designed for extreme off-road conditions, and its road versions are derived from the off-road original concept. The principle consists in a central load-carrying tube with independently suspended swinging half-axles bolted as one whole. This gives Tatra vehicles outstanding driving qualities in the most difficult terrains. The concept allows higher off-road speed compared to classical rigid axle design.

Central load-carrying tube

The primary structural feature of Tatra trucks is the central load carrying tube, also called a backbone frame. All other parts of the truck are mounted to this rigid assembly. The inherently high torsional and flexural rigidity of this layout protects superstructures from the motions and forces on the axles. Torque distribution to the axles is also carried within the backbone. [6]

Differential

Tatra differentials [7] are a unique design that uses two opposing spiral bevel gears instead of the usual single set. The differential gears are part of the input drive shaft rather than between the output axles as in a conventional differential. All versions of the Tatra differential have locking pins that can force the differential gears to rotate together, "locking" the differential. This arrangement had two distinct advantages. The first is that the dual output bevel gears allow the axles to swing around the drive axle without the need for universal couplings. The second is that the input drive shaft goes essentially straight through the differential housing, allowing simple coupling to a second set of swing axles. This modular design enables configurations of 2, 3, 4, 5, or even 6 axles with all axles driven. The whole assembly is part of the backbone frame.

Suspension

Front

  • Mechanical suspension [8] of load capacity up to 8 tons per axle by torsion bars – for versions with one steered front axle (4x4 and 6x6) or by leaf springs – for versions with two steered axles (6x6, 8x8, 10x10 or 12x12).
  • Air-bellows, with a load capacity of 9 tons per axle and a possibility of a ground clearance regulation.

Rear

  • Mechanical – by leaf springs, with a load capacity of up to 11.5 tons per axle [9]
  • Air-bellows with a load capacity of 10 tons per axle and a possibility of a ground clearance regulation
  • Tatra King Frame suspension system - combination of an air-bellow with a coil spring placed inside, with a load capacity of up to 11.5 tons per axle or combination of air-bellows with leaf springs, with a load capacity of 13, 15 and 16.5 tons per axle.

All suspension types are equipped with telescopic shock absorbers; some versions also have stabilizer torsion bars.

Engine

The Tatra engine [2] is an air-cooled, OHV, currently 12.7 litre 90° V8 120 x 140 mm diesel engine with direct fuel injection. It is turbocharged by one Holset WasteGate turbocharger, and equipped with an intercooler placed directly over the engine. The engine is equipped with a mechanically controlled in-line Bosch injection pump. Its roller crankshaft bolted together from individual segments belongs among unique technical solutions. The engine is available in emission specifications Euro II - Euro III with power output ranging from 230 to 325 kilowatts (308 to 436 hp) and 1,400–2,100 N⋅m (1,000–1,500 lbf⋅ft) torque. At its launch, the T815 could alternatively be delivered with a larger powertrain. Available options, all of which were from Tatra's own range of engines, included the air-cooled V10 (15.8 litre) and V12 (19 litre), both without turbo and intercooler, and a V12 bi-turbo. When the Euro I emission limits came into effect, the larger engine alternatives became unavailable.

The 815 can also be fitted with water-cooled engines made by other manufacturers - notably Cummins and Deutz with power ranging from 260 to 440 kilowatts (350 to 590 hp) with 1,550–2,750 N⋅m (1,140–2,030 lbf⋅ft) torque.

The most powerful MTU engine that was used in a 815 prototype tank prime mover, had an output of 610 kilowatts (820 hp) displacing 21,930 cc.

Transmission

Tatra T815 8x8 crane with low cab Autojerab-AD30-8X8.JPG
Tatra T815 8x8 crane with low cab

Cab

Tatra T815 TERRNdeg1 4x4 fire engine Brno, Autotec 2008, hasicska Tatra.jpg
Tatra T815 TERRN°1 4x4 fire engine

Tatra T815 is equipped with own Tatra-produced COE cab. [10] There is basic version, extended version with room behind seats used for a berth and especially for fire-fighting applications a long four-door cab enabling transportation of up to six persons.

There is also special low cab version used mostly for cranes and other special applications. The cab is situated in front of the front axle.

Equipment

Variants

Tatra T815 TP 6x6 military version Tatra-815 6x6 shot 2010.JPG
Tatra T815 TP 6x6 military version
Tatra T815 NVA military troop and cargo carrier Tatra 815 8x8 NVA.jpg
Tatra T815 NVA military troop and cargo carrier
Tatra T815-7 Force Tatra-T815 780R59 PICT0028.jpg
Tatra T815-7 Force

T815 users

Civilian

Europe

All versions for all applications are sold in countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Germany and France. In Central Europe the trucks are used mostly by construction companies, logging companies and mining companies. They are notably popular as fire-fighting engines. In far eastern Russia the Tatra Trucks are used by oil and gas companies in the most difficult terrains, where the air-cooled engine has advantages over water-cooled ones during harsh winter time.

America

The Tatra 815 is exported to the United States and Brazil. It used to be marketed under mark "American Truck Company" in the United States, where T815 and T815-6 Force is used as heavy fire-fighting engine.

Australia

In Australia the 815 is used notably by mining companies (i.e. as heavy drill 10x10 carrier) [11]

India

There is assembly line of Tatra vehicles in India.

The 815 is available also in some African and Asian countries

Military

Sri Lanka Army MT-55A Armored Vehicle-launched Bridge pulled by Tatra T815 Truck Sri Lanka Military 0224.jpg
Sri Lanka Army MT-55A Armored Vehicle-launched Bridge pulled by Tatra T815 Truck

All Variety Types of Tatra Trucks and Chassis like T815 & T810 vehicles are widely used by military in the following countries Czech Republic, Greece, Romania, Slovakia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Qatar, UAE, India, Indonesia, Italy, France, Malaysia and United States with many other countries.

TATRAPAN of Slovak Army Slovakia army 868.jpg
TATRAPAN of Slovak Army

Derivatives

Specifications

Tatra vehicle coding

The full name of a given vehicle explains most essential information about it. [12] Take as example T 815 - 231S25 28 325 6 x 6 . 2 R / 34 1:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steyr-Puch Haflinger</span> Austrian light utility vehicle

The Haflinger is a small, lightweight, four wheel drive, high mobility cab over vehicle about 3.5 m long and 1.5 m wide, powered by a 643 cc flat twin horizontally opposed, rear mounted, air-cooled engine. Weighing around 600 kg (1322.8 lb), the Haflinger can be lifted by four strong people and yet can carry a load of 500 kg (1102.3 lb). This truck falls into the category of the light utility vehicle. It was produced between 1959 and 1974 by the Austrian manufacturer Steyr-Daimler-Puch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra (company)</span> Czech vehicle manufacturer based in Kopřivnice

Tatra is a Czech vehicle manufacturer from Kopřivnice. It is owned by the TATRA TRUCKS a.s. company, and it is the third oldest company in the world producing motor vehicles with an unbroken history. The company was founded in 1850 as Ignatz Schustala & Cie. In 1890 the company became a joint-stock company and was renamed the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft. In 1897, the Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft produced the Präsident, which was the first factory-produced automobile with a petrol engine to be made in Central and Eastern Europe. In 1918, the company was renamed Kopřivnická vozovka a.s., and in 1919 it changed from the Nesselsdorfer marque to the Tatra badge, named after the nearby Tatra Mountains on the Czechoslovak-Polish border.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portal axle</span> Off-road vehicle suspension and drive technology

A portal axle is an off-road vehicle suspension and drive technology where the axle tube or the half-shaft is offset from – usually above – the center of the wheel hub and where driving power is transferred to each wheel via a simple gearbox, built onto each hub. It gives two advantages: ground clearance is increased, particularly beneath the low-slung differential housing of the main axles — and secondly, any hub reduction gearing allows the axle half shafts to drive the same power but at reduced torque. This reduces load on the axle crown wheel and differential.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Six-wheel drive</span> Type of drivetrain with all six wheels driven

Six-wheel drive is an all-wheel drive drivetrain configuration of three axles with at least two wheels on each axle capable of being driven simultaneously by the vehicle's engine. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to heavy-duty off-road and military vehicles, such as all-terrain vehicles, armored vehicles, and prime movers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BEML</span> Indian heavy equipment manufacturer

BEML Limited, formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited, is an Indian public sector undertaking which manufactures a variety of heavy equipment, such as that used for earth moving, railways, transport and mining. It is headquartered in Bangalore. BEML is Asia's second-largest manufacturer of earth moving equipment. Its stock trades on the National Stock Exchange of India under the symbol "BEML", and on the Bombay Stock Exchange under the code "500048".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Backbone chassis</span> Automotive chassis based on a central structural tube

Backbone tube chassis is a type of automobile construction chassis that is similar to the body-on-frame design. Instead of a two-dimensional ladder-type structure, it consists of a strong tubular backbone that connects the front and rear suspension attachment areas. A body is then placed on this structure. It was first used in the English Rover 8hp of 1904 and then the French Simplicia automobile in 1909.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 813</span> Motor vehicle

The TatraT813 was a truck produced in Czechoslovakia by the Tatra company. It was produced from 1967 to 1982. The basic representative of this series was a military version of the 8×8 Kolos (Colossus), which was able to pull trailers up to a total weight of 100 tons. Tatra also produced a civilian version in either 6×6 or 4×4. After fifteen years of production, 11,751 vehicles were built in all modifications. Many units were exported to the USSR, East Germany, Romania and India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 148</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra 148 was a truck produced in Czechoslovakia by the Tatra company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 111</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra 111 was a truck produced in Czechoslovakia by the Tatra company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XC2200</span>

The NORTHBENZ Tiema XC2200 is a 7.5 ton 6x6 heavy military vehicle. It is based on the Mercedes-Benz NG manufactured by North-Benz Truck Corporation, Chongqing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 138</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra 138 was a truck produced in Czechoslovakia by the Tatra company. The immediate successor to the Tatra 111, the model introduced a number of new features while continuing the evolution of Tatra concept. The truck was produced from 1959 to 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FAP 2026</span> Serbian off-road lorry

FAP 2026 is a general purpose off-road lorry made by Serbian vehicle manufacturer Fabrika automobila Priboj (FAP). The six-wheel drive lorry is designed for transport of personnel, weapons and material up to 6 tons of total weight, as for traction of weapons and trailer up to 7.2 tons of weight for the needs of the Yugoslav People's Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GMC CCKW 2½-ton 6×6 truck</span> US WWII "deuce and a half" cargo truck

The GMC CCKW, also known as "Jimmy", or the G-508 by its Ordnance Supply Catalog nr, was a highly successful series of off-road capable, 212-ton, 6×6 trucks, built in large numbers to a standardized design for the U.S. Army, that saw heavy service, predominantly as cargo trucks, in both World War II and the Korean War. The original "Deuce and a Half", it formed the backbone of the famed Red Ball Express that kept Allied armies supplied as they pushed eastward after the Normandy invasion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 810</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra T 810 (Tactic) is a medium truck made by Czech company Tatra; it replaced the popular Praga V3S which was introduced in the 1950s and served in the Army of the Czech Republic until 2008. Unlike other Tatra trucks, it does not use classic Tatra air-cooled engine and the traditional Tatra conception of backbone chassis and swinging half-axles, but the customary truck architecture with conventional frame. It is mainly intended for difficult terrain conditions. The civilian version T 810-C was introduced in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 163</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra T 163 Jamal is a heavy truck made by the Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional Tatra concept of a rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available primarily in 6x6 and alternatively also 4x4 variants. It is marketed either as a road-legal heavy truck or as a working machine. The T163 is a continuation of the tradition started with the Tatra T 111, which played a crucial role in the effort to rebuild Central and Eastern Europe after the Second World War as well as in conquering the Russian Far East.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 816</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra T816 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. The truck was developed from the model T815 to comply with the most demanding off-road conditions. Originally the T816 range was developed for the purposes of military, however today also civilian applications are available (notably as heavy off-road firefighting trucks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 92</span> Motor vehicle

The Tatra 92 was an army off-road truck model made by Czech manufacturer Tatra between 1937 and 1941. It was mainly used for transporting military cargo and personnel in Czech and later German armies, but also ambulance and field kitchen lorry versions were made. The significant part of the production batch was exported to Kingdom of Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tatra 815-7</span> Czech heavy military truck

The Tatra 815-7 is a heavy army logistics vehicle made by the Czech company Tatra produced since 2007. T817 is primarily intended for military operators and for specialist roles in civilian sector. The truck is made primarily with axle variations of 4×4, 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10. Other chassis variants up to 16x16 are also available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SAMIL 20</span> 2-ton 4x4 truck

The SAMIL 20 is a 2-ton cargo vehicle produced in South Africa in the mid-1980s and was used as the primary light cargo carrier of the South African National Defence Force. The vehicle design is based on the German Mercedes Unimog chassis and Mark I of this vehicle was based on the Magirus Deutz 130M7FAL 4x4 truck. In Mark II, the engine was replaced with an upgraded South African built water cooled diesel engine. The vehicle is still in use with the SANDF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SAMIL 50</span> 6-ton 4x4 truck

The SAMIL 50 is a 4x4 6-ton (load) truck.

References

  1. "Tatra představila hasičský supervůz, má sníženou kabinu a počítá i s vodíkem". 24 May 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Tatra engines". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  3. "Tatra a šest tisíc koní. Auta z Kopřivnice mají prorazit v těžbě plynu". 29 May 2014.
  4. 1 2 "Tatra transmissions". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  5. "Tatra T815" (in Czech). Archived from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  6. "Central load carrying tube". Archived from the original on December 27, 2009. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  7. "Tatra axles". Archived from the original on May 30, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  8. "Tatra front suspension". Archived from the original on June 8, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  9. "Tatra rear suspension". Archived from the original on June 9, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  10. "Tatra cab". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  11. "Off-road trucks Australia". Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  12. "Tatra vehicle coding" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-13.