The Tatra 138 was a truck produced in Czechoslovakia by the Tatra company. The immediate successor to the Tatra 111, the model introduced a number of new features while continuing the evolution of Tatra concept. The truck was produced from 1959 to 1971.
The decision to replace the Tatra 111 was made in 1952 as part of a central state planning economy, where TatraKopřivnice was to produce 7-10 ton utility trucks. In 1956 at II. CzechoslovakMachineryExpo in Brno, Tatra exhibited 2 new models, the T137 and T138. Both vehicles had up to 70% of parts in common across the range. New design features were introduced, such as improvement in driver environment and usability e.g. hydraulicpower steering, a compressed air assisted clutch and electro-pneumatic auxiliary gearboxgear selection.
Design and technology
The design was of central backbone tube construction with modular power train concept in 4×4, 4×2, 6×6, 6×4 and 6×2 configuration. Version 4×2, 6×4, and 6×2 were produced in very low quantity. The main advantages of central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength protecting truck body against load stresses. The secondary advantage is that it houses all important parts of the drive train. In addition, it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4, 6, wheel drive and various length and wheelbase combinations.
Engine
The engine was located ahead of the front axle. It featured an air-cooledV8 75° with dry sump design and a new featured thermostat controlled cooling fan by engine oil temperature via hydraulicclutchdrive to reduce noise and fuel consumption. The engine was also used in the OT-64APC.
Chassis
Central backbone tube, front and rear axles with independent swing half axles. The front suspension by torque arms (torsion bars) and hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear suspension by longitudinal half elliptic leaf springs. Front axle drive selectable on demand, differential locks electro-pneumatically controlled via dash switches.
Front track = 1,930mm (76.0in)
Rear track = 1,752mm (69.0in)
Wheelbase = model specific
Tatra T138 6×6 PP2, P3, PP6 = 4,260mm (167.7in)+1,320mm (52.0in)
All steel cab construction with various body builder equipment such as tippers, flatbeds, concrete mixers, tankers, cranes, excavators and firefighting. The vehicle had a top speed of 72km/h, capable of water crossing depth800mm (31in), with maximum payload of 12,000kg (26,500lb) and could tow trailers up to 15,000kg (33,100lb)GCM.
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