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Irina Artemieva | |
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Born | 4 August 1961 Moscow, Russia |
Citizenship | Denmark |
Known for | Lithosphere structure and evolution, Precambrian cratons |
Awards | Augustus Love Medal of the European Geosciences Union (2021) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Solid Earth Geophysics, Geodynamics |
Institutions | Stanford University, University of Copenhagen, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Strasbourg, University of Uppsala, USSR Academy of Sciences |
Website | www.lithosphere.info |
Irina M. Artemieva is Professor of Geophysics at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel (Germany), Distinguished Professor at the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), and Distinguished Professor at SinoProbe at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (Beijing).
She was the President of the European Geosciences Union [1] (2023-2024), after having served as the Vice-President (2022-2023).
Artemieva graduated from the Physics Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University in 1984, having earned BSc and MSc degrees in physics. As a student, she represented the university team in cross-country skiing and sport orienteering, and worked as an official English interpreter at the Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), the International Geological Congress (Moscow, 1984), and at numerous international scientific conferences in Moscow. She received a PhD degree in physics and mathematics with a minor in geophysics in 1987 from the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where she later worked as junior, senior and leading scientist. During the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union followed by financial instability in Russian academic institutions, Artemieva had research contracts with the Schlumberger, Anglo-American, and De Beers companies.
In 2007, she defended her habilitation thesis in the University of Copenhagen (official referees Professors R. Frei, Sierd Cloetingh, K. Furlong) and was the second person in her institute to receive a doctor scientiarum degree (analogue to habilitation degree in Germany) in geosciences.
Artemieva's research concentrates on the lithospheric structure of the Archean cratons and Precambrian geodynamics, from the Archean Earth to modern collisional tectonics, back-arc basins and oceanic lithosphere. [2] [3] [4] [5] She has worked on the global and regional structure of the Earth's crust and the lithosphere, lithosphere thickness, thermal and compositional heterogeneity of lithosphere mantle, lithosphere formation and secular evolution, and lithospheric control on kimberlite magmatism and melting of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Her first-authored paper on the thermal state of the continents from 2001 [6] is one of the highest cited publications on the lithosphere, and her publication record includes papers on key questions in geodynamics and plate tectonics. Artemieva was the first to develop a global digital database of the continental lithosphere thermal thickness and ages, [6] [7] and to apply methods to evaluate heterogeneity in the thermal state, [8] chemical composition and thickness of the lithosphere. [4] She was included in the 2020-2022 Stanford lists of the "World 2% most influential scientists". [17]
Artemieva is the author of the research monograph The lithosphere: An interdisciplinary approach, [18] which presents a synthesis of the current state-of-knowledge in lithosphere studies. Artemieva has supervised and mentored numerous MSc and PhD students and postdoctoral fellows.
As principal investigator of research projects in geophysics, Artemieva has raised between 2005 and 2018 in open peer-review calls more than 3 million euro (>20 mln dkk) from the Danish Research Council (DFF and FNU), [19] Carlsbergfondet [20] (Denmark), the University of Copenhagen (the Freja and the PhD grants), and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (the Lehmann Grant). [21] Since 1997 she has served as consultant to several diamond exploration companies, and has raised since 2019 significant funding from the Chinese academic agencies.
Artemieva was elected member of Academia Europaea [22] in 2007 and was elected member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters [23] in 2014. When she was elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America in 2012, she was the first person in a Danish university to receive the honour. [24] In 2021, Artemieva was awarded the Augustus Love Medal of the European Geosciences Union [4] "for her outstanding research contributions to our understanding of the complex processes that control the evolution, thermal structure, stability, and dynamic topography of the continental lithosphere". By nomination by the Danish Research Council, she was included in the AcademiaNet - Expert Database for Outstanding Women in Academia. [25]
In 1999-2001, after moving out of Russia, Artemieva was employed as Associate Professor in the Uppsala University, Sweden, followed by her work in EOST of the Strasbourg University, France in 2002. In 2003-2004 she worked as Senior Researcher at United States Geological Survey in Menlo Park, CA, where she was earlier an annual 3–4 months long visitor since 1995. In 2005 Artemieva got position of Associate Professor in the University of Copenhagen, funded by her personal research grants of 2005-2006 and 2007-2009 of Carlsbergfondet, [20] Denmark.
In 2010 Artemieva was one of six winners of the open-call Freja Grant of the University of Copenhagen in Natural Sciences, which gave her a permanent academic position. In 2013 she won the position of Professor of Geophysics in the open call of the University of Copenhagen. She successfully led funding bids in 2011-2013 and 2014-2018 open-calls for "Large research grants" from the Danish national funding agencies [19] (FNU and DFF). These prestigious grants were among the only awards in geosciences in this competition in Denmark in those years. On 29 July, however, Artemieva was dismissed by the University of Copenaghen, with the management allegedly claiming that she had repeatedly failed to fulfil administrative and teaching duties: the dismissal caused outcry in the Geosciences community. [28]
In 2019-2020 Artemieva was visiting professor at Stanford University, CA (USA); her sabbatical stay funded by the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters [21] was essentially disturbed by the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2020 she moved to the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (Kiel, Germany). In 2022 Artemieva was invited by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences as Distinguished Professor to the SinoProbe National Laboratory, followed by her earlier affiliation since 2019 as Distinguished Professor with the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).
Artemieva has held leadership positions in large-scale international science organizations and programs. She was Science Coordinator and Executive Board member of the European Science Foundation EUROPROBE program (1999-2001), which involved about two thousand scientists from across Europe. [29] Within the European Geosciences Union (EGU), she served on the EGU Council and EGU Program Committee in 2013-2017 as Geodynamics Division President. [30] She has been member of the EGU Arthur Holmes and Augustus Love medal committees of the European Geosciences Union. She was also referee for the Crafoord Prize of the Swedish Academy of Sciences. [31]
In 2022, Artemieva was elected President of the European Geosciences Union, [32] and served as Vice-President (incoming President) the first year after the election. She was President of the European Geosciences Union from 2023-2024. In May 2024, the EGU council reported that Peter van der Beek had assumed the role of president, following a resolution and vote. [33]
Artemieva is Task Force leader in the International Lithosphere Program [34] (2019-2024), Program Officer of the International Heat Flow Commission [26] (2019-2024), chairperson of the Danish National Committee for Lithosphere Research (since 2016), Danish Executive Committee Member of the International Science Council (2018), Danish co-representative of EU "European Plate Observing System" (EPOS) in 2008-2017 the Plate Observing System, and she has taken active role in several large-scale international and U.S. scientific programs, such as SCEC, EARTHSCOPE and CIDER.
Artemieva has served as panel member and panel chair in geosciences in national funding agencies of Sweden, Ireland, France, Portugal; as chair and member of re-accreditation panels in the universities and centers of excellence in Portugal and Croatia, and as referee to national funding agencies in many European and American countries. She is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Geodynamics [27] (Elsevier) (since 2016), associated editor in Scientific Reports [35] (Nature Publishing Group) since 2014, and has earlier served as associated editor in Tectonophysics [36] (2006-2020) (Elsevier), topical editor of the EGU journal Solid Earth (2010-2016), and she is member of advisory committees of national geophysical journals in several countries.
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s.
A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
The asthenosphere is the mechanically weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, at a depth between ~80 and 200 km below the surface, and extends as deep as 700 km (430 mi). However, the lower boundary of the asthenosphere is not well defined.
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries. Where the oceanic lithosphere of a tectonic plate converges with the less dense lithosphere of a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the second plate and sinks into the mantle. A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year.
The Mohorovičić discontinuity – usually called the Moho discontinuity, Moho boundary, or just Moho – is the boundary between the crust and the mantle of Earth. It is defined by the distinct change in velocity of seismic waves as they pass through changing densities of rock.
Tectonophysics, a branch of geophysics, is the study of the physical processes that underlie tectonic deformation. This includes measurement or calculation of the stress- and strain fields on Earth’s surface and the rheologies of the crust, mantle, lithosphere and asthenosphere.
A craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle. Having often survived cycles of merging and rifting of continents, cratons are generally found in the interiors of tectonic plates; the exceptions occur where geologically recent rifting events have separated cratons and created passive margins along their edges. Cratons are characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement rock, which may be covered by younger sedimentary rock. They have a thick crust and deep lithospheric roots that extend as much as several hundred kilometres into Earth's mantle.
The European Geosciences Union (EGU) is a non-profit international union in the fields of Earth, planetary, and space sciences whose vision is to "realise a sustainable and just future for humanity and for the planet." The organisation has headquarters in Munich, Germany. Membership is open to individuals who are professionally engaged in or associated with these fields and related studies, including students, early career scientists and retired seniors.
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Peter Alfred Ziegler was a Swiss geologist, who made contributions to the understanding of the geological evolution of Europe and the North Atlantic borderlands, of intraplate tectonics and of plate tectonic controls on the evolution and hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins. Ziegler's career consists of 33 years as exploration geologist with the petroleum industry, 30 of which with Shell, and 20 years of university teaching and research.
Large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs), also called large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) or superplumes, are characteristic structures of parts of the lowermost mantle, the region surrounding the outer core deep inside the Earth. These provinces are characterized by slow shear wave velocities and were discovered by seismic tomography of deep Earth. There are two main provinces: the African LLSVP and the Pacific LLSVP, both extending laterally for thousands of kilometers and possibly up to 1,000 kilometres vertically from the core–mantle boundary. These have been named Tuzo and Jason respectively, after Tuzo Wilson and W. Jason Morgan, two geologists acclaimed in the field of plate tectonics. The Pacific LLSVP is 3,000 kilometers across and underlies four hotspots on Earth's crust that suggest multiple mantle plumes underneath. These zones represent around 8% of the volume of the mantle, or 6% of the entire Earth.
The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure. Earth's inner structure can be described both chemically and mechanically. The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary lies between Earth's cooler, rigid lithosphere and the warmer, ductile asthenosphere. The actual depth of the boundary is still a topic of debate and study, although it is known to vary according to the environment.
David Gubbins is a British former geophysicist concerned with the mechanism of the Earth's magnetic field and theoretical geophysics. He is Emeritus Professor of Earth Sciences at Leeds University.
Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere is the estimated thickness of the elastic plate to substitute for lithosphere in order to investigate observed deformation. It is also presented as Te.
Alik Ismail-Zadeh is a mathematical geophysicist known for his contribution to computational geodynamics and natural hazard studies, pioneering work on data assimilation in geodynamics as well as for outstanding service to the Earth and space science community. He is Senior Research Fellow at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany.
Anne Davaille is a French geophysicist and director of research at the CNRS, France in the field of Earth Sciences. Davaille is known for her innovative experiments using thermochemical convection in fluids to simulate the mantles of planets. She uses these experiments to analyze fluid mechanics that create a new understanding of convective regimes in Earth and other planets.
Karen Fischer is an American seismologist known for her research on the structure of Earth's mantle, its lithosphere, and how subduction zones change over geologic history.
Hans Thybo is a Danish geophysicist and geologist. He is President of International Lithosphere Program since 2017.
Richard G. Gordon is an American geophysicist, known for his research on global tectonics, including global plate motions and palaeomagnetism. He is noteworthy for leading two global plate motion projects: NUVEL and MORVEL. In the geosciences, NUVEL and MORVEL are standard models for global plate motions.
Susanna Zerbini is an Italian geophysicist, geodesist, and geodynamicist. She is known as a pioneer in developing and applying satellite geodesy for research in geodynamics and Earth system sciences.