| Issoca | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Issoca rezendei | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Order: | Tricladida |
| Family: | Geoplanidae |
| Subfamily: | Geoplaninae |
| Genus: | Issoca Froehlich, 1955 |
| Type species | |
| Geoplana rezendei Schirch, 1929 | |
Issoca is a genus of land planarians found in Brazil.
Species of the genus Issoca are characterized by the presence of a spoon-shaped head having a cephalic retractor muscle, which allows those animals to pull their anterior end upwards and backwards. Associated to the muscle are cephalic glands, forming a so-called cephalic musculo-glandular organ in a way similar to the one found in the genera Choeradoplana and Luteostriata . The copulatory apparatus usually lacks a permanent penis papilla, i. e., the penis is formed during copulation by folds in the male cavity which are pushed outwards. [1] [2]
The name Issoca comes from Tupi içoca (worm, maggot).
There are five described species in the genus Issoca:
Geoplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians endemic to the Neotropical region. Members of this family are sometimes referred to as the Neotropical land planarians. However, one species, Obama nungara has been introduced in Europe.
Luteostriata is a genus of land planarians from Brazil characterized by a yellow body with dark longitudinal stripes.
Obama is a genus of land planarians from South America. It contains several species adapted to human-disturbed environments, including the only invasive land planarian native to the Neotropical realm, Obama nungara, which has been accidentally introduced in Europe.
The reproductive system of planarians is broadly similar among different families, although the associated structures can vary in complexity.
Supramontana is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Choeradoplana is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Cephaloflexa is a genus of land planarians from Brazil.
Paraba is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Imbira is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Cratera is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Geoplana is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Eudóxia Maria Froehlich was a Brazilian zoologist.
Amaga is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Cephaloflexa araucariana is a species of land planarian in the subfamily Geoplaninae found in Brazil.
Choeradoplana iheringi is a species of land planarian in the subfamily Geoplaninae found in Brazil.
Cratera crioula is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is known from specimens found in Cantareira State Park, Brazil.
Choeradoplana bocaina is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is found in areas within the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, such as Serra da Bocaina National Park.
Sarcoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae.
Issoca assanga is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is known from specimens found in Brazil.
Piima is a genus of land planarians belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is monotypic, containing the sole species Piima ata. It is found in Brazil.