| Geoplaninae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Obama burmeisteri | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Order: | Tricladida |
| Family: | Geoplanidae |
| Subfamily: | Geoplaninae |
| Tribes | |
Geoplaninae is a subfamily of land planarians endemic to the Neotropical region. [1] [2] Members of this family are sometimes referred to as the Neotropical land planarians. However, one species, Obama nungara has been introduced in Europe. [3]
The subfamily Geoplaninae was initially defined by Ogren and Kawakatsu (1990) [4] for land planarians which have a broad creeping sole, mouth in the second half of the body, dorsal testes, subepithelial longitudinal musculature well developed and parenchymal longitudinal musculature absent or not well developed. The eyes contour the anterior region in a single row and posteriorly form several rows, which may spread onto the dorsum, and extend to the posterior end of the body. However, most, if not all, of these characteristics are not exclusive and cannot be considered a synapomorphy of the group. Some characteristics have also been reverted in some genera. [5] Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies have revealed that Geoplaninae is indeed a monophyletic group. [2] [6] [7]
Currently the land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae are grouped into 9 tribes and 37 genera: [1]
Geoplanidae is a family of flatworms known commonly as land planarians or land flatworms.
Girardia is a genus of freshwater planarians belonging to the family Dugesiidae.
Luteostriata is a genus of land planarians from Brazil characterized by a yellow body with dark longitudinal stripes.
Obama is a genus of land planarians from South America. It contains several species adapted to human-disturbed environments, including the only invasive land planarian native to the Neotropical realm, Obama nungara, which has been accidentally introduced in Europe.
The reproductive system of planarians is broadly similar among different families, although the associated structures can vary in complexity.
Supramontana is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Choeradoplana is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Paraparaba is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Imbira is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Cratera is a genus of land planarians found in South America.
Geoplana is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Pasipha is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Polycladus is a genus of land planarians from South America, currently comprising a single species, Polycladus gayi, which occurs in the Valdivian Forest, Chile.
Notogynaphallia is a genus of land planarians from South America.
Caenoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae mostly found throughout the Australasian and Oceanian realms.
Gigantea is a genus of land planarians from the Neotropical realm.
Imbira guaiana is a species of land planarian in the subfamily Geoplaninae. It is the type species of the genus Imbira and is found in Brazil.
Timyma is a genus of land planarians from Chile. It is the sole genus of the subfamily Timyminae.
Geoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae.
Sarcoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Geoplaninae.