| Ixia monadelpha | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Genus: | Ixia |
| Species: | I. monadelpha |
| Binomial name | |
| Ixia monadelpha Delaroche | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Ixia monadelpha, also known as the pied kalossie or bontkalossie, is an endangered species of geophyte found in wet sandy flats in the southwestern Cape of South Africa.
This cormous geophyte grows 15–40 cm (5.9–15.7 in) tall. [2] It has a simple stem with one or two short, spreading branches. They emerge at right angles to the stem and curve upwards. [3]
The corm is more or less spherical and has a diameter of 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in). They are covered in soft, papery layers. [3]
The leaves are sword-shaped and are often loosely twisted. There are between four and seven leaves per plant, each of which is about half as long as the stem and 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) wide. The margins are slightly thickened and become transparent when dry. [3]
Unscented flowers are present in September and October. [2] [3] Each plant produces between four and twelve salver-shaped flowers that grow close to each other in a flexuose spike inflorescence. [3] Flowers are typically grey-blue to turquoise to purple or pink in colour. [2] [3] Although rare, some plants produce white or grey-yellow flowers. The center is darker, ranging from dark green to brown, red, purple and almost black in colour. The darker center has a light brown or green edge. [3]
The flowers have dark stamens with blue or grey pollen. The filaments are joined for at least half o their length and the purple anthers are erect. The style divides between the base and the middle of the anthers, forming branches that are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. [3]
The pale, dry floral bracts are speckled with brown or red and have distinctive thickened and twisted dark brown cusps. [2] [3] The outer bract with the central cusp in the most prominent. [3]
Ixia monadelpha is the first species that was put into the eurydice subgenus. Initially proposed as being its own genus, species in this subgenus have fused stamen filaments. This feature is not seen in the rest of the genus. The species epithet monadelpha means one-brothered and refers to the joined filaments. [4]
This species is endemic to a narrow region along the Atlantic Coast in the Western Cape of South Africa. [3] It is currently found growing between Darling in the West Coast region and Hout Bay on the Cape Peninsula, although it was historically found as far as Hopefield and Tulbagh. [5] [6] It is now restricted to between four and six fragmented subpopulations, most of which are around Darling. The largest population in found on Rondebosch Common in Cape Town. [6] Plants are found growing on seasonally wet sandy flats and lower slopes. [2]
I. monadelpha is insect pollinated. The dark center of the flower is typical of species that are pollinated by monkey beetles. [7] It is known to be visited by Peritrichia cinerea . and Lepithrix fulvipes , two monkey beetle species. [7] [8]
This species is often found growing alongside Ixia curta , an orange Ixia species that also has fused filaments but differs in other morphological features. [3] [6]
This species is considered to be endangered by the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Only a few scattered subpopulations remain in isolated remnants. These populations are declining due to alien vegetation and habitat degradation. [5]
Babiana is a genus of geophytes in the family Iridaceae with 93 recognized species as of March 2022. The leaves consist of a stalk and a blade that are at an angle to each other. The leaf blades are entire, laterally flattened and pleated, and often hairy. Each individual flower is subtended by two hairy or smooth bracts that are green in most species. The outer bract is often the largest of the two. In most species the bracts have a dry, brown tip, but in a few species it is entirely green or entirely dry when flowering or the outer bract is translucent and has a papery texture. The inner bract is forked or split all the way to its base. Each flower is without a pedicel, with six tepals that are merged at their base into a tube and form a perianth that is mirror-symmetrical in most species, with three anthers implanted where the perianth tube widens and that are, in almost every species, clustered at one side of the style. The style has three branches that widen towards the tip and the ovary is inferior. Flowers occur in almost every conceivable colour, many have markings on some of the tepals, and few star-symmetrical flowers have a centre that strongly contrasts with the free part of the perianth. The majority of these species are endemic to the west and southwest of South Africa, and southwestern Namibia, but one species occurs elsewhere in Namibia and South Africa and another species can be found in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The genus name is derived from the Dutch word baviaan, referring to the Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus, that consumes the corms of plants in the genus. The genus is called bobbejaantjie in Afrikaans, meaning small baboon.
Moraea aristata is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is referred to by the common names blue-eyed uintjie or Blouooguintjie in Afrikaans.It is endemic to the city of Cape Town and is considered to be critically endangered.
Baeometra is a genus in the family Colchicaceae containing a single species, Baeometra uniflora. It is native to South Africa, where it is commonly called beetle lily due to the dark markings on the tepals.
Gladiolus alatus is a species of geophyte from South Africa. Common names include painted ladies, king kalkoentjie and kipkippie. Kalkoentjie means "little turkey" in Afrikaans and refers to the shape of the flower, which resembles a turkey's wattle. It is popular as a garden plant and an important part of the cut flower industry in parts of the world on account of its large and showy orange flowers.
Geissorhiza aspera, also known as the blue satin flower or blou sysie, is a geophyte from South Africa.
Romulea sabulosa is a perennial geophyte that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has a few grooved thread-like leaves, and relatively large burgundy red trimerous flowers, reminiscent of crocus flowers, with yellow to light greenish with black markings and stamens with light green free filaments. It only occurs on sandy clay on renosterveld west of Nieuwoudtville in the Northern Cape province South Africa. It is called satynblom in Afrikaans.
Romulea tortuosa is a herbaceous perennial geophyte in the family Iridaceae native to South Africa. It has a small corm in the soil, a few prostrate coiling leaves, and fragrant, trimerous yellow flowers, sometimes with six brown blotches on the inside near the bottom of the flower.
Romulea monadelpha is a herbaceous perennial geophyte in the family Iridaceae native to South Africa. It has a small corm in the soil, a few thread-like leaves, and trimerous dark red flowers with elaborate markings on the inside near the bottom of the flower. It is called karoo satynblom in Afrikaans.
Wahlenbergia capensis, commonly known as the Cape bluebell, is a plant in the family Campanulaceae and is native to the Cape Province but has been introduced to Australia. It is an annual herb with up to four greenish blue, bell-shaped flowers with spreading petal lobes.
Babiana villosa is a species of geophyte of 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has mauve-pink, purple or scarlet star-symmetrical wide chalice-shaped flowers with narrow tube, large, blackish or dark purple anthers, and velvety hairy, lance-shaped, laterally compressed leaves, set in a fan. Flowers occur during August and September. It grows between Malmesbury and Wellington in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is commonly called red babiana in English and rooibobbejaantjie in Afrikaans.
Babiana hirsuta is a species of geophyte of 40–70 cm (16–28 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has many scarlet mirror-symmetrical flowers in a branched inflorescence with several short ascending branches. The flower has a narrow tube, and three large, blackish or dark purple anthers that extend beyond the dorsal tepal. The leaves are velvety hairy, lance-shaped, laterally compressed and set in a fan. It is an endemic species of South Africa that can be found along the west coast of the Northern and Western Cape provinces as far south as Saldanha. It is called red babiana in English, but that name is also applied to Babiana villosa, and strandlelie, sandlelie and rooihanekam in Afrikaans. Until 2008, the strandlelie was known as Babiana thunbergii.
Babiana tubiflora is a species of geophyte of 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has whitish mirror-symmetrical flowers with a long narrow tube that split into six tepal lobes, have three stamens, and line- to lance-shaped, laterally compressed leaves. It is an endemic species of South Africa that can be found along the west and south coast of the Western Cape province. It flowers from August to early October.
Babiana sambucina is a species of geophyte of 8–30 cm (3.1–11.8 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has dense spikes of blue to violet-coloured, often fragrant flowers. There are two subspecies, B. sambucina subsp. longibracteata is restricted to a small area in the Northern Cape, B. sambucina subsp. sambucina grows in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. Flowers are present in August and September.
Babiana rubrocyanea is a perennial geophyte of 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) high, with entire, lance-shaped, hairy, pleated leaves and flowers that have a narrowly funnel-shaped tube at their base and six free tepal lobes at the top that form a wide cup that is purplish blue with a sharply defined carmine red centre. It can be found in a small area of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Flowers can be found from August to the middle of September. It is called blue-and-red babiana in English and rooibloubobbejaantjie in Afrikaans.
Babiana brachystachys is a species of geophyte of 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) high that is assigned to the family Iridaceae. It has cream or pale pink, only slightly mirror-symmetrical flowers that are pink on the reverse with a long narrow tube that splits into six tepal lobes, three stamens, a style that divides in three branches opposite the tip of the anthers and line-shaped leaves that are circular in cross section. It is an endemic species of South Africa that can be found on sandy hills and inland dunes in the Northern Cape province. It flowers in September and October.
Babiana scabrifolia is a perennial plant of 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) high that annually forms leaves and flowers from an underground corm and is assigned to the Iris family. It produces relatively large, pale lilac or blue flowers slightly above the soil, and soft, lightly pleated leaves that reach beyond the flowers. These leaves are lance-shaped to oblong in adults, but line-shaped and twisted in non-flowering specimens. Flowering occurs from June to August. The species can be found in the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Babiana pygmaea is a perennial plant of about 10 cm (3.9 in) high that annually forms leaves and flowers from an underground corm that is assigned to the iris family. It has bowl-shaped, pale yellow flowers with six perianth lobes, purplish in its heart, emerging from a cylindrical tube, and lance-shaped, pleated and heary leafblades that are almost at a right angle with the sheaths. The species can be found in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is called geelbobbejaantjie in Afrikaans.
Babiana cinnamomea is a perennial plant of about 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) high that annually forms leaves and flowers from an underground corm that is assigned to the iris family. It has inconspicuous pale greenish yellow flowers and broad, hairless, pleated leaves with undulating margins. Flowers may be found in May and June. It occurs in the very north of the Western Cape province of South Africa.
Romulea hirsuta is a geophyte from South Africa. It has pink flowers with dark marks at the edges of the yellow center.
Lachenalia variegata, also known as the spotty viooltjie, is a species of plant from the Western Cape of South Africa.
Media related to Ixia monadelpha at Wikimedia Commons
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