Jacobina

Last updated
Jacobina
Municipality
Vista da cidade de Jacobina-BA.jpg
View of Jacobina
Bandeira de Jacobina.svg
Flag
Bahia Municip Jacobina.svg
Location in Bahia
Coordinates: 11°10′50.88″S40°31′04.08″W / 11.1808000°S 40.5178000°W / -11.1808000; -40.5178000
CountryBrazil
StateBahia
Government
 • MayorTiago Manoel Dias Ferreira
Area
 • Total2,319.825 km2 (895.689 sq mi)
Population
2020
 • Total82,590
 • Density36/km2 (92/sq mi)
Time zone UTC−3 (BRT)
Area/distance code (00)55
Website jacobina.ba.gov.br

Jacobina is a city in the Centro Norte Baiano mesoregion of Bahia. It was founded July 28, 1722 and the population is 82,590. The town is surrounded by mountains, hills, lakes, rivers, springs, and waterfalls. Located in the northwest region of Bahia, in the extreme north of the Chapada Diamantina, Jacobina is 330 kilometers from Salvador and is also known as 'City of Gold', a legacy of the gold mines which attracted the pioneers from São Paulo in the early seventeenth century. [1]

Contents

History

Jacobina was first inhabited by the Payayá peoples. Residents of the municipality retain the memory of a chief, Jacó, and his companion, a wise woman named Bina. [2] Portuguese settlers came to the area in the early 17th century. The descendants of Garcia D'Ávila, owners of the Casa da Torre, were granted land for cattle production in 1658. A second prominent family, the Guedes de Brito, were granted land in 1705, and arrived with colonists and enslaved Africans. António da Silva Pimentel and his wife Isabel Maria Guedes de Brito authorized the construction of a Franciscan missionary chapel on Bom Jesus da Glória, their large farm. The site of the chapel became the nucleus of the present-day town. [3] [1]

Gold was discovered in Jacobina in approximately the same period, supposedly by Roberto Dias. Mining was forbidden by Dom Rodrigo da Costa, Governor-General of Brazil from 1702 to 1705, but bandeirantes and other Portuguese colonialists moved to the region. There were 700 gold panners in the area by 1652. The gold rush led to the cultivation of crops and livestock production. Settlement along the banks of the Itapicuru Mirim River grew rapidly due to the arrival of more gold panners. The Portuguese Crown took great interest in the wealth that emerged from the mines. The Count of Sabugosa tasked Pedro Barbosa Leal with organizing the gold mines and towns of Jacobina and nearby Rio de Contas. The Vila Santo Antônio de Jacobina was established by a royal charter of Dom João V, dated August 5, 1720. The city seat was at the Mission of Nossa Senhora das Neves do Say, an indigenous village founded by Franciscan priests in 1697. The village included the parishes of Santo Antônio de Pambu and Santo Antônio do Urubu. [3] [1]

The city seat at Mission of Nossa Senhora das Neves do Say proved to be too far from the gold mines, so the city seat was moved to the Mission of Bom Jesus da Glória. Diamonds were discovered in Jacobina in 1732. Their discovery was hidden from the population due to the prohibition of diamond mining by the Portuguese. Diamonds were also discovered in other parts of the Chapada Diamantina in the 19th century, leading to an exodus of miners from the town. Cotton cultivation also began in the region in the 18th century. Jacobina was raised to city status in 1888. By the municipality had three districts: Jacobina, Riachão, and Saúde. Territorial divisions of Jacobina occurred in every decade of the 20th century. Many districts of Jacobina became new municipalities in Bahia. By 1993 Jacobina had five districts: Jacobina, Catinga do Moura, Itaitu, Itapeipu, and Junco. [3] [1]

Historic structures

Jacobina is home to numerous colonial-period historic structures, many state or federally protected monuments.

Climate

Climate data for Jacobina (1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)31.9
(89.4)		32.3
(90.1)		31.6
(88.9)		30.1
(86.2)		28.3
(82.9)		26.5
(79.7)		26.3
(79.3)		27.4
(81.3)		29.6
(85.3)		31.5
(88.7)		31.7
(89.1)		31.5
(88.7)		29.9
(85.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)26.1
(79.0)		26.3
(79.3)		25.9
(78.6)		24.9
(76.8)		23.4
(74.1)		22.0
(71.6)		21.4
(70.5)		22.1
(71.8)		23.8
(74.8)		25.3
(77.5)		25.8
(78.4)		25.8
(78.4)		24.4
(75.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)21.5
(70.7)		21.7
(71.1)		21.8
(71.2)		21.2
(70.2)		20.0
(68.0)		18.9
(66.0)		18.1
(64.6)		18.3
(64.9)		19.5
(67.1)		20.5
(68.9)		21.1
(70.0)		21.4
(70.5)		20.3
(68.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)104.5
(4.11)		67.9
(2.67)		136.8
(5.39)		82.1
(3.23)		45.9
(1.81)		42.2
(1.66)		36.7
(1.44)		33.6
(1.32)		21.8
(0.86)		30.2
(1.19)		83.8
(3.30)		101.1
(3.98)		786.6
(30.97)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)65987887545577
Average relative humidity (%)65.463.969.473.775.678.076.071.664.761.963.867.369.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 242.5219.8220.3201.0176.5153.7178.1202.2217.0233.3213.2220.52,478.1
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia [5]

Related Research Articles

<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Vila do Porto</i></span> Municipality in Azores, Portugal

Vila do Porto is the single municipality, the name of the main town and one of the civil parishes on the island of Santa Maria, in the Portuguese archipelago of Azores. Its nearest neighbor, administratively, is the municipality of Povoação on the southern coast of São Miguel, and it is physically southwest of the islets of the Formigas. The population in 2021 was 5,408, in an area of 96.89 km2 (37.41 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ribeira Grande, Azores</span> Municipality in Azores, Portugal

Ribeira Grande is a municipality in the northern part of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese Azores. The population in 2011 was 32,112, in an area of 180.15 km2. The municipal seat is located in the civil parish of Matriz, with a population of about 4000 inhabitants, part of the urbanized core of what is commonly referred to as the city of Ribeira Grande.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vila Franca do Campo</span> Municipality in Azores, Portugal

Vila Franca do Campo is a town and municipality in the southern part of the island of São Miguel in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of the Azores. The population of the municipality was 11,229 in 2011, in an area of 77.97 km². The town proper, which incorporates the urbanized parishes São Miguel and São Pedro, has 4100 inhabitants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Almagreira (Vila do Porto)</span> Civil parish in Azores, Portugal

Almagreira is a civil parish in the municipality of Vila do Porto on the island of Santa Maria, in the Portuguese autonomous region of Azores. The population in 2011 was 599, in an area of 11.22 km2. Bordering all other parishes of the island, it is located northwest of Vila do Porto.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santo Espírito</span> Civil parish in Azores, Portugal

Santo Espírito is a Portuguese civil parish, located in the municipality of Vila do Porto, in the autonomous region of Azores. The population in 2011 was 588, in an area of 26.68 km².

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aljustrel</span> Municipality in Alentejo, Portugal

Aljustrel is a town and a municipality in the Portuguese district of Beja. The population in 2011 was 9,257, in an area of 458.47 km2. The present mayor is Nelson Domingos Brito, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is June 13.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alandroal</span> Municipality in Alentejo, Portugal

Alandroal is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Évora located on the eastern frontier with Spain along the right margin of the Guadiana River in the Central Alentejo region. It is located 341 metres (1,119 ft) above sea level, northeast of Évora and southeast of Estremoz. The population in 2011 was 5,843, in an area of 542.68 km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cachoeira</span> Municipality in Bahia, Brazil

Cachoeira is an inland municipality of Bahia, Brazil, on the Paraguaçu River. The town exports sugar, cotton, and tobacco and is a thriving commercial and industrial centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabará</span> Municipality in Southeast, Brazil

Sabará is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region and to the associated microregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mariana</span> Catholic ecclesiastical territory

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mariana is an archdiocese based in the city of Mariana in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Historic Center of Salvador</span> UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bahia, Brazil

The Historic Center (US) or Centre (UK) of Salvador de Bahia in Brazil, also known as the Pelourinho or Pelo, is a historic neighborhood in western Salvador, Bahia. It was the city's center during the Portuguese colonial period and was named for the whipping post in its central plaza where enslaved people from Africa were publicly beaten as punishment for alleged infractions. The Historic Center is extremely rich in historical monuments dating from the 17th through the 19th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candeias, Bahia</span> Municipality of Bahia State, Brazil

Candeias is a municipality in Brazil, in the state of Bahia. It is located 46 kilometres (29 mi) to the north of Salvador, the capital of Bahia. The town is near the BR-324 motorway. The town has a current population of 87,458.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">São Francisco do Conde</span> Municipality in Northeast, Brazil

São Francisco do Conde is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. São Francisco do Conde covers 262.856 km2 (101.489 sq mi), and has a population of 40,245 with a population density of 150 inhabitants per square kilometer. It is located 67 kilometres (42 mi) from the state capital of Salvador. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics São Francisco do Conde has the highest concentration of Brazilians of African descent (90%) in Bahia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cairu</span> Municipality in Northeast, Brazil

Cairu is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. The municipality consists of three islands: the Island of Cairu, which is only separated from the mainland by a narrow river; Tinharé Island, which has the dense tourist settlement of Morro de São Paulo to the north; and Boipeba Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torrão</span> Civil parish in Alentejo, Portugal

Torrão is a civil parish and town, in the municipality of Alcácer do Sal, in the Portuguese district of Setúbal, bordering on the districts of Évora and the Beja. It is crossed by the river Xarrama River. The population in 2011 was 2,295, in an area of 372.39 km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of the Conception of Jacobina</span> 18th-century Roman Catholic church located in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil

The Church of the Conception of Jacobina, or Chapel of the Conception of Jacobina is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church located in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. It was constructed in 1759 and is dedicated to Our Lady of the Conception. It covers 486 square metres (5,230 sq ft). The church was financed through donations made by the citizens of Jacobina in agreement with the Portuguese brotherhood responsible for the parish. It is now part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bonfim, and was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1972.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parish Church of Saint Antony of Jacobina</span>

The Parish Church of Saint Antony of Jacobina is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church located in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. It was constructed in 1758 and is dedicated to Saint Anthony, and is now part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bonfim. It covers 724 square metres (7,790 sq ft). The Institute of Artistic and Cultural Heritage of Bahia listed the church as a state heritage site in 2002.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Jacobina" (in Portuguese). Brasília, Brazil: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  2. ↑ Raphael Rodrigues Vieira Filho (2006), Os negros em Jacobina (Bahia) no século XIX (PDF) (in Portuguese), Wikidata   Q107632269
  3. 1 2 3 Azevedo, Paulo Ormindo de (2012). "Jacobina". Lisbon, Portugal: Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  4. ↑ "Jacobina". Sistema de Informações do Patrimônio Cultural da Bahia (SIPAC) (in Portuguese). Salvador, Bahia: Instituto do Patrimônio Artístico e Cultural da Bahia. 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-07-19.
  5. ↑ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
Flag in map of Bahia.svg

This Bahia, Brazil location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.