Jampui Hills | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Peak | Thaidawr |
Elevation | 930 m (3,050 ft) |
Coordinates | 23°57′57″N92°16′38″E / 23.965916°N 92.277346°E |
Naming | |
Native name | Zampui Tlangdung (Tippera) |
Geography | |
Location | Tripura, India |
Parent range | Lushai Hills |
Jampui Hills is a part of the Mizo hills (Lushai Hills) range located in the North Tripura district in the north eastern part of the Indian state of Tripura. The average altitude of the hill range is approximately 1000 metres above sea level.
The Jampui Hills stretch from North to South and are bordering the state Mizoram in the east. [1] 930 m high Thaidawr Tlang, located on the southern part of Jampui Hills is the highest point in Tripura. [2]
There are 10 small villages in Jampui hills and most of the inhabitants are the Mizo community. The villages are (from North to South) Vaisam, Hmawngchuan, Hmunpui, Tlaksih, Vanghmun, Behliangchhip, Bangla Zion, Tlangsang, Sabual and Phuldungsei. Vanghmun is the headquarters of Jampui R.D Block and there is a police station too. Besides these, Punjab National Bank and Tripura Gramin Bank have their branches functioning at Vanghmun. The whole of Jampui hills falls within Kanchanpur sub-division under North Tripura district with its headquarters located at Dharmanagar. There is a black topped road to Jampui Hills which is being developed to make it an interstate highway connecting with Mizoram. The nearest village, Hmunpui is 23 km (Approx) far from Kanchanpur, the Sub-Divisional Headquarters.
The official languages in the area are Mizo, Kokborok, English and Bengali. Owing to the high priorities given to education, Jampui hill have produced many outstanding academics, officers, etc. in the state and other places. The first among the Mizo community (including Mizos from Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Burma and Bangladesh) to passed an M.A. was Mr. Khawtinkhuma from Tlaksih Village of Jampui Hills. Many people of the Hills are absorbed in the Government service sectors. The people of Jampui Hills are very hard working too. Despite geographical disadvantages, the people of Jampui Hills have succeeded in horticultural plantations like orange, betel-nut, ginger, coffee plantations, etc. on a large scale. These plantations are a major source of income for the farmers of Jampui. Orange plantation has been the major source of income for most of the families of Jampui but due to unscientific practices, the orange yield has declined considerably. However, fresh orange plantations are showing sign of success at Hmunpui, Vanghmun and Tlaksih villages. However, the southern areas of Jampui covering Sabual and Phuldungsei village are still yield maximum production of oranges even today. Despite many new concepts of livelihood, few families still practice the traditional jhum cultivation for their livelihood. Agricultural produce from these Jhum fields are sold in the local market and also outside the area. They are mostly organic in nature and highly prized for its taste and purity.
Jampui Hills was occupied by the Mizo people in the 16th century. Slowly they migrated westwards and entered into the interior part of Tripura and they were then called "Kuki" by the Tripuris. Descendants of these tribes are now called Halam community (a name given to them by Maharaja of Tripura). Jampui Hills was later occupied by another Mizo group under the Chieftainship of Zadeng, Rivung and Thangluah tribes (These are among the chief tribes of Mizo). Sibuta was one of the greatest Mizo chiefs in the 17th-18th century in northern part of Tripura, as mentioned in the Rajmala and in the book of Alexander Mackenzie. Jampui Hills was vacated by the Mizos in the mid-1800s due to a dreaded disease called "Zawnghri".The last batch of Mizo migrant settled in Jampui Hills under the chieftainship of Dokhuma Sailo in 1910 and Hrangvunga Sailo in 1912. In 1930, Dokhuma Sailo was crowned Raja Bahadur title and Hrangvunga, Raja Hrangvunga by the Maharaja of Tippera. Along with them, a wise and brave man Vungsakeia, a right-hand man of Chief Dokhuma Sailo was also crowned Montri title by the Maharaja. Since the beginning of the 20th century the Mizo continues to inhabit Jampui Hills peacefully.
Orange plantation started in Jampui hill during the early 1960s. It began as a fruit plantation for self consumption. Later on, when markets opened the people realised the economic potential of oranges. New gardens were created and within a few years, almost all families started an orange plantation for commercial purpose in their lands. In course of time income from orange plantations drastically changed the economic conditions and standards of living of the people of Jampui. The quality of orange was so good that it won 1st position at fruits exhibition at New Delhi in the mid-1980s. Since then, Jampui became famous as a place where best quality oranges are grown commercially. With this recognition, more tourist became interested in visiting the area. So, for promotion of tourism, the Information and Culture department of Tripura started the unique Orange & Tourism festival celebration every year at Jampui hill. A large number of tourists, both domestic and foreign, participate and enjoy this festival. However, due to spread of orange disease like milky dew, dieback, and attack by pests, about two-thirds of the orange plantations has been wiped out. At present, Orange festival has been discontinued due to decline in orange productions and for other reasons. During this festival season, September to December, the hill is covered with floating clouds and it provides a rare experience for the tourists. The formation of clouds at the bottom of the hill range and its gradual ascendance from the bottom to the top slowly engulfing the whole hill range in its mystic lap is an experience to treasure. A new era of betel ( Areca ) nut, locally known as kuhva cultivation started by the people of Jampui since the last few decades. As the oranges are almost entirely wiped out, betel nut plantation extremely helps in the growth of the local people's economy. Just like oranges, betel nut are planted by most of the family for self consumption and commercial purpose in their land, grown and sold to many Traders coming from different places. Cultivation of betel nut thrives in Jampui and may have a huge potential even in the open market.
Jampui Hills can be accessed by road from Dharmanagar and Kailashahar via Kanchanpur. It can be accessed from Mizoram through Tuipuibari towards the South and from Kanhmun towards the North. [3] Also, Helipad is available at Vanghmun and at Phuldungsei where Helicopters can land with ease.
The view of rising and setting sun from various view points in Jampui hills is a wonderful sight for the tourists. Tourists visiting the Jampui hill cannot afford to miss the view of the sunset and the sunrise. Various view points in the hill range provide excellent panoramic views of the valley and villages of Mizoram. From the watchtower at the highest peak,(Thaidawr) Balinchhip 'Ba'-a species of tuber, 'Lin'-to plant (in mizo), 'Chhip' -a peak (in mizo)(3200 feet above sea level), the Chattogram Hill Tracts, the Kanchanpur - Dasda valley other hill ranges of Tripura and Mizoram unfold an enigmatic scenic vista. Jampui Hills have huge eco-tourism potential which the state Government is trying its best to develop it.
Tourism Department of Government of Tripura has constructed one very modern tourist lodge- Eden Tourist Lodge at Vanghmun village in the Jampui hills which has a capacity of 30 persons and is well equipped with all modern amenities. Earlier, owing to limited seats, getting a seat at Eden lodge needs 2–3 months advance bookings during the month of September to March. At present, new buildings have been constructed besides the main Eden lodge to accommodate more visitors.
For facilitating the visit of tourists to Jampui hill, Tourist Department, Government of Tripura is organising various package tours from the capital town of Agartala. Jampui hill is a real tourist paradise which attracts a large number of tourists with its virgin forests and peaceful and eco-friendly ambience including beautiful orchids and colourful dance & music. Being sparsely populated it provides an ideal opportunity for leisure tourism. The tourist can visit the scenic villages, meet the people, interact with them and explore their culture and traditions. One can experience age old cultures and beautiful local dances like Cheraw " Bambo dance" as is widely known.
The local language is called Lusei țawng (ț=tr, trawng means "language"). The Lusei language is the common language spoken by the many Mizos living in Myanmar, Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Bangladesh, Tripura and other places. Originally Lusei was spoken by only a particular group of the Mizos known as Lusei group, other Mizo groups speaks their own dialect. After a passage of time, the Lusei dialect became the most widely used dialect and is today the official language of the Mizo community as a whole. Bengali is known by most adults in Jampui though most are unable to read and write in Bangla. English is common and popular among the educated youths and most are fluent in speaking English.
Mizoram is a landlocked state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its capital and largest city. It shares 722-kilometres of international borders with Bangladesh to the west, and Myanmar to the east and south, with domestic borders with the Indian states of Assam, Manipur, and Tripura. It covers an area of 21,087 square kilometres. 91% of the area is covered by forests, making it the most heavily forested state in India. With an estimated population of 1.25 million in 2023, it is the second least populated state in India. With an urbanisation rate of 51.5% it is the most urbanised state in northeast India, ranking fifth in urbanisation nationwide. One of the two official languages and most widely spoken tongue is Mizo, which serves as a lingua franca among various ethnic communities who speak a variety of other Tibeto-Burman or Indo-Aryan languages. Mizoram is home to the highest percentage of scheduled tribes in India, with the Mizo people forming the majority.
The Hmar language(Northern Mizo) belongs to the Mizo language branch of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The speakers of this language use Mizo language as their second language (L2).
The Mizo people, historically called the Lushais, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group primarily from Mizoram in northeastern India. They speak Mizo, one of the state's official languages and its lingua franca. Beyond Mizoram, sizable Mizo communities live in neighboring northeast Indian states like Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura, with minority populations also found in Myanmar and the United States. Mizoram is the second most literate state in India, at more than a rate of 90%.
The Tripura Baptist Christian Union (TBCU) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Tripura, India. It has its head office in Agartala, the state capital. The TBCU is affiliated to the Asia Pacific Baptist Federation (APBF) and the Baptist World Alliance (BWA). It is also a member church of the North East India Christian Council (NEICC), a regional church body of the National Council of Churches in India (NCCI).
The history of Mizoram encompasses the history of Mizoram which lies in the southernmost part of northeast India. It is a conglomerate history of several ethnic groups of Chin people who migrated from Chin State of Burma. But information of their patterns of westward migration are based on oral history and archaeological inferences, hence nothing definite can be said. The recorded history started relatively recently around the mid-19th century when the adjoining regions were occupied by the British monarchy. Following religious, political and cultural revolutions in the mid-20th century majority of the people agglomerated into a super tribe, Mizo. Hence the officially recognised settlement of the Mizos became Mizoram.
The Halam community are various tribes native to the state of Tripura in India. The name Halam was coined by the Tipra Maharaja. As per their oral tradition they called themselves "Riam", which literally means "Human being". And lyrically they also call themselves "Riamrai, Chepvon, Reivon, Longvon etc.". The Halam are further divided into 12 sub-tribes, namely Sakachep, Chorei, Molsom, Hrangkhol, Kaipeng, Kalai, Ranglong, Thangachep, Bongcher, Korbwng, Dab and Rupini.
The Mizo National Front uprising was a revolt against the government of India aimed at establishing a sovereign nation state for the Mizo people, which started on 28 February 1966. On 1 March 1966, the Mizo National Front (MNF) made a declaration of independence, after launching coordinated attacks on the Government offices and security forces post in different parts of the Mizo district in Assam. The government retaliated and recaptured all the places seized by the MNF by 25 March 1966.
Ralte is a Kuki-Chin language of India. Fewer than a thousand Ralte people speak the language.
Cheraw dance is a traditional bamboo dance performed by the Mizo people of Mizoram, India, consisting of mostly six to eight people holding pairs of bamboo staves on another horizontally placed bamboo on the ground. The male performers then clap the bamboos rhythmically while groups of female dancers dance in intricate steps between the beating bamboo.
Ranglong is an ethnic people belonging to the Kuki people. The majority of the Ranglong people live in a small and densely-packed area in the northeastern part of India, mainly in the border areas of Tripura, Assam and Mizoram.
Ṭam Dil is a reservoir lake situated 6 km from Saitual, the nearest town, and 64 km from Aizawl, the capital city of Mizoram, India.
The Chapchar Kut is a festival of Mizoram, India.
Mizoram is one of the fastest growing economies among the states of India with a per capital income of Rs 308571. Mizoram had the second highest GSDP growth during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007–2012) in Northeast India at 11% exceeding the target of 7.8% which is also much higher than the national average of 7.9%. During the 10th Five Year Plan (2002–2007), the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) was expected to grow at around 5.3% but grew at 5.7%. The biggest contributors to GSDP growth are agriculture, public administration and construction work. Tertiary sector of service sector continued to have the contribution to the GSDP with its share hovering between 58% and 60% during the past half a decade.
The Darlong people are a sub-tribe of Hmar,living in the state of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam India. The Darlong call themselves ‘hriam’ or ‘manmasi nauhai’. They constitute less than one percent of the population of Tripura.
Zawlbûk was a traditional bachelorsʼ quarters of the Mizo people, predominantly of the Luseis living in Mizoram, India. It was prominently the largest house in the tribal village, and it was customary for every village to have it constructed in the middle of the habitation. Even though its basic use was as a dormitory for all unmarried men of the village, it was much more a social institution where education, entertainment, skill and personal developments, and security of the tribal community were (almost) entirely centred. It also served as a resting place for guests, travelers and visitors.
Northeast India consists of eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. Tourism in this area is based around the unique Himalayan landscape and culture distinct from the rest of India.
Mizoram is a state in the northeast of India. Mizoram is considered by many as a beautiful place due to its landscape and pleasant climate. There have been many attempts to increase revenue through tourism but many potential tourists find the lack of amenities to be a hurdle. However, the State continues to promote itself and many projects have been initiated. The tourism ministry continues to maintain or upgrade its tourist lodges throughout the state. Foreign tourists are required to obtain an 'inner line permit' under the special permit before visiting. The permit can be obtained from Indian missions abroad for a limited number of days or direct from Mizoram Government authorities within India. The state is rich in bird diversity, which has the potentiality to make it a major birding destination. Mizoram is a stronghold for Mrs. Hume's pheasant. There is also a rare record of the wild water buffalo from the state. There are several past records of the Sumatran rhinoceros from Mizoram, then Lushai Hills. The small population of wild elephants can be seen in Ngengpui and Dampa Sanctuaries.
Sabual is a village in the northeastern part of Tripura state in Northeast India. It is one of the ten Mizo villages which compose the Jampui Hills range under Kanchanpur Sub-Division. The District headquarter, Dharmanagar is approximately 85 kilometers from Sabual. It sits at about 1000 meters above sea level. Summer is cool and winter season is cold. The economy of the village depend on shifting cultivation and Gardening.
The culture of the Mizo people has been heavily influenced by Christianity during the colonial era of the British Raj and the rise of Mizo nationalism with the Mizo Insurgency of 1966-1986. Mizo culture is rooted in the arts and ways of life of Mizos in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Mizo culture has developed in plurality with historical settlements and migrations starting from Southern China to the Shan states of Burma, the Kabaw valley and the state of Mizoram under the British and Indian administrations.
The Mizo people in Tripura are an ethnic minority in the northeast Indian state. They have established settlements in areas like the Jampui Hills and integrated into Tripura's socio-cultural landscape.