Javan lapwing

Last updated

Javan lapwing
Vanellus macropterus.jpg
Status iucn3.1 CR.svg
Critically endangered, possibly extinct  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Charadriidae
Genus: Vanellus
Species:
V. macropterus
Binomial name
Vanellus macropterus
(Wagler, 1827)
Synonyms

Charadrius macropterusWagler, 1827
Rogibyx macropterus(Wagler, 1827)

Contents

The Javan lapwing (Vanellus macropterus) also known as Javanese lapwing and Javanese wattled lapwing is a wader in the lapwing family.

Turnaround video of a specimen at Naturalis Biodiversity Center

This large, long-legged wader inhabited the marshes and river deltas of Java, and possibly Sumatra and Timor. It was last seen in 1940, and as it was a conspicuous species unlikely to be overlooked, it seems likely that it is extinct. The IUCN classified it as such in their 1994 and 1996 assessments, but reversed that in 2000 and listed the species as Critically Endangered (CR). [2]

In an assessment dated 1 October 2016, the IUCN justified the classification:

This conspicuous species has not been recorded since 1940, and it is likely to have declined severely owing to extensive habitat degradation and destruction, probably compounded by significant hunting pressure. However, not all potential habitat has been surveyed, and local reports need to be followed up with dedicated surveys. Any remaining population is likely to be tiny, and for these reasons it is treated as Critically Endangered.

The IUCN clarifies by citing "unconfirmed reports" by locals from 2013. While acknowledging that finding live individuals is "unlikely", insight gained from observations in the 1920s may point to additional habitats not previously considered. [3] Specifically grasslands on Belitung Island may be one such location to be surveyed. [4] However, a 2018 study, citing previous patterns of bird population decline and the lack of any confirmed sightings, recommended uplisting the species to Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct). [5] The IUCN Red List agreed with this assessment on the 9th of August 2019. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IUCN Red List</span> Inventory of the global conservation status of biological species

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern lapwing</span> Species of bird

The northern lapwing, also known as the peewit or pewit, tuit or tewit, green plover, or pyewipe or just lapwing, is a bird in the lapwing subfamily. It is common through temperate Eurosiberia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lapwing</span> Subfamily of birds

Lapwings are any of various ground-nesting birds akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from 10 to 16 inches in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, wailing cry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-tailed lapwing</span> Species of bird

The white-tailed lapwing or white-tailed plover is a wader in the lapwing genus. The genus name Vanellus is Medieval Latin for a lapwing and derives from vannus a winnowing fan. The specific leucurus is from Ancient Greek leukouros, "white-tailed".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sociable lapwing</span> Species of bird

The sociable lapwing, referred to as the sociable plover in the UK, is a wader in the plover family. It is a fully migratory bird, breeding in Kazakhstan and wintering in the Middle East, Indian Subcontinent, and Sudan. Historical literature referred to this bird as the Black-bellied lapwing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-crowned lapwing</span> Species of bird

The white-crowned lapwing, white-headed lapwing, white-headed plover or white-crowned plover is a medium-sized wader. It is resident throughout tropical Africa, usually near large rivers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spur-winged lapwing</span> Species of bird

The spur-winged lapwing or spur-winged plover is a lapwing species, one of a group of largish waders in the family Charadriidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-wattled lapwing</span> Species of bird

The yellow-wattled lapwing is a lapwing that is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. It is found mainly on the dry plains of peninsular India and has a sharp call and is capable of fast flight. Although they do not migrate, they are known to make seasonal movements in response to rains. They are dull grey brown with a black cap, yellow legs and a triangular wattle at the base of the beak. Like other lapwings and plovers, they are ground birds and their nest is a mere collection of tiny pebbles within which their well camouflaged eggs are laid. The chicks are nidifugous, leaving the nest shortly after hatching and following their parents to forage for food.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African wattled lapwing</span> Species of bird

The African wattled lapwing, also known as the Senegal wattled plover or simply wattled lapwing, is a large lapwing, a group of largish waders in the family Charadriidae. It is a resident breeder in most of sub-Saharan Africa outside the rainforests, although it has seasonal movements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-headed lapwing</span> Species of bird

The black-headed lapwing or black-headed plover is a large lapwing, a group of largish waders in the family Charadriidae. It is a resident breeder across sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia, although it has seasonal movements. It lays two or three eggs on a ground scrape.

<i>Vanellus</i> Genus of birds

Vanellus is the genus of waders which provisionally contains all lapwings except red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus. The name "vanellus" is Latin for "little fan", vanellus being the diminutive of vannus. The name is in reference to the sound lapwings' wings make in flight.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern lapwing</span> Species of bird from South America

The southern lapwing, commonly called quero-quero in Brazil, or tero in Argentina and Uruguay, tero-tero in Paraguay, and queltehue in Chile is a wader in the order Charadriiformes. It is a common and widespread resident throughout South America, except in densely forested regions, the higher parts of the Andes, and the arid coast of a large part of western South America. This bird is particularly common in the basin of the Río de la Plata. It has also been spreading through Central America in recent years. It reached Trinidad in 1961, Tobago in 1974, and has rapidly increased on both islands, sporadically making its way North to Barbados where one pair mated, nested, and produced chicks in 2007. There have been sightings reported in North America with a verified sighting of a bird in Texas posted on Birda on the 17th April 2024.

The conservation status of a group of organisms indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status: not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, and known threats. Various systems of conservation status are in use at international, multi-country, national and local levels, as well as for consumer use such as sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification. The two international systems are by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-winged lapwing</span> Species of bird

The black-winged lapwing or greater black-winged lapwing is an east African species that is found from the Ethiopian highlands in the north to central Kenya, and again at middle to coastal elevations in eastern South Africa. It is a habitat specialist of short grass in well-watered temperate grasslands. They may move about locally to find ideal situations, often at night. In their tightly grouped flying flocks they resemble plovers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blacksmith lapwing</span> Species of bird

The blacksmith lapwing or blacksmith plover is a lapwing species that occurs commonly from Kenya through central Tanzania to southern and southwestern Africa. The vernacular name derives from the repeated metallic 'tink, tink, tink' alarm call, which suggests a blacksmith's hammer striking an anvil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crowned lapwing</span> Species of bird

The crowned lapwing, or crowned plover, is a bird of the lapwing subfamily that occurs contiguously from the Red Sea coast of Somalia to southern and southwestern Africa. It is an adaptable and numerous species, with bold and noisy habits. It is related to the more localized black-winged and Senegal lapwings, with which it shares some plumage characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Critically Endangered</span> IUCN conservation category

An IUCN Red List Critically Endangered species is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. As of December 2023, of the 157,190 species currently on the IUCN Red List, 9,760 of those are listed as Critically Endangered, with 1,302 being possibly extinct and 67 possibly extinct in the wild.

August Spennemann was a German amateur ornithologist who lived in Java for 25 years (1915–1940). During his Indonesian years he resided mostly at Pegadenbaru, Subang regency, and Bandung, in the province of West Java. After 1930 he reportedly lived at Parakansalam near Purwakarta, also in West Java, until he was interned by the Dutch in May 1940. He died in an allied prison camp in then British India. While he was living in West Java he compiled an account of his observations in the late 1920s of the Javan lapwing, near Pamanukan in West Java province. The typescript of his notes was lost until 2000 when it turned up at the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam. His notebook was located as well, indicating that he lastly observed the lapwings in 1931. Spennemann's notes include descriptions of the hitherto unrecorded behaviour and calls of the poorly known bird, which was last seen in 1940 and is now probably extinct.

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References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2019). "Vanellus macropterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T22693962A156373575. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22693962A156373575.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. "Vanellus macropterus". IUCN Red Data Book. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006.
  3. van Balen, S. & Nijman, V. (2007). "New information on the Critically Endangered Javanese Lapwing Vanellus macropterus, based mainly on unpublished notes by August Spennemann (c.1878-1945)". Bird Conservation International. 17 (3): 225–234. doi:10.1017/S0959270907000810.
  4. Iqbal, M.; Lestiyanto, T.; Wibowo, W.K.; Taufiqurrahman, I.; and Nazar, L. (2013). "In search of the Javanese Lapwing Vanellus macropterus 2001-2012". BirdingASIA. 19: 68–72.
  5. Butchart, Stuart H.M.; Lowe, Stephen; Martin, Rob W.; Symes, Andy; Westrip, James R.S.; Wheatley, Hannah (2018-11-01). "Which bird species have gone extinct? A novel quantitative classification approach". Biological Conservation. 227: 9–18. Bibcode:2018BCons.227....9B. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.08.014. ISSN   0006-3207. S2CID   91481736.