Related Research Articles
In international relations,power is defined in several different ways. Material definitions of state power emphasize economic and military power. Other definitions of power emphasize the ability to structure and constitute the nature of social relations between actors. Power is an attribute of particular actors in their interactions,as well as a social process that constitutes the social identities and capacities of actors.
Foreign policy,also known as external policy,is the set of strategies and actions a state employs in its interactions with other states,unions,and international entities. It encompasses a wide range of objectives,including defense and security,economic benefits,and humanitarian assistance. The formulation of foreign policy is influenced by various factors such as domestic considerations,the behavior of other states,and geopolitical strategies. Historically,the practice of foreign policy has evolved from managing short-term crises to addressing long-term international relations,with diplomatic corps playing a crucial role in its development.
John Lewis Gaddis is an American military historian,political scientist,and writer. He is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. He is best known for his work on the Cold War and grand strategy,and he has been hailed as the "Dean of Cold War Historians" by The New York Times. Gaddis is also the official biographer of the prominent 20th-century American diplomat and historian George F. Kennan. George F. Kennan:An American Life (2011),his biography of Kennan,won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography.
"China's peaceful rise",currently referred to as "China's peaceful development",is an official policy and political slogan in China implemented under former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao. It sought to assure the international community that China's growing political,economic,and military power would not pose a threat to international peace and security.
Globalism has multiple meanings. In political science,it is used to describe "attempts to understand all of the interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight patterns that underlie them". While primarily associated with world-systems,it can be used to describe other global trends. The concept of globalism is also classically used to focus on ideologies of globalization instead of its processes;in this sense,"globalism" is to globalization what "nationalism" is to nationality.
Realism,a school of thought in international relations theory,is a theoretical framework that views world politics as an enduring competition among self-interested states vying for power and positioning within an anarchic global system devoid of a centralized authority. It centers on states as rational primary actors navigating a system shaped by power politics,national interest,and a pursuit of security and self-preservation.
Polarity in international relations is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system. It describes the nature of the international system at any given period of time. One generally distinguishes three types of systems:unipolarity,bipolarity,and multipolarity for three or more centers of power. The type of system is completely dependent on the distribution of power and influence of states in a region or globally.
Gilford John Ikenberry is an American political scientist. He is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. Known for his work on international relations theories,such as books After Victory (2001) and Liberal Leviathan (2011),he has been described as "the world's leading scholar of the liberal international order."
The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others. If one state becomes much stronger,the theory predicts it will take advantage of its weaker neighbors,thereby driving them to unite in a defensive coalition. Some realists maintain that a balance-of-power system is more stable than one with a dominant state,as aggression is unprofitable when there is equilibrium of power between rival coalitions.
Robert Jeffrey Art is Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations at Brandeis University,and Fellow at MIT Center for International Studies. He subscribes to the theory of neorealism,which argues that force still underlies the power structure in the modern world. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations,a United States nonprofit think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.
This is an English language bibliography of scholarly books and articles on the Cold War. Because of the extent of the Cold War,the conflict is well documented.
Odd Arne Westad FBA is a Norwegian historian specializing in the Cold War and contemporary East Asian history. He is the Elihu Professor of History and Global Affairs at Yale University,where he teaches in the Yale History Department and in the Jackson School of Global Affairs. Previously,Westad held the S.T. Lee Chair of US-Asia Relations at Harvard University,teaching in the John F. Kennedy School of Government. He has also taught at the London School of Economics,where he served as director of LSE IDEAS. In the spring semester 2019 Westad was Boeing Company Chair in International Relations at Schwarzman College,Tsinghua University.
Randall L. Schweller is Professor of Political Science at the Ohio State University,where he has taught since 1994. He is a current member of the International Security editorial board and former Editor-in-Chief of the journal Security Studies.
As soon as the term "Cold War" was popularized to refer to postwar tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union,interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians,political scientists and journalists. In particular,historians have sharply disagreed as to who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet Union–United States relations after the World War II and whether the conflict between the two superpowers was inevitable,or could have been avoided. Historians have also disagreed on what exactly the Cold War was,what the sources of the conflict were and how to disentangle patterns of action and reaction between the two sides. While the explanations of the origins of the conflict in academic discussions are complex and diverse,several general schools of thought on the subject can be identified. Historians commonly speak of three differing approaches to the study of the Cold War:"orthodox" accounts,"revisionism" and "post-revisionism". However,much of the historiography on the Cold War weaves together two or even all three of these broad categories and more recent scholars have tended to address issues that transcend the concerns of all three schools.
Yan Xuetong is a Chinese political scientist and serves as a distinguished professor and dean of the Institute of International Relations at Tsinghua University. Yan is one of the major Chinese figures in the study of international relations (IR). He is the founder of 'moral realism',a neoclassical realist theoretical paradigm in IR theory. His moral realist theory is based on political determinism.
Daniel W. Drezner is an American political scientist. He is known for his scholarship and commentary on International Relations and International Political Economy.
Neoclassical realism is a theory of international relations and an approach to foreign policy analysis. Initially coined by Gideon Rose in a 1998 World Politics review article,it is a combination of classical realist and neorealist –particularly defensive realist –theories.
Melvyn Paul Leffler is an American historian and educator,currently Edward Stettinius Professor of History at the University of Virginia. He is the winner of numerous awards,including the Bancroft Prize for his book A Preponderance of Power:National Security,the Truman Administration and the Cold War,and the American Historical Association’s George Louis Beer Prize for his book For the Soul of Mankind:The United States,the Soviet Union,and the Cold War.
David S. Painter is an associate professor of international history at Georgetown University. He is a leading scholar of the Cold War and United States foreign policy during the 20th century,with particular emphasis on their relation to oil.
Elizabeth C. Economy is an American political scientist,foreign policy analyst,and expert on China's politics and foreign policy. She was a Senior Advisor for China to the Secretary of Commerce in the Biden administration and Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
References
- 1 2 3 "Engagements: Hatfield-Legro". Concord Monitor. Concord, New Hampshire. November 3, 1990. p. 18. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kelly, Jane (August 17, 2012). "Legro Appointed Vice Provost for Global Affairs". University of Virginia. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 "UVa vice provost to become UR provost". The Daily Progress. Charlottesville, Virginia. May 6, 2017. p. A3. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 "Professor Jeff Legro". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Faculty/Staff Bios: Dr. Jeff Legro". University of Richmond. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "About". Richmond World Affairs Council. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- 1 2 3 "Professor Jeffrey W. Legro". United States-India Educational Foundation . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 Brehio, Alys (1992). "Doctoral Dissertations in Political Science, 1992". PS: Political Science and Politics. 25 (4). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: 835–850. doi:10.1017/S1049096500036969. JSTOR 419695 . Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- 1 2 3 Legro, Jeffrey W. (2013-09-12). Cooperation Under Fire: Anglo-German Restraint during World War II. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7904-5.
- ↑ Shoup, Ella (January 23, 2015). "Global Internships seeks to place students in internships abroad". Cavalier Daily. University of Virginia. ProQuest 1647653707 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Quinzon, Derek (October 25, 2015). "UVa creates award for first U.N. envoy". The Roanoke Times. Roanoke, Virginia. p. 16. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "University of Richmond names Jeffrey Legro as provost and vice president for academic affairs". University of Richmond. May 4, 2017. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Simon Award for Campus Internationalization: Selected Institutions". NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Strickland, Anais (May 21, 2017). "Appointments, Resignations, Deaths (5/26/2017)". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 Pomeroy, Eileen; Llanos, Jackie (September 1, 2022). "Jeffrey Legro to step down as executive vice president, provost at end of academic year" . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Mattingly, Justin (April 1, 2020). "Studying abroad remains popular at local colleges". Danville Register and Bee. Danville, Virginia. p. A3. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Kolenich, Eric (October 7, 2020). "Studying abroad remains popular at local colleges". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. p. A5. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "UR president, vice presidents and academic deans taking salary reductions". The Collegian. University of Richmond. April 29, 2020. ProQuest 2396030523 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Kolenich, Eric (September 8, 2022). "University of Richmond provost to step down but continue teaching". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Officers". American Political Science Association. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Organized Section Update". PS: Political Science and Politics. 43 (1). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: 193–204. 2010. doi:10.1017/S1049096510990951. JSTOR 25699328 . Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ↑ Rudder, Catherine E. (2000). "Executive Director's Report". PS: Political Science & Politics. 33 (3): 667–674. doi:10.1017/S1049096500061795. ISSN 1049-0965.
- ↑ "Association News". PS: Political Science and Politics. 34 (3). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: 701–739. 2001. JSTOR 1353569 . Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ↑ "Front Matter". PS: Political Science and Politics. 34 (1). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: i–194. 2001. JSTOR 1350301 . Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ↑ Katzenstein, Peter; Legro, Jeffrey (2009-10-05). "Think Again: America's Image". Foreign Policy . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Brintnall, Michael (2010). "APSA Executive Director's Report, 2009". PS: Political Science & Politics. 43 (1): 172–180. doi:10.1017/S1049096510990987. ISSN 1049-0965.
- ↑ Lindberg, Tod (October 29, 2009). "Standing Down: How popular should America want to be?". The Weekly Standard. p. 25.
- ↑ "Jeffrey Legro (India's Preferences and International Order)". Fulbright Scholar Program. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Jeffrey Legro (American Foreign Policy and International Relations: The United States in the Chinese Political Imagination)". Fulbright Scholar Program. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Schrodt, Philip A. (April 1996). "Review: Major Power Cooperation Amid Conflict". Mershon International Studies Review. 40 (1): 112–115. doi:10.2307/222647. JSTOR 222647 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 Legro, Jeffrey W. (2005). Rethinking the World: Great Power Strategies and International Order. Ithaca (N. Y.): Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7383-8.
- ↑ Ikenberry, G. John (September–October 2005). "Review: Rethinking the World: Great Power Strategies and International Order by Jeffrey W. Legro". Foreign Affairs. 84 (5). Council on Foreign Relations: 169. JSTOR 20031719 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Rosato, Sebastian (June 2006). "Review: Revolutionary Thinking". International Studies Review. 8 (2): 285–287. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2006.00575.x. JSTOR 3880227 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine". April 21, 2008. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Mead, Walter Russell (November–December 2008). "Review: To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine by Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro". Foreign Affairs. 87 (6). Council on Foreign Relations: 164. JSTOR 20699396 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 Leffler, Melvyn P.; Legro, Jeffrey (2011). In Uncertain Times. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7619-8. OCLC 687614864.
- ↑ Schneider, Norah (Summer 2012). "Reviewed Work(s): In Uncertain Times: American Foreign Policy after the Berlin Wall and 9/11 by Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro". Naval War College Review. 65 (3): 156–157. JSTOR 26397316 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 3 Hitchcock, William I.; Leffler, Melvyn P.; Legro, Jeffrey W. (2016-04-05). Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-66021-2.
- ↑ Ikenberry, G. John (August 10, 2016). "Review: Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World; Accommodating Rising Powers: Past, Present, and Future". Foreign Affairs. 95 (5). Council on Foreign Relations: 165–166. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Krylova, Yulia V. (August 2018). "Book Review: Shaper Nations: Strategies for a Changing World by William I. Hitchcock, Melvyn P. Leffler & Jeffrey W. Legro". International Social Science Review. 94 (2): 1–2. JSTOR 90024892 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "The Classes: '82". Middlebury Magazine. Vol. 65, no. 4. Middlebury, Vermont: Middlebury College. Autumn 1991. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Families". Middlebury Magazine. Vol. 68, no. 4. Middlebury, Vermont: Middlebury College. Fall 1994. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ "Class Connection: 1982". Middlebury Magazine. Vol. 71, no. 4. Middlebury, Vermont: Middlebury College. Fall 1997. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- 1 2 Leffler, Melvyn P.; Legro, Jeffrey W. (2008-07-21). To Lead the World: U.S. Strategy after the Bush Doctrine. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536941-0.
- ↑ Allison, Graham T., ed. (1990). A Primer for the Nuclear Age. Lanham, Md.: Univ. Pr. of America. ISBN 0-8191-7701-6.
- ↑ Katzenstein, Peter J., ed. (1996). The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10469-2.
- ↑ Duffy, Michael; Farrell, Theo; Sloan, Geoffrey, eds. (2000). Strategic Policy Studies 3: Culture and Command. Exeter: SPSG. pp. 11–26.
- ↑ Ross, Robert S.; Feng, Zhu, eds. (2008-08-14). China's Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4691-7. OCLC 193913057.
- ↑ Drezner, Daniel W., ed. (2009). Avoiding Trivia: The Role of Strategic Planning in American Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-0306-8. OCLC 294886453.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2011-09-01). "Sell Unipolarity? The Future of an Overvalued Concept". In Ikenberry, G. John; Mastanduno, Michael; Wohlforth, William C. (eds.). International Relations Theory and the Consequences of Unipolarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 342–366. ISBN 978-1-107-01170-0.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2011). "The Omnipower: The United States and Regional Orders". In Nabers, Dirk; Godehardt, Nadine (eds.). Regional Powers and Regional Orders. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-81598-4. OCLC 644680481.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2015). "Sovereignty American Style: Protecting Apple Pie, Fixing Foreign Recipes". America, China, and the Struggle for World Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 19–42. doi:10.1057/9781137508317_2. ISBN 978-1-349-55327-3.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (December 1989). "The Military Meaning of the New Soviet Doctrine". Parameters . 19 (1). United States Army War College Press: 80–92. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.1529. ISSN 0031-1723 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Fundamentals of Force Planning: Volume I: Concepts. Newport, R.I.: Naval War College Press. 1990. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Blackwill, Robert D.; Legro, Jeffrey W. (Winter 1989–1990). "Constraining Ground Force Exercises of NATO and the Warsaw Pact". International Security. 14 (3): 68–98. doi:10.2307/2538932. JSTOR 2538932 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (1989). "Soviet Crisis Decision-Making and the Gorbachev Reforms". Survival . 31 (4): 339–358. doi:10.1080/00396338908442478. ISSN 0039-6338.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey (1989). "Soviet Crisis Decision-Making and the Gorbachev Reforms". RAND Corporation. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey (1990). "Trip Report: Admiral Crowe's Visit to the Soviet Union, March 17–25, 1990". RAND Corporation . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (Spring 1994). "Military Culture and Inadvertent Escalation in World War II". International Security . 18 (4): 108–142. doi:10.2307/2539179. JSTOR 2539179 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (March 1996). "Culture and Preferences in the International Cooperation Two-Step". American Political Science Review . 90 (1): 118–137. doi:10.2307/2082802. JSTOR 2082802 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Farrell, Theo, ed. (2009-11-20). Security Studies. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-45601-2.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (Winter 1997). "Which Norms Matter? Revisiting the "Failure" of Internationalism". International Organization . 51 (1): 31–63. doi:10.1162/002081897550294. JSTOR 2703951 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Simmons, Beth A.; Steinberg, Richard H., eds. (2007-04-09). International Law and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67991-6.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W.; Moravcsik, Andrew (Fall 1999). "Is Anybody Still a Realist?". International Security . 24 (2): 5–55. doi:10.1162/016228899560130. JSTOR 2539248 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Elman, Colin; Jensen, Michael, eds. (2014-08-12). The Realism Reader. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-93713-5.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (July 2000). "The Transformation of Policy Ideas". American Journal of Political Science . 44 (3): 419–432. doi:10.2307/2669256. JSTOR 2669256 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2000). "Whence American Internationalism". International Organization . 54 (2): 253–289. doi:10.1162/002081800551172. ISSN 0020-8183.
- ↑ Ikenberry, G. John; Trubowitz, Peter, eds. (2014). American Foreign Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-935083-4.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W.; Moravcsik, Andrew (2001). "Faux Realism: Spin vs. Substance in the Bush Foreign Policy Doctrine". Foreign Policy (125): 80. doi:10.2307/3183332. JSTOR 3183332.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (September 2007). "What China Will Want: The Future Intentions of a Rising Power". Perspectives on Politics . 5 (3): 515–534. doi:10.1017/S1537592707071526. JSTOR 20446501 . Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ↑ Nau, Henry R., ed. (2009-12-14). International Relations in Perspective. Washington, D.C: CQ Press. ISBN 978-1-60426-993-2. OCLC 453820545.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2009). "The Plasticity of Identity under Anarchy". European Journal of International Relations . 15 (1): 37–65. doi:10.1177/1354066108100052. ISSN 1354-0661.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2011). "The Mix That Makes Unipolarity: Hegemonic Purpose and International Constraints". Cambridge Review of International Affairs . 24 (2). Informa UK Limited: 185–199. doi:10.1080/09557571.2011.558490. ISSN 0955-7571.
- ↑ Legro, Jeffrey W. (2012). "The Politics of the New Global Architecture: The United States and India". Strategic Analysis . 36 (4): 640–644. doi:10.1080/09700161.2012.689533. ISSN 0970-0161.