John Palfrey | |
---|---|
Born | John Gorham Palfrey VII 1972 (age 51–52) |
Education | Harvard University (BA, JD) Pembroke College, Cambridge (MPhil) |
Employer(s) | MacArthur Foundation 2019–present [1] Andover 2012–2019 Berkman Center 2002–2008 [2] Harvard Law School 2003–2011 [3] |
Notable work | Born Digital |
Spouse | Catherine Carter |
Relatives | Quentin Palfrey (brother) John Palfrey (grandfather) Kermit Roosevelt (great-great-grandfather) |
Family | Roosevelt family |
John Gorham Palfrey VII (born 1972) is an American educator, scholar, and law professor. He is an authority on the legal aspects of emerging media and an advocate for Internet freedom, including increased online transparency [4] [5] and accountability [6] [7] as well as child safety. [8] In March 2019, he was named the president of the MacArthur Foundation effective September 1, 2019. [1] Palfrey was the 15th Head of School at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts from 2012 to 2019. [2] He has been an important figure at Harvard Law School and served as executive director of Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet & Society from 2002 to 2008.
Palfrey graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1990. He attended Harvard College and graduated in 1994, magna cum laude . [9] Palfrey was co-captain of Harvard's 1994 undefeated national championship squash team, winning the team's fourth straight national title. [10] He graduated in 1997 from Pembroke College, Cambridge, with an M.Phil. in history. [9] While there, he was distinguished as a Rotary Scholar. Palfrey returned to Boston and graduated from Harvard Law School in 2001. [2] [11] [12] Palfrey served as finance director in Boston for the campaign of Lois Pines for the position of Massachusetts Attorney General. [9]
Palfrey served as executive director of Harvard University's Berkman Center for Internet and Society. [2] [13] He studied Internet usage and attitudes; according to his assessment, an important aspect of the digital revolution was the "massive generation gap" between those who were "born digital"—i.e., after 1980—and those who were not. [5] Beginning in 2010, he helped promote a Berkman project entitled the Digital Public Library of America, which is an effort funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and others to enable a large-scale public file-sharing digital library. [7] [14] Palfrey described the online storehouse stocked with millions of digitized books as being one which "will contain everything we can get our hands on." [7] The project began by offering noncopyrighted material but there are efforts to offer copyrighted material in the future with a fee-based arrangement that compensates copyright holders. [7] Palfrey served as the founding chairman of the Digital Public Library of America when it became a stand-alone entity, serving in that role until 2015. [15] Berkman, under his leadership, also initiated efforts to combat malware, spyware and computer viruses with a program called StopBadware. [5] [16] [17]
In 2003, Palfrey was appointed to the faculty of Harvard Law School, partly hired by Elena Kagan, [3] and his research interests included intellectual property issues such as copyright law, Internet law, and international law. [2] He served as a visiting professor of Law and Information at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, from 2007 to 2008. [18] He served as the vice-dean of library and information services at the Harvard Law School's library, [19] [20] [21] and led a reorganization effort in 2009. [22] He was appointed to the vice-dean post in 2008. [23] He was also awarded tenure at the Harvard Law School in 2008. [23]
In 2012, Palfrey became the head of school at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. [19] He was the fifteenth person to serve as the academy's head of school, and his investiture was celebrated on September 26, 2012. [24] While at Andover, he was elected as the chairperson of the Knight Foundation, a charitable organization which focuses on how information can improve democratic institutions. [25] He was profiled in Town and Country magazine in 2015. [26] During his tenure at Phillips Academy, the school was the only one of its kind to maintain need blind admissions and reached a high of 86 per cent admissions yield, setting records both for applications and yield. [27]
Palfrey was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021. [28]
Palfrey is regarded as an authority about how people use technology, including how they relate to information and engage in politics in emerging digital media such as the Internet. [29] [30] According to Palfrey, digital natives (those born after 1980 and who grew up with the Internet) are more likely to "see relationships differently" as well as access information in new ways from previous generations. [31] He is a supporter of information sharing while maintaining copyrights:
We should figure out how to offer legitimate services that enable people to be accountable to one another online, using innovations like Creative Commons licenses, which make sharing legitimately much easier.
In 2008, Palfrey served as the chair of the Internet Safety Technical Task Force, a year-long national effort to explore how children could "avoid unwanted contact and content" online. [8] [32] [33] [34] He believes digital literacy should be an important public issue in schools so that kids can "sort credible from non-credible information". [35] Palfrey testified before Congress on child safety issues in the digital age. [36] He advocated flexibility in legal solutions for coping with cyberbullying, which happens when "kids treat one another awfully online", [35] and he recommended that laws not be too tied to specific technologies. [21] He is a fan of Wikipedia:
I would use Wikipedia. I think it's a fabulous, fabulous place to turn. Because some of the information is absolutely credible and really useful.
In his book Born Digital, Palfrey and co-author Urs Gasser argued that solutions to bad behavior online could combine parental oversight, public education, responsible behavior by corporations, and only use punitive laws as a last resort. [37] Born Digital was described as "a landmark sociological study of today's early adults". [38] The book was reviewed in the journal Science [39] and the Washington Post . [37] Reviewer Amanda Henry described the authors as "knowledgeable but never pedantic". [37] Library Journal named Born Digital one of its top Science and Technology books for 2008, the only computer science book named to this list. [40] [41] According to one account, Palfrey urged his fellow Harvard Law School professor Lawrence Lessig to run for Congress. [42] Palfrey was a member of a pro bono legal team that helped defend street artist Shepard Fairey in a "fair use" case involving an Associated Press photograph of Barack Obama in his Hope poster. [43]
Palfrey urged Congress to write legislation to discourage prominent Internet firms such as Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and Cisco Systems from bending to pressure by foreign governments to censor web information or forcing them to reveal the identities of dissidents, [4] as part of the Open Net Initiative. [44] [45] His work on how Internet usage can affect politics within democracies was cited as influential to the dissidents in Iran responsible for the Green Revolution. These references resulted in his being named by the Iranian government, along with colleague Ethan Zuckerman, as a so-called "conspirator" in the trials that took place in Iran in 2009 and 2010. [46] Palfrey commented in the Boston Globe about how political campaigns in the United States were increasingly being carried out in cyberspace. [13]
In 2023, Palfrey highlights the challenges of defining derivative works in copyright law, particularly with AI's evolving role. He suggests that the legal interpretation may become more complex as AI advances. Palfrey also emphasizes the need to reevaluate Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act to address AI-driven deception. He advocates for a more comprehensive regulatory approach in line with international models. [47]
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Palfrey emphasizes that while for-profit information sources like Google and Amazon are prevalent, they serve a different purpose—primarily profit rather than public access to knowledge. [48]
In his book, BiblioTech: Why Libraries Matter More Than Ever In An Age of Google, [49] Palfrey describes it as a "love letter to libraries" and argues that they are essential to the 21st-century information landscape. [50]
Palfrey's parents are both professors of medicine with a specialty in pediatrics. His mother, Judith Palfrey, was the chief of general pediatrics at Boston Children's Hospital and is a professor emeritus of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. [9] His father, Sean Palfrey, is a professor emeritus of clinical pediatrics at Boston University Medical School. [9] Palfrey's parents served as faculty deans of Adams House at Harvard College. [51] Palfrey is a great-great-grandson of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. [52] His family has many connections to Harvard University, including through his ancestor, John G. Palfrey, the first dean of the Harvard Divinity School and prominent historian of the 19th century. [53] Palfrey married Catherine Carter in 1998. [9] [4] In 2003, the Palfrey House in Cambridge, MA, which had been built in 1831 by an ancestor, was relocated to Hammond Street. [54]
Palfrey's father was born John Gorham Palfrey, III, and is a 1967 graduate of Harvard, as is his mother, born Judith Swann Sullivan. His father is also considered John Gorham Palfrey, IV or John Palfrey, VI. He had a younger brother who didn't live for a day (December 5, 1946) and a younger sister, Antonia Ford Palfrey, named for their 3rd great-grandmother, Antonia (née Ford) Willard.
John's 2nd great-grandfather, John Carver Palfrey (1833–1906), served in the United States Civil War, as did his 3rd great-uncle, Francis Winthrop Palfrey (1831–1889). His great-grandfather, John Gorham Palfrey II (1875–1945) was an 1896 graduate of Harvard and a lawyer in Boston. His grandfather, John Gorham Palfrey, Jr. or the III (1919–1979), was a 1940 graduate of Harvard, served in World War II, was appointed to the Atomic Energy Commission by President John F. Kennedy, and was a professor at Columbia University from 1952 until his death in 1979, concurrently serving as dean of Columbia College from 1958 to 1962. [55] [56]
His grandmother was Belle Wyatt "Clochette" [57] Roosevelt Palfrey (1919–1985), a daughter of Kermit Roosevelt, sister of Kermit Roosevelt Jr., sister of Joseph Willard Roosevelt, granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt, first cousin, once removed of Eleanor Roosevelt, and fifth cousin, twice removed of Franklin D. Roosevelt. His 2nd great-grandfather was Joseph Edward Willard, lieutenant governor of Virginia and United States Ambassador to Spain.
Through his Roosevelt side, his first cousin, once removed is Mark Roosevelt and second cousin is Kermit Roosevelt III.
Phillips Academy is a co-educational college-preparatory school for boarding and day students located in Andover, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. The academy enrolls approximately 1,150 students in grades 9 through 12, including postgraduate students. It is part of the Eight Schools Association and the Ten Schools Admission Organization.
Jonathan L. Zittrain is an American professor of Internet law and the George Bemis Professor of International Law at Harvard Law School. He is also a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School, a professor of computer science at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and co-founder and director of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society. Previously, Zittrain was Professor of Internet Governance and Regulation at the Oxford Internet Institute of the University of Oxford and visiting professor at the New York University School of Law and Stanford Law School. He is the author of The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It as well as co-editor of the books, Access Denied, Access Controlled, and Access Contested.
The Boston Brahmins, or Boston elite, are members of Boston's historic upper class. From the late 19th century through the mid-20th century, they were often associated with a cultivated New England accent, Harvard University, Anglicanism, and traditional British-American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists are typically considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins. They are considered White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs).
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, the center was elevated to an interfaculty initiative of Harvard University as a whole. It is named after the Berkman family. On July 5, 2016, the center added "Klein" to its name following a gift of $15 million from Michael R. Klein.
Judith Swann Palfrey is an American pediatrician and author. She is the T. Berry Brazelton Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and the author of Community Child Health: An Action Plan for Today (1995) and Child Health In America: Making A Difference Through Advocacy (2006), and co-editor of Global Child Health Advocacy (2014) and the Disney Encyclopedia of Baby and Childcare (1995). She is also the former Faculty Dean of Adams House at Harvard University along with her husband Sean Palfrey who is also a pediatrician in Boston.
The Governor's Academy is a co-educational, college-preparatory day and boarding school in Byfield, Massachusetts. Established in 1763 in memory of Massachusetts governor William Dummer, Governor's is the oldest boarding school in New England.
The OpenNet Initiative (ONI) was a joint project whose goal was to monitor and report on internet filtering and surveillance practices by nations. Started in 2002, the project employed a number of technical means, as well as an international network of investigators, to determine the extent and nature of government-run internet filtering programs. Participating academic institutions included the Citizen Lab at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto; Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School; the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) at University of Oxford; and, The SecDev Group, which took over from the Advanced Network Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme, University of Cambridge.
Ethan Zuckerman is an American media scholar, blogger, and Internet activist. He was the director of the MIT Center for Civic Media, and Associate Professor of the Practice in Media Arts and Sciences at MIT until May 2020, and the author of the 2013 book Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection, which won the Zócalo Book Prize. In 2020, he became an associate professor of public policy, communication and information at the University of Massachusetts.
Charles Rothwell Nesson is an American legal scholar. He is the William F. Weld Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the founder of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society and of the Global Poker Strategic Thinking Society. He is the author of Evidence, with Murray and Green, and has participated in several cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, including the landmark case Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals.
StopBadware was an anti-malware nonprofit organization focused on making the Web safer through the prevention, mitigation, and remediation of badware websites. It is the successor to StopBadware.org, a project started in 2006 at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University. It spun off to become a standalone organization, and dropped the ".org" in its name, in January 2010.
John Gorham Palfrey was an American clergyman and historian who served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. A Unitarian minister, he played a leading role in the early history of Harvard Divinity School, and he later became involved in politics as a State Representative and U.S. Congressman.
William "Terry" W. Fisher III is the WilmerHale Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Harvard Law School and faculty director of the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society. His primary research and teaching areas are intellectual property law and legal history.
Francis Winthrop Palfrey (1831–1889) was an American historian and Civil War officer.
David Weinberger is an American author, technologist, and speaker. Trained as a philosopher, Weinberger's work focuses on how technology — particularly the internet and machine learning — is changing our ideas, with books about the effect of machine learning’s complex models on business strategy and sense of meaning; order and organization in the digital age; the networking of knowledge; the Net's effect on core concepts of self and place; and the shifts in relationships between businesses and their markets.
The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after two-and-a-half years of development.
Quentin Palfrey is an American lawyer, policymaker, and politician. He currently serves as Director of Federal Funds and Infrastructure in the Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance. He previously served as the Executive Director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) North America and is the Co-Director of the Global Access in Action project at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society.
James W. Mickens is an American computer scientist and the Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University. His research focuses on distributed systems, such as large-scale services and ways to make them more secure. He is critical of machine learning as a boilerplate solution to most outstanding computational problems.
The Center for Research on Computation and Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on interdisciplinary research combining computer science with social sciences. It is based in Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. It is currently directed by Milind Tambe.
John Gorham Palfrey Jr. was an American academic, administrator, and government official. He was a professor at law at Columbia University and served as dean of Columbia College from 1958 to 1962. He also served on the United States Atomic Energy Commission from 1962 to 1966.
Professor John G. Palfrey '94 is leaving Harvard Law School to take the position of Head of School at Phillips Academy Andover, according to announcements from both schools.
(Elena Kagan) ... said John Palfrey, a law professor who was hired at Harvard by Ms. Kagan. ...
... John Palfrey Jr. ... said a good first step for the companies would be to adopt a voluntary code of ethics that would help them resist government pressure to censor the Internet and turn in dissidents. ...
... John Palfrey seek to combat malware, spyware and viruses. With backing from Google and others, Berkman launches StopBadware.org as a neighborhood watch to shame and stop "badware" purveyors.
We should figure out how to offer legitimate services that enable people to be accountable to one another online, using innovations like Creative Commons licenses, ...
"Everybody will get to use it, and it will contain everything we can get our hands on," said John Palfrey, ...
Leading Internet scholars at Harvard University will convene a year-long task force to explore how children can avoid unwanted contact and content ... John Palfrey, Berkman's executive director.
Catherine Anne Carter, a daughter of Mary and John Carter of Kew Gardens, Queens, was married yesterday to John Gorham Palfrey Jr., ...
... One of the big changes in politics is the emergence of campaigns that are fought out ... in cyberspace. ...
A corporate-backed Web site ... John Palfrey, executive director of Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, ...
vice-dean of library and information services, a role vacated by Law School professor John G. Palfrey '94, who accepted the position of Head of School at Phillips Academy Andover.
John Palfrey ... makes much more sense than trying to create a new statute to cover in a specific way every new fast-moving technology fad. ...
Cyber law expert John G. Palfrey '94 will take over as director of the Harvard Law School Library and become a tenured professor at the Law School, school officials announced yesterday.
Palfrey: people who were born today ... may well see relationships differently, they may see institutions differently, they may see access to information differently.
... Palfrey and Gasser suggest that any solution ... should combine parental oversight, public education, corporate responsibility and, as a last resort, lawmaking. ...
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Sean G. Palfrey Sr. and his wife Judith Palfrey, co-masters of Adams House, were offered a closer look at the move because Sean Palfrey's great-great-grandfather built the house in 1831 as part of his 12-acre Hazlewood Estate. John G. Palfrey II was the first dean of Harvard Divinity School as well as a historian, U.S. Representative and influential abolitionist.