Mehbooba Mufti Sayed is an Indian politician and leader of the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (PDP),who served as the 9th Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 4 April 2016 to 19 June 2018. She was the first female chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir. After the revocation of Article 370 of the constitution in August 2019,Mufti was detained without any charges at first and later under the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act.
A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency,the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories:the Delhi Legislative Assembly,Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister,he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become the Speaker of the Legislature.
Although India is a parliamentary democracy,the country's politics has become dynastic or with high level of nepotism,possibly due to the absence of party organizations,independent civil-society associations which mobilize support for a party,or centralized financing of elections. The dynastic phenomenon is present at the national,state,regional,and district level. The Nehru–Gandhi family has produced three Indian prime ministers,and family members have largely led the Congress party since 1978. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also has several dynastic leaders. In addition to the major national parties,other national and regional parties such as Shiromani Akali Dal,Shiv Sena,Samajwadi Party,Rashtriya Janata Dal,Janata Dal Secular,Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam,Kerala Congress,Jammu &Kashmir National Conference,Indian Union Muslim League,AIMIM,and the Nationalist Congress Party are all dominated by families,mostly those of the party founders.
Chaudhary Lal Singh is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir. He was Minister for Forest,Environment,Ecology of J&K in PDP-BJP coalition government in J&K. He represented the Basohli in Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.
Madan Lal Sharma was an Indian politician.
Ramkrishna Kusmaria is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He was a five-time Member of Parliament and four-time MLA. He won as MP,four times from Damoh Constituency,and once from Khajuraho Constituency. He was a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.
Chaman Lal Gupta was an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir,belonging to Bharatiya Janata Party. He was union minister of state of defence from 2002 to 2004. Earlier,he held a portfolio of food processing and civil aviation.
Manoj Sinha is an Indian politician serving as the 2nd and the current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. He served as the Minister of State for Communications and Minister of State for Railways in the Government of India. Sinha was elected as Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha,representing Ghazipur for three terms from the Bharatiya Janata Party. Sinha was in the race for the post of UP Chief Minister after 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.
Anurag Singh Thakur is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha from Hamirpur,Himachal Pradesh. He was former Minister of Sports,Youth Affairs and Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Second Modi ministry. His father,Prem Kumar Dhumal was a former Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh.
Amethi is one of the 80 Lok Sabha constituencies in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This constituency covers the entire Amethi district and was created in 1967. Like its neighboring constituency Rae Bareli,it is considered to be a bastion of the Indian National Congress. Its first member of parliament (MP) was Vidya Dhar Bajpai of the Indian National Congress (INC) who was elected in 1967 and held his seat in the next election in 1971. In the 1977 election,Ravindra Pratap Singh of the Janata Party became its MP. Singh was defeated in 1980 by Sanjay Gandhi of the INC. Later the same year,Gandhi died in a plane crash. This forced a by election in 1981 which was won by his brother,Rajiv Gandhi. Gandhi went on to represent this constituency until 1991,when he was assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The subsequent by election held the same year was won by Satish Sharma of the INC. Sharma was re-elected in 1996. Sanjaya Sinh of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) defeated Sharma in the 1998 election. The widow of Rajiv Gandhi,Sonia Gandhi represented this constituency from 1999 to 2004. Her son,Rahul Gandhi,was elected in 2004. He was the fourth MP from the Nehru–Gandhi family since 1980 to represent the seat. Gandhi held the seat till the 2019 election when he was defeated by a margin of 55,000 votes by the BJP's Smriti Irani. Irani was defeated in 2024 by a margin of over 1.67 lakh votes by Kishori Lal Sharma of the Indian National Congress.
The President of India is indirectly elected with Instant-runoff voting by means of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories of India. The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population,as a result of the 42nd Amendment,and extended by the 84th Amendment,with the intention to encourage family planning programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalised for lowering their population growth and development.
Jitendra Singh is an Indian physician and politician who is serving as the 18th Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences since 2024. For Prime Minister's Office;Personnel,Public Grievances and Pensions;Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Space. He was elected to 18th Lok Sabha from Udhampur with the majority of 124,373 votes.
Elections in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir are conducted in accordance with the Constitution of India to elect the representatives of various bodies at national,state and district levels including the 114 seat unicameral Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Parliament of India. The first elections in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir took place between 28 November and 19 December 2020 in the form of by-elections to District Development Councils and municipal and panchayat level bodies. A fresh delimitation process for assembly constituencies began in February–March 2020.
Dr Nirmal Kumar Singh is an Indian politician and was the last Speaker of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of the erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir State. He is a former Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. He is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party. On 1 March 2015,he assumed the charge of the Minister for Power Development and Housing and Urban Development.
Girdhari Lal was an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir,belonging to the National Conference and later the Indian National Congress. He was a member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly,and served as Finance minister of the state for 26 years. He was also a member of the Lok Sabha,elected from the Jammu–Poonch constituencey and the Udhampur constituency. He was known as "The People’s man".
Sheikh Abdul Rashid,popularly known as Engineer Rashid,is a Kashmiri politician and Member of Parliament (MP) from Baramulla in Jammu and Kashmir,India,currently under arrest for advocating Kashmiri separatism. Earlier he was Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Jammu and Kashmir,from the Langate constituency in Handwara. Rasheed is the founder and patron of the Jammu and Kashmir Awami Ittehad Party.
Elections in the Republic of India in 2018 included by-elections to the Lok Sabha,elections to the Rajya Sabha,elections to of eight states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies,councils and local bodies.
Jamyang Tsering Namgyal is an Indian politician and was a Member of Parliament from Ladakh,India's largest parliamentary seat geographically. Namgyal was elected,on 9 November 2018,to be the youngest and 8th Chief Executive Councillor (CEC) of Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council,Leh. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Dhal Singh Bisen is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Balaghat,Madhya Pradesh in the 2019 Indian general election as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Dhalsingh Bisen has been Cabinet Minister in Government of Madhya Pradesh during 2003 till 2005. He has been elected as Member of Legislative Assembly Madhya Pradesh during 1990,1993,1998,2003. Served as Chairman 4th State Finance Commission,Government of Madhya Pradesh during 2011 till 2013.
Guman Singh Damor is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Ratlam,Madhya Pradesh in the 2019 Indian general election as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was earlier an elected representative in Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Jhabua constituency.
