July 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

The Eastern Orthodox cross

July 2 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 4

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 16 by Old Calendar. ^{[note 1]}

For July 3rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on June 20 .

Saints

• Martyr Hyacinth the Cubicularius, of Caesarea in Cappadocia (108) ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [note 2] [note 3]}

• Martyrs Theodotus and Theodota, martyred with St. Hyacinth at Caesarea in Cappadocia (108) ^{[1] [3] [9]}
• Martyrs Diomedes, Eulampius, Asclepiodotus, and Golinduc, who suffered with Saint Hyacinth (108) ^{[1] [3] [9] [10]}

• Saint Celadion, patriarch of Alexandria (167) ^[11]
• Saint Anatolius of Laodicea, Bishop of Laodicea, and his successor, St. Eusebius (3rd century) ^{[1] [12] [13] [note 4]}
• Martyrs Mark and Mocius (4th century) ^{[1] [3] [14] [15] [note 5]}
• Saint Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones ("the Ever-Vigilant"), Constantinople (c. 430) ^{[1] [12] [16] [17] [18]} (see also: January 15, February 23 )
• Saint Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (458) ^{[1] [3] [12] [17] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]}
• Saint Isaias the Solitary, of Scetis and Palestine (491) ^{[1] [12]}
• Saint Symeon the Stylite (the third stylite), of Cilicia (6th century) ^{[1] [12]}
• Martyr Theodota (712) ^{[3] [24] [25]}

Pre-Schism Western saints

• Saint Dathus (Datus), Bishop of Ravenna in Italy (190) ^{[26] [27] [note 6] [note 7]}
• Saints Irenaeus, a deacon, and Mustiola, a noble lady, martyred in Chiusi in Tuscany in Italy under Aurelian for ministering to other martyrs and burying their relics (273) ^{[26] [28] [note 8]}
• Saint Heliodorus of Altino, first bishop of Altinum (Altino) (c. 390) ^{[25] [26] [29] [note 9] [note 10]}
• St. Byblig of Carnarvon (Biblig, Peblig, Piblig, Publicius), Gwynedd, in Wales. ^[26]
• Saint Germanus, Bishop of the Isle of Man and Enlightener of Peel, nephew of St. Patrick of Ireland (474) ^{[1] [12] [26] [30] [31] [note 11]}
• St. Bladus (Baldus), an early Bishop of the Isle of Man. ^[26]
• Saint Gunthiern, a prince in Wales who went to Brittany and lived as a hermit (c. 500) ^{[26] [note 12]}
• Saint Leo II, Pope of Rome (683) ^{[26] [note 13]}
• Saint Cilléne Droichtech, Abbot of Iona (c. 752) ^{[26] [33]}
• Saint Guthagon, born in Ireland, he crossed to Belgium and became a hermit (8th century) ^{[26] [34] [35]}

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

• Saint George the Godbearer, of the Black Mountain, teacher of St. George of Mount Athos (1068) ^{[1] [12] [36]}
• Saint Basil the Bishop of Ryazan (1295) ^{[1] [12] [17] [25] [37] [38] [note 14]}
• Venerable Anatolius, recluse, of the Near Caves in Kiev (12th century) ^{[1] [3] [12] [17] [39] [40] [note 15]}
• Venerable Anatolius, recluse, of the Far Caves in Kiev (13th century) ^{[1] [12] [17] [41]}
• Saints Basil (1249) and Constantine (1257), holy princes of Yaroslavl (13th century) ^{[1] [12] [17] [25] [42]}
• Saint Basil (Kalika or Koleka), Archbishop of Novgorod (1352) ^{[1] [12]}
• Saint Patricius of Vladimir, priest and martyr (1411) ^[43]
• Saints John and Longinus, ^[44] Wonderworkers of Yarensk, Solovki (1544-1545) ^{[1] [12] [17] [45]}
• Blessed John of Moscow, Fool-for-Christ (1589) ^{[1] [12] [17] [46] [47]}
• Venerable Nicodemus of Khozyuga (Kozhe Lake), monk of Kozhaezersk Monastery (1640) ^{[1] [12] [17] [25] [48]}
• Blessed Michael, Herodion, Basil, and Thomas, Fools-for-Christ, of Solvychegodsk (17th century) ^{[1] [12] [49]}
• Saint Joachim the New Godbeaerer, of Notenon Monastery in Achaia (17th century) ^{[1] [3] [25] [50]}
• Saint Euphrosine (Viaziemska) of Kolupanovo, Aleksin, Fool-for-Christ (1855) ^[51]

New martyrs and confessors

• New Monk-martyr Gerasimus the New, of Carpenision, at Constantinople (1812) ^{[1] [3] [12] [25] [52]}
• New Hieromartyr Anthony (Bystrov), Archbishop of Arkhangelsk and Kholmogorsk (1931) ^{[1] [12] [17] [53] [note 16]}

Other commemorations

• Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" ( Galaktotrophousa ), of the Hilandar Monastery on Mount Athos. ^{[1] [54] [55] [56]}
• Second translation (1652) of the relics of Hieromartyr Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia (1569) ^{[1] [3] [12] [17] [57] [58] [59]}
• Uncovering of the relics (1959) of Hieromartyr Raphael of Lesbos (1463), in Mytilene. ^{[25] [60]}
• Uncovering of the relics (2005) of Sylvester (Olshevsky), Bishop of Omsk (1920) ^{[12] [17] [note 17]} (see also: February 25 )
• Repose of Nun Euphrosyne "the Unknown," of Kolyupanovo, Aleksin (1855) ^[1]

Icon gallery

• 
  Relics of St. Hyacinth of Caesarea.
• 
  St. Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
• 
  St. Leo II, Pope of Rome.
• 
  St. Basil the Bishop of Ryazan.
• 
  Venerable Anatolius, recluse, of the Near Caves in Kiev.
• 
  Blessed John of Moscow, Fool-for-Christ (right).
• 
  New Hieromartyr Anthony (Bystrov), Archbishop of Arkhangelsk and Kholmogorsk.
• 
  Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" ( Galaktotrophousa ).
• 
  Hieromartyr Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia.
• 
  St. Raphael of Lesbos.
• 
  St. Sylvester (Olshevsky), Bishop of Omsk.

Notes

1. The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar (which is used by churches on the "Old Calendar").
   The notation New Style or (NS), indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (which is used by churches on the "New Calendar").
2. "At Caesarea, in Cappadocia, St. Hyacinthus, chamberlain of the emperor Trajan. Accused of being a Christian, he was scourged and thrown into prison, where, consumed with hunger, he breathed his last." ^[8]
3. Name days celebrated today include:
   • Hyacinth; Yakinthos; Jacinthus (Ὑάκινθος);
   • Hyacinthe (Ὑακίνθη).
4. "At Laodicea, in Syria, St. Anatolius, a bishop, whose writings were admired not only by religious men, but even by philosophers." ^[8]
5. "The same day, the holy martyrs Mark and Mucian, who were put to the sword for Christ. As a small boy cried out to them not to sacrifice to idols, he was whipped, but confessing Christ all the more vigorously, he was killed with a man named Paul, who had also exhorted the martyrs." ^[8]
6. His election was due to the miraculous appearance of a dove hovering over his head.
7. "At Ravenna, St. Dathus, bishop and confessor." ^[8]
8. "At Chiusi, in Tuscany, in the reign of the emperor Trajan, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, deacon, and Mustiola, a matron, who were subjected to various atrocious tortures and merited the crown of martyrdom." ^[8]
9. Born in Dalmatia, he helped translate the Vulgate. Later he settled in Aquileia in Italy and became Bishop of Altinum (Altino), a small town since destroyed, near Venice. He was a brave opponent of Arianism.
10. "At Altino, St. Heliodorus, a bishop distinguished for holiness and learning." ^[8]
11. By tradition a nephew of St Patrick and a monk in Ireland, Wales and Brittany. Eventually he went to the Isle of Man as a bishop. His memory is still kept here in several place-names in the forms 'Germain' and 'Jarman'.
12. "GUNTHIERN was one of the sovereign princes of Wales, but quitted his earthly estate to seek perfection in a life of solitude. He first fixed his residence in the Isle of Croix, on the coast of Brittany, and there remained for a length of time, until the fame of his virtues and miracles reached the ears of the king of the country. This prince induced the Saint to transfer his abode to the mainland, and gave him a plot of ground for his hermitage. His chief residence in the latter years of his life seems to have been at Quimperlé, where an abbey was built in the tenth century. There St. Gunthiern is supposed to have passed to his everlasting crown; but his body, probably from fear of the Norman pirates, was removed to his island of Croix, and once more - in the middle of the eleventh century - solemnly translated to Quimperlé. His solemn commemoration, which fell on the day of SS. Peter and Paul, was transferred to the 3rd July." ^[32]
13. Born in Sicily, he became Pope of Rome in 681, during the Byzantine Papacy. During his papacy, the former Pope Honorius I was condemned for not denouncing Monothelitism.
14. See also: (in Russian) Василий I (епископ Рязанский) . Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
15. See also: (in Russian) Анатолий Затворник . Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
16. See also: (in Russian) Антоний (Быстров) . Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
17. See also: (in Russian) Сильвестр (Ольшевский) . Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).

References

1. July 3/July 16. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
2. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ὑάκινθος ὁ Κουβικουλάριος (Θαλαμηπόλος). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
3. (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 3 Ιουλίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
4. Martyr Hyacinth of Caesarea, in Cappadocia. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
5. The Holy Martyr Hyacinth the Chamberlain.. The Year of Our Salvation - Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, Massachusetts.
6. (in Russian) ИАКИНФ. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
7. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. HYACINTH, M. (BEGINNING OF 2ND CENT.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. p. 89.
8. The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 193-194.
9. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι Θεόδοτος, Θεοδότη, Δολινδοὺχ (ἢ Γολινδούχ), Διομήδης, Εὐλάμπιος (ἢ Εὐλαμπίδης) καὶ Ἀσκληπιάδης. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
10. Martyr Diomedes who suffered with Hyacinth. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
11. "3 ИЮЛЯ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-15.
12. July 16 / July 3. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
13. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. ANATOLIUS, B. OF LAODICÆA. (3RD CENT.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. pp. 92-94.
14. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι Μᾶρκος καὶ Μωκιανὸς οἱ Μάρτυρες. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
15. Martyr Mocius. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
16. St. Alexander the Founder of the Monastery of the "Unsleeping Ones". OCA - Lives of the Saints.
17. (in Russian) 3 июля по старому стилю / 16 июля по новому стилю. Русская Православная Церковь - Православный церковный календарь на 2017 год.
18. (in Russian) АЛЕКСАНДР КОНСТАНТИНОПОЛЬСКИЙ. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
19. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀνατόλιος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
20. St. Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
21. Our Father Among the Saints Anatolius, Archbishop of Constantinople.. The Year of Our Salvation - Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, Massachusetts.
22. (in Russian) АНАТОЛИЙ. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
23. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. ANATOLIUS, B. OF CONSTANTINOPLE. (A.D. 458.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. pp. 95-96.
24. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ἡ Ἁγία Θεοδότη ἡ Μάρτυς. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
25. (in Greek) 03/07/2018. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής.
26. July 3. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
27. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. DATUS, B. (ABOUT A.D. 185.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. p. 90.
28. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "SS. IRENAEUS AND MUSTIOLA, MM. (A.D. 275.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. pp. 91-92.
29. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. HELIODORUS, B. OF ALTINO. (4TH CENT.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. p. 94.
30. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "ARTICLE I.—ST. GERMAN, FIRST BISHOP OF THE ISLE OF MAN. [FIFTH CENTURY.]." In: Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons. VOL. VII. Dublin, 1875. pp. 37-41.
31. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. GERMAIN, B. OF MAN. (5th CENT.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. p. 97.
32. Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 305-306.
33. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "Article III.—St. Cilline or Cillen, Droicteach, Abbot of Iona, Scotland. [Eighth Century.]." In: Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons. VOL. VII. Dublin, 1875. pp. 43-44.
34. Very Rev. John O'Hanlon. "Article II.—St. Guthagon, Confessor, in Belgium. [Probably in the Eighth Century.]." In: Lives of the Irish Saints: With Special Festivals, and the Commemorations of Holy Persons. VOL. VII. Dublin, 1875. pp. 41-43.
35. Rev. Sabine Baring-Gould (M.A.). "S. GUTHAGON, C. (UNCERTAIN.)." In: The Lives of the Saints. Volume the Seventh: July - Part I. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. p. 97.
36. St. George the God-Bearer. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
37. St. Basil the Bishop of Ryazan. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
38. (in Russian) ВАСИЛИЙ. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
39. (in Russian) АНАТОЛИЙ ЗАТВОРНИК. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
40. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀνατόλιος ὁ ἐν τῷ Σπηλαίῳ (Ρῶσος). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
41. (in Russian) АНАТОЛИЙ ЗАТВОРНИК. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
42. Right-believing Prince Basil of Yaroslavl. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
43. "ПАТРИКИЙ ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-15.
44. Venerable Longinus the Wonderworker of Yarenga, Solovki. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
45. (in Russian) ИОАНН И ЛОНГИН. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
46. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ διὰ Χριστὸν Σαλός ἐκ Μόσχας (Ρῶοος). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
47. Blessed John of Moscow the Fool-For-Christ. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
48. Venerable Nicodemus the Abbot of Kozhe Lake. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
49. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Οἱ Ἅγιοι Μιχαὴλ καὶ Θωμὰς οἱ διὰ Χριστὸν Σαλοί ἐν Σολβισεγκόντσκ (Ρῶσοι). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
50. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἰωακεὶμ ὁ Νέος ὁ Θεοφόρος. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
51. "ЕВФРОСИНИЯ КОЛЮПАНОВСКАЯ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-07-15.
52. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Γεράσιμος ὁ Νέος ὁ Καρπενησιώτης. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
53. (in Russian) АНТОНИЙ. Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
54. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Σύναξις Ὑπεραγίας Θεοτόκου τῆς Γαλακτοτροφούσης. 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
55. Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery on Mt. Athos. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
56. (in Greek) Σύναξη της Υπεραγίας Θεοτόκου της Γαλακτοτροφούσης. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής.
57. Translation of the relics of Hieromartyr Philip the Metropolitan of Moscow. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
58. The Translation of the Holy Relics of our Father Among the Saints Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow.. The Year of Our Salvation - Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, Massachusetts.
59. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Φίλιππος ὁ Θαυματουργός Μητροπολίτης Μόσχας καὶ Πάσης Ρωσίας (Ρῶσος). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
60. Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ἡ εὕρεσης τοῦ τάφου καὶ τῶν λειψάνων τοῦ Ἁγίου Ἱερομάρτυρος Ραφαὴλ ἐν Μυτιλήνῃ (1959). 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

Sources

• July 3/July 16. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
• July 16 / July 3. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
• July 3. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
• July 3. The Year of Our Salvation - Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, Massachusetts.
• The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 49.
• The Third Day of the Month of July. Orthodoxy in China.
• July 3. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
• The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 193–194.
• Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 305–306.

Greek Sources

• Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) 3 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
• (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 3 Ιουλίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
• (in Greek) ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ. Αποστολική Διακονία της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος (Apostoliki Diakonia of the Church of Greece).
• (in Greek) 03/07/2018. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής.

Russian Sources

• (in Russian) 16 июля (3 июля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
• (in Russian) 3 июля по старому стилю / 16 июля по новому стилю. Русская Православная Церковь - Православный церковный календарь на 2017 год.
• (in Russian) 3 июля (ст.ст.) 16 июля 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).