Krishnacharya Tamanacharya Pandurangi | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | April 22, 2017 99) | (aged
Nationality | Indian |
Occupation(s) | Scholar, professor |
Spouse | Susheela |
Children | two daughters; three son's |
Awards | 1989 : Rashtrapati Award 2007: Rajyotsava Award |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Maharaja's College, Mysore Banares Hindu University |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Religious Studies |
Institutions | Bangalore University |
Main interests | Vedanta,Hindu philosophy |
Krishnacharya Tamanacharya Pandurangi (1 February 1918 - 22 April 2017),also known by the pen name Viswamangala,was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and a notable Indologist. Pandurangi was unique among contemporary Sanskrit scholars,being simultaneously at home among both traditional and modern systems of education. In 1989,the Government of India honoured him with the Rashtrapati Award for his contributions to literature and research. [1]
Krishnacharya's students included such renowned Sanskrit scholars as D. Prahladachar,former Vice Chancellor,Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha,Tirupati;V. R. Panchamukhi,Indian Economist;Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya. [1]
Krishnacharya was born on 1 February 1918 in a family of Sanskrit scholars to Tamanacharya Pandurangi and Lakshmi Bai in Dharwad,Karnataka. Due to the family's economic conditions,he could complete only up to the 7th standard and could not study in a high school. He then studied Sanskrit in the Sankaracharya Patasala at Dharwad. His further higher education was in Patasalas as well;from Dharwad to Sangli Patasala;from Sangli to Mysore Patasala and so on. In 1936 at the age of 18 he moved to Mysore. Within four years he had completed the study of Nyaya and Vedanta there. [1] At Patasala,he learnt Nyaya Shastra under Dharapuram Krishnamurthi Acharya. At other times he went to the residence of the same Acharya and learnt Vedanta at home. He practised this kind of double-study under other scholars,including Kasipranesa Acharya,Chaturvedi Ramachandracharya,Doddaballapur Vasudevacharya,Nerur Krishnacharya,Ardikoppam Subramanya Shastry,Channa Kesava Shastry and others. In 1940,at the age of 22,he joined the Oriental department of Annamalai University and Maharaja's College,Mysore,where he studied Purva Mimamsa under such reputed scholars as Dr. B. N. K. Sharma. He also holds Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from Banares Hindu University. [2]
Prof. Pandurangi served as professor in Karnatak College,Dharwar for twelve years and in Government College,Bangalore for six years. Later he joined as head of the postgraduate Sanskrit department at Bangalore University. [2]
He was a member of the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan and the Central Sanskrit Board. He was a Senior Fellow of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research and served as President of the Mythic Society,Bangalore for twelve years. He served as Kulapati of Poornaprajna Vidyapeetha and also served as honorary director of the Dvaita Vedanta Foundation at Bangalore. [3] [4] [5] Pandurangi visited Germany,England,Austria and the United States,delivering lectures on Purva Mimamsa and Vedanta. He also guided many foreign scholars who had come to India in subjects like Prakarana Panchika,Ramayana,Uttara Ramacharita,Panchapadika,Anu Vyakhyana,Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī,Vishnu Tatva Nirnaya,Karma Nirnaya and other topics of Dvaita Vedanta.
Prof. Pandurangi was highly regarded as a scholar. He studied Nyaya,Vedanta and Mīmāṃsā,erning degrees in both philosophy and literature.
He also had extensive knowledge of orthodox Hindu rituals and Vedanta. His scholarship in various darśanas of orthodox Indian philosophy earned him titles such as Vedanta Vidwan,Mimamsa Siromani,Darsanaratna and Mimamsa Bhushana. [6]
For 35 years,he taught Sanskrit and Indian philosophy at the graduate and postgraduate level,retiring in the year 1979. He delivered lectures on Philosophy &Sanskrit at universities,at The Indian Institute of World Culture,and at Gokhale Institute. After retirement,he guided research students,including students from the United Kingdom,Germany,Japan,and the United States,for Ph.D,M.Phil and Vidya Varidhi degrees,also serving as Examiner for more than a dozen Ph.D theses submitted in various universities in India. For 20 years (1980 to 2000) he had short-term assignments in five academic centres:Bangalore University (4 years),Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan,Delhi (4 years),Indian Council of Philosophical Research (3 years),Gandhi Centre for Science and Human values,Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,Bangalore (4 years),Project of History of Indian Science,Philosophy and Culture (for 5 years).
Prof. Pandurangi organised 12 conferences and seminars,and served as the Kulapati,Poorna Prajna Vidyapeeeta,Bangalore.
The Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation has published many invaluable books by Pandurangi,some of which extend to several volumes. He published and edited rare works on Vedanta and Poorva - Meemamsa,translating some of them into English and Kannada. Some of the notable works are listed here: [7] [8] [9]
Raghavendra Tirtha,also referred as Raghavendra Swami,was a Hindu scholar,theologian,and saint. He was also known as Sudha Parimalacharya. His diverse oeuvre include commentaries on the works of Madhva,Jayatirtha,and Vyasatirtha,interpretation of the Principal Upanishads from the standpoint of Dvaita and a treatise on Purva Mimamsa. He served as the pontiff of the matha at Kumbakonam from 1621 to 1671. Raghavendra Tirtha was also an accomplished player of the veena and he composed several songs under the name of Venu Gopala. His shrine at Mantralayam attracts lakhs of visitors every year.
Madhvacharya,and also known as Purna Prajna and Ānanda Tīrtha,was an Indian philosopher,theologian and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. Madhva called his philosophy Tattvavāda meaning "arguments from a Realistic Viewpoint".
Vyāsatīrtha,also called Vyasaraja or Chandrikacharya,was a Hindu philosopher,scholar,polemicist,commentator and poet belonging to the Madhwacharya's Dvaita order of Vedanta. As the rajaguru of Vijayanagara Empire,Vyasatirtha was at the forefront of a golden age in Dvaita which saw new developments in dialectical thought,growth of the Haridasa literature under bards like Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa and an increased spread of Dvaita across the subcontinent. He himself composed many kīrtanas in Kannada and Sanskrit.
Sri Jayatirtha,also known asTeekacharya,was a Hindu philosopher,dialectician,polemicist and the sixth pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha from. He is considered to be one of the important seers in the history of Dvaita school of thought on account of his sound elucidations of the works of Madhvacharya. He structured the philosophical aspects of Dvaita and through his polemical works,elevating it to an equal footing with the contemporary schools of thought. Along with Madhva and Vyasatirtha,he is venerated as one of the three great spiritual sages,or munitraya of Dvaita. Jayatirtha is considered an incarnation of Indra with avesha of Adi Sesha in the Madhva Parampara.
Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya is an eminent Indian Sanskrit scholar known for his discourses on Sanatana Dharma. He is an expert in the Dvaita school of philosophy,founded by Sri Madhvacharya. Prabhanjanacharya has written,edited and compiled numerous books on Veda,Upanishads,Ramayana,Mahabharata,Bhagavata etc. in the light of Madhva philosophy.
The Uttaradi Math,is one of the main monasteries (matha) founded by Madhvacharya with Padmanabha Tirtha as its head to preserve and propagate Dvaita Vedanta (Tattvavada) outside Tulunadu region. Uttaradi Math is one of the three primary Dvaita monasteries or Mathatraya that descended from Madhvacharya in the lineage of Padmanabha Tirtha through Jayatirtha. After Jayatirtha and Vidyadhiraja Tirtha,Uttaradi Math continued in the lineage of Kavindra Tirtha and later in the lineage of Vidyanidhi Tirtha. The Moola Rama and Moola Sita idols worshipped in the Uttaradi Matha have a long history and are revered among adherents.
Sri Satyatma Tirtha,is an Indian Hindu philosopher,guru,scholar,spiritual leader,saint and the present pontiff of Uttaradi Math. He is the 42nd pontiff of Uttaradi Math since Madhvacharya,the chief proponent and the one who rejuvenated the Dvaita philosophy (Tattvavada). Satyatma Tirtha founded Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat,a non-profit,religious and social organization in 1998.
Veeranarayana N. K. Pandurangi is a Sanskrit scholar from Bangalore,worked in Jaipur,Rajasthan and at present he is the Principal of Karnataka Samskrit University's evening college. He was awarded the Maharshi Badrayan Vyas Award for Sanskrit by Pratibha Patil,the then President of India,for the year 2011. He is currently Professor and the Dean at the Department of Darshana,at the Jagadguru Ramanadacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit University,Jaipur. Pandurangi is a specialist in Darshan.
V. R. Panchamukhi,is an Indian Economist and Sanskrit scholar. He was born on September 17, 1936,in Dharwad,Karnataka. He is the eldest son of Vidyaratna Shri R. S. Panchamukhi,an archaeologist and indologist and Sanskrit Scholar.
Sumatindra Tirtha was a Dvaita scholar and the 20th pontiff of the Madhva matha at Kumbakonam. Succeeding Surindra Tirtha in 1692,Sumatindra extended the reach of the matha from Kumbakonam to Thanjavur,Madurai and Srirangam. Through his travels and a close association with the royalty,Sumatindra was able to proliferate the principles of Dvaita in the Tamil region. An accomplished scholar and poet,he has authored numerous works on poetics,drama and music as well as commentaries on Vedanta.
Satyapramoda Tirtha (IAST:Satyāpramoda Tīrtha;1918 –3 November 1997,was an Indian Hindu philosopher,spiritual leader,guru,,saint and the pontiff of Uttaradi Math,a math dedicated to Dvaita philosophy,which has a large following in southern India. He served as the 41st pontiff of Madhvacharya Peetha - Uttaradi Math from 2 February 1948 –3 November 1997. He had established Jayateertha Vidyapeetha in Bangalore,which has completed over 32 years.
Shrinivasa Varakhedi is an Indian Sanskrit scholar,academic and education administrator who is currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of Central Sanskrit University,New Delhi. Formerly,he also served as VC of Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University and as Acting VC of Karnataka Samskrit University,Bangalore and Gondwana University,Gadchiroli. Varakhedi has been awarded the Maharshi Badarayan Vyas Samman by the President of India for contributions in interdisciplinary research.
Satyapriya Tirtha was an Indian Hindu philosopher,guru,scholar,yogi,mystic and the pontiff of Uttaradi Math,a math dedicated to Dvaita philosophy. He was the successor of Satyavijaya Tirtha and the 24th pontiff of Uttaradi Math from 1737—1744.
Shri Vidyadhisha Tirtha,was an Indian philosopher,scholar,theologian,saint and dialectician. He served as the sixteenth pontiff of Uttaradi Math from 1619 to 1631. He is considered to be one of the important stalwarts in the history of Dvaita school of thought on account of his sound elucidations of the works of Madhvacharya,Jayatirtha and Vyasatirtha. He is also the most celebrated pontiff of Uttaradi Math after Padmanabha Tirtha,Jayatirtha and Raghuttama Tirtha.
Satyanatha Tirtha;IAST:ŚrīSatyanātha Tīrtha),also called Abhinava Vyasaraja,was a Hindu philosopher,scholar,theologian,logician and dialectician belonging to the Dvaita order of Vedanta. He served as the twentieth pontiff of Uttaradi Math from 1660 to 1673. He was a fiery and prolific writer and very ambitious of the glory of Dvaita Vedanta. He is considered to be one of the stalwarts in the history of the Dvaita school of thought,on account of his sound elucidations of the works of Madhvacharya,Jayatirtha and Vyasatirtha. Three of his polemically themed doxographical works are reminiscent of "Vyasatraya". His refutation work Abhinava Gada is a devastating criticism of Appayya's Madhvamathamukhamardhana. His independent treatise Abhinava Chandrika is considered a brilliant work relating to the Brahma Sūtras,being a commentary on Jayatirtha's Tattvaprakashika. His work Abhinava Tarka Tandava refuted the works of rival systems,especially those of Prabhākara of Mimamsa,Ramanuja's Visistadvaita,and Gangesha Upadhyaya,Raghunatha Siromani of the Nyaya school,on the same lines as Vyasatirtha's Tarka Tandava. Indologist B.N.K.Sharma wrote,"His energy and determination to crush out the rivalry of Monism is reflected even in the choice of the titles of some of his works,four of which go by the name "Paraśus" ".
Satyavara Tirtha was an Indian philosopher,scholar and the pontiff of Uttaradi Math,a math (mutt) dedicated to Dvaita philosophy. He was the successor of Satyasandha Tirtha and the 27th pontiff of Uttaradi Math since Madhvacharya,the chief proponent and the one who rejuvenated this Dvaita philosophy and served the pontificate from 1794 to 1797.
Satyabhinava Tirtha was a Hindu philosopher,scholar,theologian and saint. He served as the pontiff of Shri Uttaradi Math from 1673 to 1706. He was the 21st in succession from Madhvacharya. He is known for his great works Durghata Bhavadipa on Bhagavata Tatparya Nirnaya and Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya Vyakhyana,a commentary on Mahabharata Tatparya Nirnaya of Madhva.
Satyadhyana Tirtha was an Indian Hindu philosopher,scholar,yogi,mystic,theologian and saint. He was the 38th pontiff of Uttaradi Math and served the pontificate from 1911-1942. He was considered most active and zealous pontiffs of 20th century. He was an untiring propagandist,the best debater of his days and almost a terror to his adversaries in philosophical polemics. It was at his initiative and inspiration that a splendid Marathi translation of Madhva's Brahmasutra Bhashya,with the Tatvaprakashika of Jayatirtha was published for the benefit of a large number of followers of Madhvacharya in Maharashtra. He made extensive tours all over India,held disputations and published polemical tracts and phamplets in many languages in North and South India for free distribution. He started,Sriman Madhva Siddhanta Abhivruddhikarini Sabha around 1905-06 and registered in 1930 to promote the study of Sanskrit literature and philosophy,particularly the study of Dvaita Philosophy,to hold meetings and conferences of Madhva scholars.
Bhavani Narayanrao Krishnamurti Sharma,commonly known as B. N. K. Sharma or B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma,was an Indian writer,scholar,professor,and Indologist. Sharma was a professor and Head of the Department of Sanskrit in Ruparel College,Bombay from (1953–1969). Sharma was one of the foremost exponents of Madhvacharya's school of Dvaita Vedanta. B. N. K. Sharma learned the art of debates under Satyadhyana Tirtha of Uttaradi Math. Sharma travelled along with Satyadhyana Tirtha from,learned all philosophical knowledge from him and also used to rectify his doubts from Satyadhyana Tirtha.