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Citizens band radio, used in many countries, is a land mobile radio system, a system allowing short-distance person-to-person bidirectional voice communication between individuals, using two way radios operating on 40 channels near 27 MHz (11 m) in the high frequency band. Citizens band is distinct from other personal radio service allocations such as FRS, GMRS, MURS, UHF CB and the Amateur Radio Service. In many countries, CB operation does not require a license, and it may be used for business or personal communications. Like many other land mobile radio services, multiple radios in a local area share a single frequency channel, but only one can transmit at a time. The radio is normally in receive mode to receive transmissions of other radios on the channel; when users want to talk they press a "push to talk" button on their radio, which turns on their transmitter. Users on a channel must take turns talking. Transmitter power is limited to 4 watts in the US and the EU. CB radios have a range of about 3 miles (4.8 km) to 20 miles (32 km) depending on terrain, for line of sight communication; however, various radio propagation conditions may intermittently allow communication over much greater distances.
Low-power broadcasting is broadcasting by a broadcast station at a low electric power to a smaller service area than "full power" stations within the same region. It is often distinguished from "micropower broadcasting" and broadcast translators. LPAM, LPFM and LPTV are in various levels of use across the world, varying widely based on the laws and their enforcement.
Iowa PBS, formerly Iowa Public Television (IPTV), is a network of Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member stations in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is owned by the Iowa Public Broadcasting Board, an agency of the state education department which holds the licenses for all the PBS member stations in the state. Iowa PBS' headquarters are located at 6450 Corporate Drive in Johnston, Iowa, a suburb of Des Moines. The nine stations cover almost all of Iowa, as well as portions of Illinois, Minnesota and Nebraska.
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile FM UHF radio service designed for short-distance two-way communication and authorized under part 95 of 47 USC. It requires a license in the United States, but some GMRS compatible equipment can be used license-free in Canada. The US GMRS license is issued for a period of 10 years by the FCC. The United States permits use by adult individuals who possess a valid GMRS license, as well as their immediate family members. Immediate relatives of the GMRS system licensee are entitled to communicate among themselves for personal or business purposes, but employees of the licensee who are not family members are not covered by the license. Non-family members must be licensed separately.
Oregon Public Broadcasting (OPB) is the primary television and radio public broadcasting network for most of the U.S. state of Oregon as well as southern Washington. OPB consists of five full-power television stations, dozens of VHF or UHF translators, and over 20 radio stations and frequencies. Broadcasts include local and regional programming as well as television programs from the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and American Public Television (APT), and radio programs from National Public Radio (NPR), Public Radio International (PRI), American Public Media (APM), Public Radio Exchange (PRX), and the BBC World Service, among other distributors. Its headquarters and television studios are located in Portland.
In American, Canadian, and Mexican broadcasting, a city of license or community of license is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator.
The business band is the name used by U.S. radio users who utilize and scanner hobbyists who listen to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Industrial/Business pool frequencies. The regulations listing frequencies in this pool are contained in Subpart C of Part 90, Title 47 of the CFR.
KUOM – branded Radio K – is a daytime-only non-commercial educational college/alternative rock radio station licensed to serve Minneapolis, Minnesota. KUOM covers the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, and extends its reach with two low-power broadcast relay stations and one full-power repeater. Owned by the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, the station is operated by both faculty and students. The KUOM studios are located at the Rarig Center on the University of Minnesota campus, while the station transmitter is in Falcon Heights. Besides a standard analog transmission, KUOM is also available online.
KUVN-DT, virtual channel 23, is a Univision owned-and-operated television station licensed to Garland, Texas, United States and serving the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. Owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, it is part of a duopoly with Irving-licensed UniMás owned-and-operated station KSTR-DT. Both stations share studios on Bryan Street in downtown Dallas, while KUVN's transmitter is located in Cedar Hill, Texas.
KQEG-CD, virtual channel 8, is a low-power, Class A television station licensed to La Crescent, Minnesota, United States. It is a translator of La Crosse, Wisconsin-licensed CBS affiliate WKBT-DT which is owned by Morgan Murphy Media. KQEG-CD's transmitter is located near Hokah, Minnesota; its parent station maintains studios on South 6th Street in downtown La Crosse.
WRDV is a U.S. public radio station serving some northern suburbs of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area. The radio station studio is located in Hatboro and the broadcast tower in Warminster. WRDV's program hosts are volunteers who frequently play their own album collections on the air.
WLRN-TV, virtual channel 17, is a secondary Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station licensed to Miami, Florida, United States. Owned by the Miami-Dade County Public Schools district, it is sister to National Public Radio (NPR) member station WLRN-FM (91.3). The two outlets share studios on Northeast 15th Street and Northeast 1st Avenue in Miami; WLRN-TV's transmitter is located at McTyre Park in Miami Gardens. WLRN-TV operates twenty closed-circuit educational channels for use by public schools within Miami-Dade County.
WVPT, virtual channel 51, is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station licensed to Staunton, Virginia, United States, serving Harrisonburg and the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and West Virginia. It is a full-time satellite of Richmond-licensed WCVE-TV which is owned by the VPM Media Corporation. WVPT's offices are located in Harrisonburg near the campus of James Madison University, while its transmitter is located atop Elliott Knob west of Staunton; master control and most internal operations are based at WCVE-TV's studios at 23 Sesame Street in Bon Air, a suburb of Richmond.
WHCU is a commercial AM radio station in Ithaca, New York, that programs a news/talk radio format. The station has been owned by the Cayuga Radio Group subsidiary of Saga Communications since 2005. Programming is simulcast on FM translator W249DW 97.7 MHz.
KBND is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format. Licensed to Bend, Oregon, United States, the station serves the Bend area. The station is currently owned by Combined Communications and features programing from Fox News Radio, Premiere Radio Networks and Dial Global.
A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. It expands the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area. The stations may be used to create a single-frequency network. They may also be used by an AM or FM radio station to establish a presence on the other band.
KHIZ-LD, virtual channel 39, is a low-powered SonLife-affiliated television station licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States. The station’s transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson, California.
KGIM is a radio station licensed to serve Aberdeen, South Dakota. The station is owned by Prairie Winds Broadcasting, Inc. It airs a sports format featuring programming from Fox Sports Radio.
UHF television broadcasting is the use of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio for over-the-air transmission of television signals. UHF frequencies are used for both analog and digital television broadcasts. UHF channels are typically given higher channel numbers, like the US arrangement with VHF channels (initially) 1 to 13, and UHF channels (initially) numbered 14 to 83. Compared with an equivalent VHF television transmitter, to cover the same geographic area with a UHF transmitter requires a higher effective radiated power, implying a more powerful transmitter or a more complex antenna. However, the additional channels allow more broadcasters in a given region without causing objectionable mutual interference.
References
- ↑ KCMT news report on KXG2CB, 1982
- ↑ KSTP news report on KXG2CB, 1982
- ↑ Parsons, Jim (January 19, 1981). "Tiny state TV network creates budding stars". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 3B, 6B . Retrieved November 30, 2021– via Newspapers.com.