The KTM 390 Series are a range[8] of single-cylinder enginemotorcycles assembled by Bajaj Auto, and KTM Asia Motorcycle Manufacturing, Inc. (KAMMI) for the Austrian manufacturer KTM.[1] There are currently six bike models which were developed under a joint program of Bajaj and KTM engineers, in which the concept was developed in Austria, while everything else, including design and final product development, was done in India by Bajaj.[9] The six models in the line up are the road worthy 390 Duke, RC 390 and 390 SMC R and the dual purpose 390 Enduro R, 390 Adventure R and the 390 Adventure X.
The 390 Duke standard debuted at the 2012 EICMA show in Milan, Italy, and went on sale in India and the Philippines in 2013 and in the US in 2015.[7][10][11] The RC 390 sport bike was presented at EICMA the following year.[12] After the Duke's initial release, KTM CEO Stefan Pierer announced plans to export the 390 Duke to the US for 2014.[13][14] Bajaj said eventually the bike will be sold in 80 countries worldwide.[15] Pierer said in December 2015 that KTM and Bajaj plan to replace the 125, 200, and the 390-series Duke and RC lines in 2017, based on all new platforms, in part tarnavo meet Euro IV emissions standards, and to incorporate new technologies such as ride-by-wire.[16]
In 2024 KTM started the transition from the original 373.2cc (22.77cuin) motor to the new 398.6cc (24.32cuin) LC4c motors.[17][2] The new 390 SMC R, Enduro and Adventure models began introduction into the 2025 line-up.[8]
In its home market, the 390 Duke's engine size and weight place it in the mid-range category, and it sells for more than three times the average price of a motorcycle in India.[7][18] As one Indian reviewer put it "The 390 Duke may well be a simple little A2 license commuter for the European rider, but in the environs of Mumbai traffic, it's a proper rocket-powered scalpel."[19] In the US market, the same motorcycle is considered small-displacement, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive.[14] Similarly, the UK Sunday Times said, "Given that the 390 Duke weighs less than 150kg when it's full of fuel, you have to sit on it to stop it blowing away. It's as agile in traffic as a push-bike and whippet-thin," saying the bike was ideal for young riders with the A2 license, limited to 47bhp (35kW), who would find it easy to ride and confidence-inspiring, while feeling "fast and sporty".[3] Such a bike in the UK would also appeal to experienced riders looking for a practical and efficient commuter bike and runabout.[3] The 390 Duke won the 2013–14 Jury's Choice Bike of the Year in The Bloomberg TV IndiaAutocar India Awards.[20]IndianCarsBikes said that with a top speed of 180km/h (110mph) and a 0 to 100km/h (0 to 62mph) time of 4.3 seconds, the 390 Duke is the fastest motorcycle made in India as of January2014[update].[21]
Motorcycle Consumer News tested the 390 Duke's top speed to be 177.0km/h (110.0mph), with acceleration from 0 to 97km/h (0 to 60mph) in 4.34 seconds, and 0 to 1⁄4mi (0.00 to 0.40km) in 14.02 seconds at 147.87km/h (91.88mph).[4] The brakes stopped the bike from 97 to 0km/h (60 to 0mph) in 43.1m (141.3ft), and fuel economy was tested at 3.97L/100km; 71.2mpg‑imp (59.3mpg‑US).[4] The 390 Duke weighed 153kg (338lb) wet and the engine power was 30.04kW (40.29hp) at 9,600rpm, with 32.92N⋅m (24.28ft⋅lb) torque @ 7,000rpm.[4] The brakes were considered to be "the most obvious flaw on the 390".[22]
It comes standard with kickstand sensor, switchable dual-channel combined ABS, traction control system, engine braking control, adaptive brake light, and cornering lights. As a feature, it has no keyless ignition but only optional immobiliser key and alarm system.
Duke model timeline
The 390 Duke of 2013 came about from efforts to place the larger 373cc motor into the robust frame of the Duke 200 while utilizing the same suspension and brakes. [5]
2017 update
After 2017, the 390 series' front brake disc was increased from 300mm to 320mm. The headlight was redesigned and converted to LED. The display became a color TFT panel with phone pairing capability. Seat height was increased from 800mm (31.5in) to 830mm (32.7in) and wheelbase was decreased 10mm. The brake and clutch levers were also made manually adjustable.[23] The throttle now uses a ride by wire system and the tank was updated from 11 to 13.5L (2.9 to 3.6USgal).
2018 update
In 2018, KTM updated its Duke 390 with some minor changes, where it added a deflector plate on the left side of the chassis, to avoid exhaust heat near the riders leg.[24] The Duke 390 in India gained new features and updates. The Duke 390 comes with a daytime running light, and is on Euro IV emission standards.
2020 update
The bike was made BS6 compliant and a bi-directional quickshifter was added.
2022 update
3 new colors are available for the 2022 Duke, which was launched in Egypt at an ex-showroom price of ₹2.7 lakh (US$3,200).[25] In Austria, it was released at €6,749(US$7,982.04).[26]
2025 update
LC4c engine still displaces 399cc but has been tuned to 45 horsepower and 39 newton-meters of torque. Improved transmission and optimized cylinder head for smoother power delivery and lighter weight.
5″ bonded-glass TFT display with turn-by-turn navigation, music, and call integration. three ride modes (Street, Rain, Track) all toggleable on the fly. Launch Control is standard.
WP APEX open-cartridge fork with adjustable compression/rebound, and an off-center APEX shock also preload/rebound adjustable, travel remains the same.
Upgraded 320 mm front & 240 mm rear rotors, new 4-piston radial front caliper and twin-piston rear caliper, plus cornering ABS and Supermoto+ ABS. Michelin Power 6 tires are standard.
Metal fuel tank with color-injected plastics, multi-layer wet-painted finishes (Electronic Orange or Atlantic Blue), and refreshed styling. Lighting is all-LED.
390 SMC R
The Supermoto version of the 390 Duke, the KTM 390 SMC R was introduced in 2025. Its 399cc LC4c motor produces 44HP. The ride-by-wire throttle allows Street and Sport ride modes, on/off traction control, and Supermoto ABS mode allowing you to turn off the rear ABS (front ABS is always on). The SMC R has different geometry via 26.9 deg steering head angle, different subframe mounts and a different flex profile compared to the Duke. The wheelbase is almost 4 inches longer as well. It is equipped with 17" wire spoked wheels. It joins the other two bikes in the KTM Supermoto lineup, the 450 SMR and the 690 SMC R. [27][28]
A sport bike version of the 390 Duke, the KTM RC 390 was presented at the 2013 EICMA motorcycle show in Italy, though most details had been leaked a few weeks earlier.[12][33] The 2014 model year road racing style bike has the same 373cc engine making a claimed 44hp (33kW) @ 9,500rpm with a claimed weight without fuel of 147kg (324lb). With a fuel capacity 10.0L; 2.20impgal (2.64USgal), the wet weight would be 150kg (340lb).[32][34] The frame of the RC is a different single piece trellis frame than the Duke, which KTM says is stiffer than the 390 Duke.[35] The tires are Metzeler 110/70ZR17 front and 150/60ZR17 rear.[35] Where the Duke has a steering head angle of 65° (or 25° rake), the RC's fork has a steeper 66.5° head angle (or 23.5° rake).[31] The 1,340mm (53in) wheelbase is 27mm (1.1in) shorter than the Duke. The same ByBre disc brakes with switchable dual channel ABS, and WP 43mm front fork and rear shock are used on the RC 390.[34][35]
KTM added a racing version of the RC 390, the RC 390 Cup for use by motorcycle racers ages 13 to 21 in the ADAC Junior Cup, a MotoGP event. The RC 390 Cup has no lights or mirrors, and no ABS to reduce weight, and an upgraded WP suspension, fully adjustable front and rear. The engine is detuned to a 38hp (28kW) with a block-off plate, and has an Akrapovič exhaust.[36][37]
Motorcycle Consumer News test results of the RC 390's power were 30.04kW (40.29hp) @ 8,600rpm and 32.92N⋅m (24.28ft⋅lb) torque @ 6,800rpm, with a wet weight of 165.3kg (364.5lb)[29] They found a top speed of 169.0km/h (105.0mph), with an acceleration from 0 to 1⁄4mi (0.00 to 0.40km) in 14.02 seconds at 147.87km/h (91.88mph), 0 to 97km/h (0 to 60mph) in 4.34 seconds, and braking from 97 to 0km/h (60 to 0mph) in 43.1m (141.3ft).[29] The tested fuel economy was 4.17L/100km; 67.7mpg‑imp (56.4mpg‑US).[29]
Cycle World's road tests of the RC 390 also showed a top speed of 169km/h (105mph), but faster acceleration 0 to 1⁄4mi (0.00 to 0.40km) in 13.67 seconds at 147.87km/h (91.88mph), and from 0 to 97km/h (0 to 60mph) in 4.6 seconds. Braking performance and fuel economy were not so far off, at 97 to 0km/h (60 to 0mph) in 43.1m (141.3ft), and 4.1L/100km; 70mpg‑imp (58mpg‑US).[30]Cycle Worlds's tested power figure was 29.9kW (40.1hp) @ 8,600rpm, and torque was 34.4N⋅m (25.4ft⋅lb).[30]
Motorcycle USA measured acceleration from 0-60mph in 4.9 seconds and 0 to 1⁄4mi (0.00 to 0.40km) in 14.21 seconds for 2015 model. Braking distance was measured at 148.2 feet from 60-0mph with ABS disabled and 151.7 feet without ABS disabled.[38]
It has a kickstand sensor but does not have Combined ABS, cornering lights, adaptive brake light, or engine braking control.
KTM revised the RC 390 in 2017 by adding a slipper clutch, adjustable brake levers, ride-by-wire throttle, a larger 320mm front brake rotor, larger mirrors, and some cosmetic and ergonomic changes.[39][40]
2020 update
The bike was made BS6 compliant and a new color option was offered.[citation needed]
The KTM 390 Adventure is an Adventure Touring motorcycle produced by KTM, first introduced in 2020. It was essentially the 373cc, 390 Duke with added features and refined dimensions. The engine produced approximately 31 kW (43 hp) at 9,000 rpm; maximum torque was 37 Nm at 7,000 rpm. Power was transmitted to the rear wheel via a 6-speed gearbox and a chain.[41] From 2020 to 2023 it came with 19" front and 17" rear cast aluminum rims. The suspension consists of a 43 mm WP upside-down fork and a monoshock rear suspension system, both of which are adjustable. The 2024 Adventure had 19/17 wire spoked wheels. [42][43] The speed, rpm, gear, and fuel level of the KTM 390 Adventure were displayed on a TFT display. Other features include cornering ABS, dynamic traction control, and Bluetooth connectivity to a smartphone.[44] The motorcycle was available in orange and black or gray and white.[45] One particular 390 Adventure, assembled in January of 2023 at the Indian cooperation partner Bajaj Auto, was the 1,000,000th KTM motorcycle made since production began there in 2007.[46]
In 2025, KTM replaced the 390 Adventure in the lineup with the 390 Adventure X, now sporting the new 398.6 cc LC4c motor. The Adventure X is a stripped down version of the more well equipped KTM 390 Adventure R. The X gets 19-inch front and 17-inch rear cast wheels.[47][48]
The KTM 390 Enduro R is released in 2025 sporting the new 398.6 cc LC4c motor previously introduced in the 390 Duke. Premimum features include better seated and standing positions, a 4.2” TFT display, electronic fuel injection, ride-by-wire throttle, a balancer shaft, slipper clutch, traction control (street / offroad) and ABS. The redesigned "trellis" frame and improved subframe allows for 21"/18" wire spoke wheels and a 35 inch seat height.[49]
The Dual Sport version of the 390 designated as the 390 Enduro R and the Adventure Touring versions designated the 390 Adventure R and 390 Adventure X are all derived of the 390 Duke.[50] The differences between the street-biased X and off-road-focused R primarily involves the wheels, tires, and suspension. Each model has tires suitable for the bikes intended use.[51]
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