Kalophrynus eok

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Kalophrynus eok
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Genus: Kalophrynus
Species:
K. eok
Binomial name
Kalophrynus eok
Das  [ fr; de ] and Haas, 2003 [2]
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Kalophrynus eok is only known from the Kelabit Highlands in Malaysian Borneo

Kalophrynus eok is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and currently only known from its type locality in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysia, [3] [4] [5] but presumably, it also occurs in the adjacent Kalimantan, Indonesia. [3] The specific name eok is Kelabit for "tiny" and refers to the small size of this species. [2] [5] Common names eok sticky frog [3] [5] and small Bario sticky frog have been coined for it. [4]

Contents

Description

Kalophrynus eok is only known from the holotype, [4] [5] an adult male measuring 26 mm (1.0 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is obtuse and slightly projects beyond the mandible. The head is broader than it is long. The tympanum is distinct; no supratympanic fold is present. The fingers and the toes have rounded tips and basal webbing. The dorsum is granular, particularly on the eyelids and upper surfaces of the limbs. The dorsal coloration is brick-red. There is a sepia interorbital band that is connected to an irregular, inverted V-shaped scapular mark of the same color, which in turn is followed by an irregular transverse band across the midbody. The venter is flesh color and sides of the throat are peach red. [2]

Habitat and conservation

The holotype was found in primary submontane forest at an elevation of about 1,050 m (3,440 ft) above sea level. The specimen was calling from a water-filled node of a bamboo plant fallen across a forest path. [1] [2] Breeding might take place in water pools at the internodes of such bamboo plants. [1]

The Kelabit Highlands in their entirety are threatened by commercial logging. Furthermore, the type of bamboo this species was found in are utilized locally. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Kalophrynus</i>

Kalophrynus is a genus of microhylid frogs. It is the only genus in the subfamily Kalophryninae. The species in this genus are found in southern China, in Southeast Asia to Java and Philippines, and in Assam, India.

<i>Leptobrachium montanum</i> Species of frog

Leptobrachium montanum is a species of frog from the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is, as currently defined, found in Kalimantan (Indonesia), Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), and Labi, Belait (Brunei). However, the nominal Leptobrachium montanum is a composed of more than one lineage. Available information mostly refers to this composite rather than the "true" Leptobrachium montanum. Common names montane large-eyed litter frog, mountain spadefoot toad, and mountain litter frog have been coined for it.

Arcovomer is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Arcovomer passarellii, commonly known as Passarelli's frog. It is endemic to south-eastern Brazil and found in Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states. Frogs from Espírito Santo may represent another, undescribed species. The name honours Antonio Passarelli who collected the holotype.

<i>Glyphoglossus brooksii</i> Species of frog

Glyphoglossus brooksii is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia). Its common names are Brooks' squat frog and Brooks' burrowing frog. It is named after Mr. Cecil J. Brooks who collected the holotype "in a hole whilst prospecting" in Bidi, Sarawak.

Glyphoglossus smithi, also known as Smith's squat frog or Smith's burrowing frog, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo. However, it is likely to occur more widely than currently known and be present in Brunei and Indonesia. The specific name smithi honours Dr Harrison Willard Smith, an American scientist who collected the holotype from the Limbang River district.

Kalophrynus baluensis is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah.

Kalophrynus intermedius is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Brunei, south-central Sarawak (Malaysia), and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Common names intermediate sticky frog, Sarawak grainy frog, and Mengiong sticky frog have been proposed for it.

Kalophrynus menglienicus is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is known from the vicinity of its type locality in Menglian County in southern Yunnnan, China, and from northern Vietnam; it is likely to occur in adjacent Myanmar and northern Laos. Common names Menglien grainy frog, Menglien narrow-mouthed frog, and Menglien dwarf sticky frog have been coined for this species, in reference to the type locality, as is the specific name menglienicus.

Kalophrynus minusculus is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Indonesia and occurs on extreme western Java and on the southeastern tip of Sumatra. It is a relatively small frog, as suggested by its specific name minusculus and vernacular names small sticky frog and dwarf sticky frog.

Kalophrynus nubicola is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo and is only known from the Gunung Mulu National Park. The specific name nubicola means "dwelling in cloud". Common names blue-spotted sticky frog and mossy-forest sticky frog has been coined for this species.

Kalophrynus robinsoni is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Pahang in central Peninsular Malaysia. The specific name robinsoni honours Herbert C. Robinson, a British zoologist and ornithologist. This poorly known species has not been reported since 1922.

Kalophrynus subterrestris is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It endemic to Borneo where it is known from Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), although it is also presumed to be present in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Brunei. Common names burrowing grainy frog and Labang sticky frog have been coined for this species.

Microhyla borneensis, also known as the Matang narrow-mouthed frog, is a species of microhylid frog found in the Matang Range in Sarawak, Borneo. It was once the smallest known frog from the Old World. Adult males of this species have a snout-vent length (SVL) of 10.6–12.8 mm (0.42–0.50 in), but adult males can reach a maximum of 13 mm (0.51 in),and adult females of this species have a snout-vent length of 16–19 mm (0.63–0.75 in), Tadpoles measure just 3 mm.

<i>Nanohyla perparva</i>

Nanohyla perparva is a diminutive species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in Kalimantan (Indonesia), Brunei, and Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia). The nominal species includes distinct lineages that likely represent different species. Common names least narrow-mouthed frog and Labang forest rice frog have been proposed for this species.

<i>Nanohyla petrigena</i> Species of frog

Nanohyla petrigena is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in northern and central Borneo and in the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines. The common names pothole narrow-mouthed frog and Kapit rice frog have been coined for the species.

<i>Stumpffia pygmaea</i> Species of frog

Stumpffia pygmaea is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Madagascar, where it is known from only two islands, Nosy Be and Nosy Komba. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, Stumpffia pygmaea,males with a snout–vent length of 10–12.5 mm (0.39–0.49 in),then females with a snout-vent length of 11 mm (0.43 in).Stumpffia pygmaea is a terrestrial microhylid frog, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Limnonectes kenepaiensis is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to western Borneo and occurs in both Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sarawak (Malaysia), and perhaps in Sabah (Malaysia). Common name Kenepai wart frog has been coined for it. It was first described as subspecies of Limnonectes paramacrodon, which it resembles.

<i>Meristogenys jerboa</i> Species of frog

Meristogenys jerboa is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to western Sarawak in Borneo. Common names western torrent frog, Matang torrent frog, and Gunther's Borneo frog have been coined for it. Many cryptic species have been separated from this species. Based on mitochondrial DNA, current "true" Meristogenys jerboa still includes two major lineages. However, because the lineages occur in sympatry and do not differ in morphology, Shimada and colleagues elected to treat them as intraspecific variants.

Meristogenys macrophthalmus is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sarawak in northern Borneo (Malaysia) and is only known from its type locality in the Bintulu District. The specific name macrophthalmus is derived from the Greek words macros (="large") and ophthalmos (="eye") and refers to the large eyes of this frog. Common names Matsui's Borneo frog, large-eyed torrent frog, and big-eyed torrent frog have been coined for it.

<i>Kalophrynus yongi</i>

Kalophrynus yongi is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae, also known as the Cameron Highland sticky frog. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia and is only known from its type locality near the top of Gunung Brinchang, in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang state. The specific name yongi honours Dr. Yong Hoi-Sen, a zoologist from the University of Malaya.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Das, I. (2004). "Kalophrynus eok". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T57835A11691778. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57835A11691778.en.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Das, I. & Haas, A. (2010). "A new species of Kalophrynus (Anura: Microhylidae) from the highlands of north-central Borneo" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 51: 109–113.
  3. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Kalophrynus eok Das and Haas, 2003". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 Haas, A.; Das, I. & Hertwig, S.T. (2017). "Kalophrynus eok Small Bario Sticky Frog". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Zug, George R. (2015). "Morphology and systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus–pleurostigma populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a taxonomy of the genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian sticky frogs". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Series 4. 62 (5): 135–190.
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