Kamarkawarai-tepui

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Kamarkawarai-tepui
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Kamarkawarai-tepui
Location in Venezuela
Highest point
Elevation 2,400 m (7,900 ft) [1]
Coordinates 05°52′15″N62°00′07″W / 5.87083°N 62.00194°W / 5.87083; -62.00194 Coordinates: 05°52′15″N62°00′07″W / 5.87083°N 62.00194°W / 5.87083; -62.00194
Geography
Location Bolívar, Venezuela

Kamarkawarai-tepui, also spelled Kamarkaiwaran [2] or Camarcai-barai, is the easternmost and tallest of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. [1] It is connected to the two nearest peaks of the massif—Murisipán-tepui and Tereke-yurén-tepui—by a common basement (the westernmost peak, Aparamán-tepui, is relatively isolated by comparison). The mostly bare summit plateau of Kamarkawarai-tepui has a large, collapsed sinkhole opening in its western portion. [1]

Tepui A table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America

A tepui, or tepuy, is a table-top mountain or mesa found in the Guiana Highlands of South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people who inhabit the Gran Sabana.

Los Testigos

Los Testigos, also known as the Aparamán range, is a mountain chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. It consists of four rather small tepuis, forming a bridge between the giant Auyán-tepui to the west and Ptari-tepui to the east. The four major peaks of Los Testigos are : Aparamán-tepui (2,100 m), Murisipán-tepui (2,350 m), Tereke-yurén-tepui (1,900 m), and Kamarkawarai-tepui (2,400 m), the latter three sharing a common slope area. There however remains some confusion in the literature regarding the names of these peaks.

Venezuela Republic in northern South America

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and a large number of small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. With this last country, the Venezuelan government maintains a claim for Guayana Esequiba over an area of 159,542 km2. For its maritime areas, it exercises sovereignty over 71,295 km2 of territorial waters, 22,224 km2 in its contiguous zone, 471,507 km2 of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone, and 99,889 km2 of continental shelf. This marine area borders those of 13 states. The country has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked seventh in the world's list of nations with the most number of species. There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon basin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains, the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

Kamarkawarai-tepui has an elevation of around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) and a summit area of 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi). [1]

See also

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Cerro Huachamacari mountain in Venezuela

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Aprada-tepui mountain

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Araopán-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Araopán-tepui is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It has an elevation of around 2,450 metres (8,040 ft) above sea level. Together with the larger Aprada-tepui to the west, it forms part of the Aprada Massif. A steep, semi-circular ridge connects these two summits.

Chimantá Massif

The Chimantá Massif is a highly fragmented complex of tepuis in Bolívar state, Venezuela. The massif comprises around 11 tepuis and has a total summit area of 615 km2 (237 sq mi) and an estimated slope area of 915 km2 (353 sq mi). It is divided in two by the Río Tírica, with the northern section being both larger and higher. The massif is notable for its high species richness and for its varied habitat types. It reaches an elevation of 2,698 metres (8,852 ft) on its highest peak, Murey-tepui. The massif is situated entirely within the bounds of Canaima National Park. It hosts extensive cave systems, including the world's largest known quartzite cave, Cueva Charles Brewer, named after discoverer Charles Brewer-Carías. The processes behind their speleogenesis are the subject of some debate.

Uei-tepui mountain in Venezuela

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Aparamán-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Aparamán-tepui is the westernmost of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. While the other three tepuis share a common slope area, Aparamán is derived from a separate basement. Aparamán-tepui has an elevation of around 2,100 metres (6,900 ft), a summit area of 1.25 km2 (0.48 sq mi), and an estimated slope area of 28 km2 (11 sq mi). Its mostly bare summit plateau is highly dissected, presenting difficulties even for helicopter landings.

Murisipán-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Murisipán-tepui, also spelled Murosipán or Murochiopán, is one of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. Looking west to east, it is the second major peak of the massif and is connected to the next two—Tereke-yurén-tepui and Kamarkawarai-tepui—by a common basement. Murisipán-tepui has an elevation of around 2,350 metres (7,700 ft) and a summit area of 5 km2 (1.9 sq mi). The mountain's mostly bare summit plateau has a small, seasonal lagoon near its centre.

Tereke-yurén-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Tereke-yurén-tepui is one of the four main tepuis of the Los Testigos chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. Looking west to east, it is the third major peak of the massif and is connected to Murisipán-tepui and Kamarkawarai-tepui by a common basement. With a summit area of 0.63 km2 (0.24 sq mi) and an elevation of around 1,900 metres (6,200 ft), Tereke-yurén-tepui is both the smallest and lowest of the four peaks. Its summit plateau comprises mostly bare rock.

Angasima-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Angasima-tepui, also known as Adanta, Adankasima or Adankachimö, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. A relatively isolated peak, both it and nearby Upuigma-tepui lie just south of the vast Chimantá Massif, from which they are separated by the Río Aparurén valley. Amurí-tepui, the closest member of the Chimantá Massif, is only 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Angasima-tepui.

Eastern Tepuis

The Eastern Tepuis, also known as the Roraima–Ilú range, is a mountain chain stretching for some 60 kilometres (37 mi) along the border between the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba in Guyana, Venezuela and, to a small extent, Brazil. It runs in a northwesterly direction from the tripoint of these countries, closely following the Guyana–Venezuela border, with a single major peak (Uei-tepui) to the south, on the Brazil–Venezuela border. Moving northwest from Uei-tepui (2,150 m), the main summits of this chain are Roraima-tepui (2,810 m), Kukenán-tepui (2,650 m), Yuruaní-tepui (2,400 m), Wadakapiapué-tepui (2,000 m), Karaurín-tepui (2,500 ), Ilú-tepui (2,700 m), and Tramen-tepui. The minor peak of Wei-Assipu-tepui lies entirely outside Venezuela, on the border between Brazil and Guyana. Additionally, there are a number of minor plateaus which form a chain between Uei-tepui and Roraima-tepui. Ilú- and Tramen-tepuis are often treated together since they are joined by a common base.

Wadakapiapué-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Wadakapiapué-tepui, also spelled Wadakapiapö, Wadakapiapo, Wadaka Piapo or Guadacapiapui, is a tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain in Bolívar, Venezuela. It has an elevation of around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). Its tiny tower-like summit has an area of less than 0.01 km2 (0.0039 sq mi), making it the smallest member of the Eastern Tepuis. It lies just west of the much larger Yuruaní-tepui.

Yuruaní-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Yuruaní-tepui, also known by the Pemón name Iwalkarima, Iwalecalima or Iwarkárima, is a tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain primarily situated in Venezuela, while part of the eastern ridge stretches into the disputed Guayana Esequiba territory in Guyana. It has an elevation of around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft), the high plateau being located entirely within Venezuela, and a summit area of 4.38 km2 (1.69 sq mi). It lies just east of the much smaller Wadakapiapué-tepui. This Tepui is not located in the Canaima National Park unlike most other Tepuis in the area.

Uaipán-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Uaipán-tepui, also spelled Waipán, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It is a southern satellite peak of the vast Auyán Massif, with a maximum elevation of around 1,950 metres (6,400 ft). Its mostly forested summit plateau has an area of 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi). The mountain's slope area has been estimated at 60 km2 (23 sq mi).

Karaurín-tepui mountain in Venezuela

Karaurín-tepui, also spelled Caraurín, is a tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It has a maximum elevation of around 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) above sea level. The summit plateau is covered by shrubby vegetation and has an area of 1.88 km2 (0.73 sq mi). The foothills of the tepui are covered in forests. Karaurín-tepui lies just south of the much larger Ilú–Tramen Massif.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Volume 1. Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. pp. 1–61.
  2. Wistuba, A., P. Harbarth & T. Carow (December 2001). Heliamphora folliculata, a new species of Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae) from the ‘Los Testigos’ table mountains in the south of Venezuela. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 30(4): 120–125.