Maringma-tepui

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Maringma-tepui
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Maringma-tepui
Location in Guyana
Highest point
Elevation 2,147 m (7,044 ft) [1]
Coordinates 05°13′N60°35′W / 5.217°N 60.583°W / 5.217; -60.583 Coordinates: 05°13′N60°35′W / 5.217°N 60.583°W / 5.217; -60.583 [1]
Geography
Location Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana

Maringma-tepui, also written Mount Maringma and historically known as Mount Marima, [2] is a small tepui of the Pacaraima Mountains in Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana. It is known as Malaima-tepui in the local Akawaio language. [1] Most published sources place it just inside Guyanese territory, very close to the border with Brazil, and around 17 kilometres (11 mi) east of Roraima-tepui. [1] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] However, the mountain remains the subject of considerable toponymic confusion and its name has been applied to at least one other nearby peak. [nb a]

Contents

The village of Wayalayeng lies at the base of Maringma-tepui and it is from here that the mountain was explored in May–July 2004 by a botanical team of the Smithsonian Institution. [3] Led by David Clarke, this was the first expedition to reach the mountain's summit. [5] It was followed by two further expeditions in February 2006 and late 2007, by Bruce Means and Philippe J. R. Kok et al., respectively. [5]

Maringma-tepui has a maximum elevation of around 2,147 m (7,044 ft) [1] or 2,134 m (7,001 ft). [3] The summit plateau has an area of roughly 170 hectares (420 acres) and is highly uneven, allowing water to collect in many deep, swamp-like pools. [5] It is predominantly covered in low-growing "tepui meadow" vegetation, quaking peat bog, and some dwarf forests of Bonnetia roraimae, with few areas of exposed rock. [1] [5] The dominant plant families include Bonnetiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Clusiaceae, Orchidaceae, Rapateaceae, Sarraceniaceae, and Xyridaceae. [1] Temperatures vary widely on the summit plateau, with extremes of 13.5 and 37.5 °C recorded over a five-day period. [5]

Native herpetofauna include the lizard species Arthrosaura hoogmoedi [1] and Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi [5] (Gymnophthalmidae), as well as the frog species Adelophryne patamona (Eleutherodactylidae); [8] Anomaloglossus kaiei , [7] Anomaloglossus megacephalus, [9] and Anomaloglossus praderioi [7] (Aromobatidae); and Oreophrynella macconnelli and Oreophrynella seegobini (Bufonidae). [10]

See also

Notes

a. ^ The maps provided in Sarraceniaceae of South America place Maringma-tepui on the Brazil–Venezuela border, some distance southeast of Roraima-tepui. [11] The book's authors also state that Maringma-tepui was incorrectly called "Mount Yakontipu" by Fleischmann et al. (2007) [12] in their description of Drosera solaris . [11]

Related Research Articles

Mount Roraima is the highest of the Pakaraima chain of tepuis or plateaux in South America. It is located at the junction of Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana. A characteristic large flat-topped mountain surrounded by cliffs 400 to 1,000 meters high. The highest point of Mount Roraima is located on the southern edge of the cliff at an altitude of 2,810 meters in Venezuela, and another protrusion at an altitude of 2,772 meters at the junction of the three countries in the north of the plateau is the highest point in Guyana. The name of Mount Roraima came from the native Pemon people. Roroi in the Pemon language means "blue-green", and ma means "great".

<i>Heliamphora</i> Genus of carnivorous plants

The genus Heliamphora contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the heli of Heliamphora is from the Greek helios, meaning "sun". In fact, the name derives from helos, meaning marsh, so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus Heliamphora are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape. They have evolved mechanisms to attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher. At least one species produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria.

<i>Oreophrynella</i> Genus of amphibians

Oreophrynella, commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of Oreophrynella weiassipuensis, which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui.

<i>Heliamphora heterodoxa</i> Species of Marsh Pitcher Plant native to Gran Sabana, Venezuela

Heliamphora heterodoxa is a species of marsh pitcher plant native to Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. It was first discovered in 1944 on the slopes interlinking Ptari-tepui and Sororopan-tepui and formally described in 1951.

<i>Heliamphora nutans</i> Species of carnivorous plant

Heliamphora nutans is a species of marsh pitcher plant native to the border area between Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana, where it grows on several tepuis, including Roraima, Kukenán, Yuruaní, Maringma, and Wei Assipu. Heliamphora nutans was the first Heliamphora to be described and is the best known species.

<i>Oreophrynella quelchii</i> Species of amphibian

Oreophrynella quelchii, commonly known as the Roraima black frog or Roraima bush toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. This species is restricted to the transboundary summit of Mount Roraima in Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil, and to the nearby Wei-Assipu-tepui on the Brazil–Guyana border. It has been recorded at elevations of 2,300–2,800 m (7,500–9,200 ft) above sea level.

Oreophrynella weiassipuensis is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is only known from Wei-Assipu-tepui, a tepui on the border between Brazil and Guyana. The holotype was collected in 2000 by a speleological expedition to Wei-Assipu-tepui. No other specimens are known. It is possible that it is present in other localities, but most species of Oreophrynella are endemic to a single mountain.

<i>Anomaloglossus beebei</i> Species of amphibian

Anomaloglossus beebei is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is endemic to Guyana and only found on the Kaieteur Plateau, in the eastern edge of them Pacaraima Mountains. Recently, it has also been found on Mount Ayanganna.

<i>Anomaloglossus praderioi</i> Species of frog

Anomaloglossus praderioi is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is found in the Pantepui region of southeastern Venezuela and western Guyana. More specifically, this frog is known from Mount Roraima, Sierra de Lema in Venezuela, and Maringma-tepui in Guyana. Its actual range is probably wider and might reach into northern Brazil.

<i>Anomaloglossus roraima</i> Species of frog

Anomaloglossus roraima is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. It is found on the tepui of southeastern Venezuela and western Guyana; it is expected to be found in the nearby Brazil. Its type locality is Mount Roraima. It mainly inhabits large bromeliads in tepui scrub and high-tepui meadows at elevations between 1,860–2,700 m (6,100–8,860 ft) asl. The population status is thought to be rare and threatened by disturbance by tourists. The species occurs in Canaima National Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kukenán-tepui</span>

Kukenán, also known as Matawi or Cuquenán, is a tepui in Bolívar State, Guyana Region, Venezuela. It has an estimated surface area of 2185 hectares. It is 2,680 metres (8,790 ft) high and about 3 km (1.9 mi) long. Kukenan Falls, which is 674 m (2,211 ft) high, is located at the south end of the tepui.

Distribution of <i>Heliamphora</i>

The natural range of the carnivorous plant genus Heliamphora is restricted to the southern Venezuelan states of Amazonas and Bolívar, and to adjacent portions of northern Brazil and western Guyana, an area corresponding to the western part of the Guayana Shield. These plants are largely confined to the summits and foothills of the sandstone table-top mountains of the region, known as tepuis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uei-tepui</span>

Uei-tepui, also known as Wei-tepui, Cerro El Sol or Serra do Sol is a tepui on the border between Brazil and Venezuela. It may be considered the southernmost member of the Eastern Tepuis chain.

Angasima-tepui, also known as Adanta, Adankasima or Adankachimö, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. A relatively isolated peak, both it and nearby Upuigma-tepui lie just south of the vast Chimantá Massif, from which they are separated by the Río Aparurén valley. Amurí-tepui, the closest member of the Chimantá Massif, is only 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Angasima-tepui.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Tepuis</span>

The Eastern Tepuis, also known as the Roraima–Ilú range, is a mountain chain stretching for some 60 kilometres (37 mi) along the border between the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba in Guyana, Venezuela and, to a small extent, Brazil. It runs in a northwesterly direction from the tripoint of these countries, closely following the Guyana–Venezuela border, with a single major peak (Uei-tepui) to the south, on the Brazil–Venezuela border. Moving northwest from Uei-tepui (2,150 m), the main summits of this chain are Roraima-tepui (2,810 m), Kukenán-tepui (2,650 m), Yuruaní-tepui (2,400 m), Wadakapiapué-tepui (2,000 m), Karaurín-tepui (2,500 ), Ilú-tepui (2,700 m), and Tramen-tepui. The minor peak of Wei-Assipu-tepui lies entirely outside Venezuela, on the border between Brazil and Guyana. Additionally, there are a number of minor plateaus which form a chain between Uei-tepui and Roraima-tepui. Ilú- and Tramen-tepuis are often treated together since they are joined by a common base.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuruaní-tepui</span>

Yuruaní-tepui, also known by the Pemón name Iwalkarima, Iwalecalima or Iwarkárima, is a tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain primarily situated in Venezuela, while part of the eastern ridge stretches into the disputed Guayana Esequiba territory in Guyana. It has an elevation of around 2,400 metres (7,900 ft), the high plateau being located entirely within Venezuela, and a summit area of 4.38 km2 (1.69 sq mi). It lies just east of the much smaller Wadakapiapué-tepui. This Tepui is not located in the Canaima National Park unlike most other Tepuis in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wei-Assipu-tepui</span>

Wei-Assipu-tepui, also known as Little Roraima or Roraimita, is a minor tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain. It lies just off the northeastern flank of Roraima-tepui, directly on the border between Brazil and the disputed Guayana Esequiba territory, claimed by Venezuela but controlled by Guyana, and very close to the tripoint of all three countries. The mountain is known for its extensive cave systems, with one extending for over a kilometre.

<i>Anomaloglossus</i> Genus of amphibians

Anomaloglossus is a genus of frogs in the family Aromobatidae. The genus is endemic to the Guiana Shield in northern South America. It used to be placed in the family Dendrobatidae, and is still placed in that family by some sources. The name of the genus, from the Greek anomalos and glossa (=tongue), refers to the unusual tongue bearing the median lingual process, the only unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphy of this genus.

Pantepuisaurus is a genus of lizard in the family Gymnophthalmidae. The genus is monotypic, containing only one species, Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi. The species is endemic to Guyana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tepequém</span> Village in Roraima, Brazil

Tepequém is a remote and sparsely populated (2010) village in eastern Amajari, Roraima, Brazil. Diamonds were discovered near the village in the 1930s. The village can be reached by road from the RR-203. The economy is based on tourism.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kok, P.J.R. (20 October 2008). A new highland species of Arthrosaura Boulenger, 1885 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Maringma tepui on the border of Guyana and Brazil. Zootaxa1909: 1–15. [ "first page" (PDF).]
  2. ↑ Maguire, B. (March 1948). Plant explorations in Guiana in 1944, chiefly to the Tafelberg and the Kaieteur Plateau—II. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club75(2): 189–230. JSTOR   2485397
  3. 1 2 3 Kelloff, C.L., S.N. Alexander, V.A. Funk & H.D. Clarke (2011). Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany97: i–viii, 1–307.
  4. ↑ BDG Plant Collectors: David Clarke. National Museum of Natural History.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kok, P.J.R. (2 February 2009). Lizard in the clouds: a new highland genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae (Reptilia: Squamata) from Maringma tepui, western Guyana. Zootaxa1992: 53–67. [ "first page" (PDF).]
  6. ↑ Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, D.B. Means, K. Roelants, I. Van Bocxlaer & F. Bossuyt (7 August 2012). "Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-05.Current Biology22(15): R589–R590. doi : 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.034 "supplementary information" (PDF).[ permanent dead link ]
  7. 1 2 3 Kok, P.J.R. (2010). A redescription of Anomaloglossus praderioi (La Marca, 1998) (Anura: Aromobatidae: Anomaloglossinae), with description of its tadpole and call. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia50(4): 51–68. doi : 10.1590/S0031-10492010000400001
  8. ↑ Fouquet, A., D. Loebmann, S. Castroviejo-Fisher, J.M. Padial, V.G.D. Orrico, M.L. Lyra, I.J. Roberto, P.J.R. Kok, C.F.B. Haddad & M.T. Rodrigues (November 2012). From Amazonia to the Atlantic forest: molecular phylogeny of Phyzelaphryninae frogs reveals unexpected diversity and a striking biogeographic pattern emphasizing conservation challenges. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution65(2): 547–561. doi : 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.012
  9. ↑ Kok, P.J.R., R.D. MacCulloch, A. Lathrop, B. Willaert & F. Bossuyt (28 October 2010). A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Zootaxa2660: 18–32. [ "first page" (PDF).]
  10. ↑ Kok, P.J.R. (14 April 2009). A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa2071: 35–49. [ "first page" (PDF).]
  11. 1 2 McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  12. ↑ Fleischmann, A., A. Wistuba & S. McPherson (21 December 2007). Drosera solaris (Droseraceae), a new sundew from the Guayana Highlands. Willdenowia37(2): 551–555. doi : 10.3372/wi.37.37214

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