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General elections were held in Kenya between 25 September and 2 October 1956, [1] with additional elections in March 1957 for eight African constituencies, the first in which Africans could be elected. [2] The elections in 1956 were open to Europeans and Indians. [3] In the European constituencies the results saw eight Independent Group members and six independents (all from the United Country Party) elected. [4]
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors. At 580,367 square kilometres (224,081 sq mi), Kenya is the world's 48th largest country by total area. With a population of more than 52.2 million people, Kenya is the 27th most populous country. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa. Kisumu City is the third largest city and a critical inland port at Lake Victoria. Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret.
White people in Kenya or White Kenyans, are those born in or resident in Kenya who descend from Europeans and/or identify themselves as white. There is currently a minor but relatively prominent white community in Kenya, mainly descended from British, but also to a lesser extent Italian and Greek, migrants dating from the colonial period.
Indians in Kenya are citizens and residents of Kenya with ancestral roots in the Indian subcontinent. Most are found in the major urban areas of Nairobi and Mombasa, with others living in rural areas.
For the elections for the African constituencies in 1957 there were 37 candidates, whilst voter turnout was 78.5%. [5]
Constituency | Candidate | Party | % | Votes | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aberdare | Humphrey Slade | Independent Group | 666 | 64.47 | Re-elected |
Frederick Willian John Day | Federal Independence Party | 367 | 35.53 | ||
Coast | Shirley Victor Cooke | Independent Group | 167 | 54.58 | Re-elected |
George Alexander Heath | Independent | 139 | 45.42 | ||
Kiambu | Wilfrid Havelock | Independent | 541 | 51.09 | Re-elected |
Richard Leitch Thompson | Independent | 518 | 48.91 | ||
Mau | William Croskill | Independent | 303 | 69.82 | Re-elected |
Duncan Crawford Macleod | Federal Independence Party | 131 | 30.18 | ||
Mombasa | Cyril Usher | Independent | 351 | 54.33 | Re-elected |
Ernest Leslie Howard-Williams | Independent Group | 295 | 45.67 | ||
Mount Kenya | Llewellyn Briggs | Independent Group | 522 | 81.95 | Re-elected |
Peter Derek Marrian | Capricorn | 115 | 18.05 | ||
Nairobi North | Stanley Ghersie | Independent Group | 698 | 56.84 | Re-elected |
Roger Stannard Cameron | Federal Independence Party | 290 | 23.62 | ||
Susan Studd Wood | Capricorn | 166 | 13.52 | ||
Mervyn James Eversfield Morgan | Independent | 74 | 6.03 | ||
Nairobi South | Norman Harris | Independent | 927 | 42.29 | Re-elected |
Leo Eric Vigar | Federal Independence Party | 662 | 30.20 | ||
Joseph Richard Gregory | Independent | 603 | 27.51 | ||
Nairobi West | Reginald Alexander | Independent Group | 610 | 44.62 | Elected |
Clive Wilfred Salter | Independent | 502 | 36.72 | ||
Elizabeth Joan Harcourt Berkley-Matthews | Federal Independence Party | 255 | 18.65 | ||
Nyanza | Agnes Shaw | Independent | 468 | 59.85 | Re-elected |
Noel Mackintosh Stuart Irwin | Independent Group | 314 | 40.15 | ||
Rift Valley | Michael Blundell | Independent | 792 | 64.97 | Re-elected |
Bryan Peter Roberts | Federal Independence Party | 427 | 35.03 | ||
Trans Nzoia | James Maxwell | Independent Group | 419 | 48.44 | Elected |
Stephen Howard Powles | Independent | 383 | 44.28 | ||
Oliver Roach Arnell | Federal Independence Party | 63 | 7.28 | ||
Uasin Gishu | Eugenie Dorothy Hughes | Independent Group | 486 | 54.55 | Elected |
Laurence Maconochie-Welwood | Independent | 405 | 45.45 | Defeated | |
Ukamba | Charles Markham | Independent Group | Unopposed | Elected | |
Total | 12,659 | ||||
Source: East Africa and Rhodesia [6] [7] |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eastern (Muslim) | Sayed Ghula Hassan Sayed Ali Mohamed Shah | 2,986 | 55.23 | Re-elected |
Nurmohamed Abdul Husein Kalian | 2,420 | 44.77 | ||
Eastern (non-Muslim) | Pandya Anantprasad Jagannath Pandya | 4,712 | 57.60 | Elected |
Devchand Premchand Chandaria | 3,469 | 42.40 | ||
Central (non-Muslim) | Nahar Singh Mangat (Capricorn) | 8,487 | 32.26 | Elected |
Chunilal Madan | 6,913 | 26.28 | Re-elected | |
Bachulal Tribhovan Gotham | 6,459 | 24.55 | ||
Chanan Singh | 3,559 | 13.53 | Defeated | |
Biant Bhagat Singh | 889 | 3.38 | ||
Western (Muslim) | Ibrahim Nathoo | 3,368 | 63.61 | Chanan Singh |
Shaikh Mohamed Amin | 1,522 | 28.74 | ||
Gulamhussein Kassam Ishani | 405 | 7.65 | ||
Western (non-Muslim) | John Nazareth | 2,763 | 36.81 | Elected |
Ahluwalia Pritam | 2,591 | 34.51 | ||
Jethabhai Somabhai Patel | 2,147 | 28.60 | Defeated | |
Ram Piara Durga Das Joshi | 6 | 0.08 | ||
Total | 52,696 | |||
Source: East African and Rhodesia [6] |
Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Mahfood Saleh Mackawi | 1,443 | 56.54 | Elected |
Ali Abdalla | 1,109 | 43.46 | |
Total | 2,552 | 100 | |
Source: East Africa and Rhodesia [6] |
Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central Province | Bernard Mate | 24,758 | 50.94 | Elected |
Wambu Mathu | 14,774 | 30.39 | Incumbent | |
Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah | 5,684 | 11.69 | ||
David Wauhiu | 2,026 | 4.17 | ||
Stephen Kioni | 1,365 | 2.81 | ||
Coast Province | Ronald Ngala | 3,406 | 36.19 | Elected |
Dawson Mwanyumba | 2,539 | 26.98 | ||
Francis Joseph Khamisi | 2,267 | 24.09 | ||
Cladius Mwalenga Mwashumbe | 712 | 7.56 | ||
James Jeremiah | 488 | 5.18 | Incumbent | |
Nairobi | Tom Mboya | 2,138 | 50.25 | Elected |
Chiedo Mor Gem Argwings-Kodhek | 1,746 | 41.03 | ||
Muchochi Gikonyo | 238 | 5.59 | Incumbent | |
John Mackenzi Kasyoka | 133 | 3.13 | ||
Nyanza Central | Oginga Odinga | 9,316 | 63.84 | Elected |
Appolo Ohanga | 3,360 | 23.03 | Incumbent | |
Henry Dixon Odaba | 872 | 5.98 | ||
Godfrey Nathaniel Onyolo | 642 | 4.40 | ||
Edward Peter Oranga | 402 | 2.75 | ||
Nyanza North | Masinde Muliro | 6,728 | 30.61 | Elected |
Wycliffe Works Wasya Awori | 6,071 | 27.62 | Incumbent | |
Christopher Nathaniel Waudo Siganga | 4,438 | 20.19 | ||
Joseph Daniel Otiende | 1,753 | 7.98 | ||
Webungo Bukachi Akatsa | 1,646 | 7.49 | ||
Joseph George Wamukoya Kadima | 1,344 | 6.11 | ||
Nyanza South | Lawrence Oguda | 13,882 | 41.26 | Elected |
John Kebaso Kebaso | 8,200 | 24.37 | ||
Taita arap Towett | 6,308 | 18.75 | ||
John Joseph Bonga | 3,235 | 9.62 | ||
Gordon Orinda Okun | 1,299 | 3.86 | ||
Francis Kiprotich arap Chuma | 721 | 2.14 | Incumbent | |
Rift Valley | Daniel arap Moi | 4,773 | 71.88 | Re-elected |
Justus Kandet ole Tipis | 1,340 | 20.18 | ||
John Moroiyan ole Tameno | 527 | 7.94 | ||
Southern/Ukambani | James Muimi | 8,857 | 46.61 | Re-elected |
David Ngati Mumu | 7,027 | 36.98 | ||
Martin Joseph Makilya | 3,119 | 16.41 | ||
Total | 158,134 | |||
Source: East Africa and Rhodesia [8] |
Elections in Kenya take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy and a presidential system. The President, Senate and National Assembly are directly elected by voters, with elections organised by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).
Elections in Southern Rhodesia were used from 1899 to 1923 to elect part of the Legislative Council and from 1924 to elect the whole of the Legislative Assembly which governed the colony. Since the granting of self-government in 1923, Southern Rhodesia used the Westminster parliamentary system as its basis of government. The Political party that had most of the seats in the Legislative Assembly became the government. The person in charge of this bloc was the Premier, later renamed Prime Minister, who then chose his cabinet from his elected colleagues.
The Rhodesia general election of 30 July 1974 saw the Rhodesian Front of Ian Smith re-elected, once more winning every one of the 50 seats elected by white voters.
The Southern Rhodesia general election of 1962 took place on 14 December 1962. Voters elected 65 members of the Legislative Assembly. The election was notable for bringing to power the Rhodesian Front, initially under Winston Field, which set the colony on the course for its eventual Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland general election of 15 December 1953 was the first election to the legislative assembly of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which had been formed a few months before. The election saw a landslide victory for the Federal Party under Godfrey Huggins, who had been Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia for the past 20 years.
General elections were held in Kenya Colony on 12 February 1927.
General elections were held in Kenya Colony in 1934, with the first seats elected on 28 March. Four candidates were returned unopposed in the eleven Europeans constituencies, whilst the remaining seven constituencies were contested by 18 candidates. For the five Indian seats, there were 17 candidates. Voter turnout in the White seats was the highest since elections were introduced. The Council convened for the first time after the election on 24 April.
General elections were held in Kenya Colony between 26 March and 2 April 1938. Three of the eleven white seats in the Legislative Council were uncontested, whilst all Indian seats were contested, and saw more businessmen were elected than politicians. Lady Sidney Farrar became the country's first female Legislative Council member after defeating Conway Harvey in the Nyanza constituency by two votes.
General elections were held in Kenya in 1952.
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 19 February 1954. The result was a victory for the Federal Party, which won 10 of the 12 elected European seats in the Legislative Council.
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 20 March 1959, although voting did not take place in two constituencies until 9 April. The United Federal Party (UFP) was expected to win the elections, and did so by taking 13 of the 22 elected seats on the Legislative Council.
General elections were held for the first time in Nyasaland on 15 March 1956.
Federal elections were held in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland on 12 November 1958. The result was a victory for the ruling United Federal Party, with Roy Welensky remaining Prime Minister.
General elections were held in Kenya in May 1948.
General elections were held in Kenya in September 1944.
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 29 September 1944.
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 29 August 1941. All five Labour Party candidates won their seats.
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 14 August 1948.
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