Kimberly Prather

Last updated
Kimberly A. Prather
Education University of California, Davis, PhD
Awards National Academy of Engineering induction
National Academy of Sciences induction
Scientific career
Institutions Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California, San Diego
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Riverside
Website https://caice.ucsd.edu/kimberly-prather/

Kimberly A. Prather is an American atmospheric chemist. She is a distinguished chair in atmospheric chemistry and a distinguished professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and department of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San Diego. Her work focuses on how humans are influencing the atmosphere and climate. In 2019, she was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for technologies that transformed understanding of aerosols and their impacts on air quality, climate, and human health. In 2020, she was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. She is also an elected Fellow of the American Philosophical Society, American Geophysical Union, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Contents

Education and early career

Prather was born in Santa Rosa, California. [1] She studied at Santa Rosa Junior College and University of California, Davis, earning a bachelor's degree in 1985 and a PhD in 1990. [2] She served as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley between 1990 and 1992, working with Nobel Laureate Yuan T. Lee. [1] Prather joined University of California, Riverside as an assistant professor in 1992. [3] During her time at UC Riverside she began to work on aerosol mass spectrometry, developing ways to make it compact and transportable. She patented the technology. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Research

Schematic of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) ATOFMS.png
Schematic of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS)

In 2001, Prather joined the faculty at the University of California, San Diego as a member of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. [9] Prather's early research focused on determining the major sources of fine particle pollution in California as well as in the Northeastern United States. [10] [11] As part of this research, she explored methods to distinguish between different aerosol sources based on their single particle composition and size. [10] [12] She developed aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), a technique with high temporal and size resolution. [13] [14] In 1999 she began to work with the University of Rochester studying the health effects of ultrafine particles. [15] [16] [17] She refined the detection technique so that it would precisely measure the size and composition of small particles. [18] The ultrafine ATOFMS was able to examine exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles. [19] She found that alongside the freeway, particles between 50 and 300 nm were mainly due to heavy-duty vehicles (51%) and light-duty vehicles (32%). [19] She used the ultrafine ATOFMS to study atmospheric composition, combining it with ozone and NOx measurements. [20] [21] ATOFMS is now widely used in atmospheric studies around the world. [1]

In 2003, she joined the advisory board of United States Environmental Protection Agency PM2.5 Clean Air. [22] Between 2003 and 2006 Prather studied whether ATOFMS could be used to measure the carbonaceous components of aerosols (including PAHs) and help to understand atmospheric processes, distinguishing between organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). [23] Prather showed it was possible to distinguish EC and OC on a single particle level, and investigated their chemical associations with ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate. [24] Her group explored ways to calibrate the ATOFMS data, making real-time apportionment of ambient particles possible. [24] They did this by classifying particles using an artificial neural network (ART-2a). [24] In 2008 she became the co-lead scientist in CalWater in collaboration with F. Martin Ralph; a multi-year interdisciplinary research effort focusing on how aerosols are impacting the water supply in the West Coast of the United States. [25] Her PhD student Kerri Pratt led the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Layer Clouds (ICE-L) study. [26] ICE-L included the first aircraft ATOFMS, named Shirley. [26] [4] Pratt and Prather studied ice crystals in situ on high speed aircraft flying above Wyoming, and found that the particles were mainly composed of dust or biological particles (bacteria, fungal spores or plants). [26] Understanding the composition of airborne particles is imperative to properly evaluate their impact on climate change, as well as provide insight into how aerosol impact cloud formation and precipitation. [26] [27]

CAICE Director Kimberly Prather talks to her graduate student (Christopher Lee) in the Hydraulics Lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanography during IMPACTS 2014. CAICE IMPACTS 2014.jpg
CAICE Director Kimberly Prather talks to her graduate student (Christopher Lee) in the Hydraulics Lab at Scripps Institution of Oceanography during IMPACTS 2014.

In 2010 she became the founding director of the NSF Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE). [28] CAICE became a National Science Foundation Phase II Center for Chemical Innovation in 2013. [29] In this role, Prather develops new analytical techniques for studying aerosol chemistry. [28] Her group demonstrated that dust and bioaerosols that travel from as far away as the Sahara can enhance precipitation in Western United States. [30] Prather's group is studying the microbes that transfer from the ocean, become airborne and contribute to the global temperature. [31] Ocean-in-the lab experiments are conducted by transferring thousands of gallons of seawater from the Pacific Ocean, producing waves, and adding nutrients to induce the growth of microbes. [31] As part of CAICE, her group was the first to identify the major factors controlling chemical composition of sea spray, finding that the characteristics depended on the physical forces and ocean biology of the waves. [29] They demonstrated two types of droplets; "film" drops that were full of microbes and organic materials, and "jet" drops that mainly contained sea salt and other biological species. [29] Prather's research team can now explore the impact of carbon dioxide on the global temperature by controlling the amount entering their ocean simulation chamber. [31] [32] The Scripps Ocean Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS) became operational in the summer of 2022 and is being used to study how wind, temperature, sunlight and pollution impact the ocean and atmosphere. [33] CAICE funding was extended by the National Science Foundation in 2018, with a second $20 million grant allowing them to investigate the interaction of human pollution with ocean-produced gases and aerosols. [34]

Awards and honors

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References

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  2. ↑ "Research Profiles". Research Profiles. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  3. ↑ Quinn, Patricia K.; Collins, Douglas B.; Grassian, Vicki H.; Prather, Kimberly A.; Bates, Timothy S. (2015-04-06). "Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol". Chemical Reviews. 115 (10): 4383–4399. doi:10.1021/cr500713g. ISSN   0009-2665. PMID   25844487.
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  12. ↑ Bhave, Prakash V.; Fergenson, David P.; Prather, Kimberly A.; Cass, Glen R. (2001-05-01). "Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter by Clustering Single-Particle Data: Tests of Receptor Model Accuracy". Environmental Science & Technology. 35 (10): 2060–2072. Bibcode:2001EnST...35.2060B. doi:10.1021/es0017413. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   11393988.
  13. ↑ Bhave, Prakash V.; Allen, Jonathan O.; Morrical, Bradley D.; Fergenson, David P.; Cass, Glen R.; Prather, Kimberly A. (2002-11-01). "A Field-Based Approach for Determining ATOFMS Instrument Sensitivities to Ammonium and Nitrate" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 36 (22): 4868–4879. Bibcode:2002EnST...36.4868B. doi:10.1021/es015823i. ISSN   0013-936X. PMID   12487311.
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  17. ↑ Spencer, Matthew T.; Prather, Kimberly A. (2006). "Using ATOFMS to Determine OC/EC Mass Fractions in Particles". Aerosol Science and Technology. 40 (8): 585–594. Bibcode:2006AerST..40..585S. doi: 10.1080/02786820600729138 .
  18. ↑ Su, Yongxuan; Sipin, Michele F.; Furutani, Hiroshi; Prather, Kimberly A. (2004-02-01). "Development and Characterization of an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Increased Detection Efficiency". Analytical Chemistry. 76 (3): 712–719. doi:10.1021/ac034797z. ISSN   0003-2700. PMID   14750867.
  19. 1 2 Toner, Stephen M.; Shields, Laura G.; Sodeman, David A.; Prather, Kimberly A. (2008-01-01). "Using mass spectral source signatures to apportion exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles in a freeway study using UF-ATOFMS". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (3): 568–581. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..568T. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.005. ISSN   1352-2310.
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  30. ↑ Prather, Kimberly A.; Tomlinson, Jason M.; Comstock, Jennifer M.; Minnis, Patrick; Ralph, F. Martin; White, Allen B.; Sullivan, Ryan C.; DeMott, Paul J.; Cazorla, Alberto (2013-03-29). "Dust and Biological Aerosols from the Sahara and Asia Influence Precipitation in the Western U.S.". Science. 339 (6127): 1572–1578. Bibcode:2013Sci...339.1572C. doi:10.1126/science.1227279. ISSN   1095-9203. PMID   23449996. S2CID   2276891.
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  32. ↑ Prather, Kimberly A.; Dupont, Christopher L.; Burkart, Michael D.; Knight, Rob; Azam, Farooq; Malfatti, Francesca; Beall, Charlotte M.; Pham, Kevin M.; Lee, Christopher (2018-05-22). "Taxon-specific aerosolization of bacteria and viruses in an experimental ocean-atmosphere mesocosm". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2017. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2017M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04409-z. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   5964107 . PMID   29789621.
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  35. ↑ "Research Awards". www.asms.org. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
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  40. ↑ "Members of the UCSD Community Recognized for Sustainability Efforts". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  41. ↑ "Five UC San Diego Professors Named 2009 AAAS Fellows". ucsdnews.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  42. ↑ "Prather". Honors Program. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  43. ↑ "American Chemical Society President elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  44. ↑ "ACS Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  45. ↑ "Haagen-Smit Award Recipients | California Air Resources Board". ww2.arb.ca.gov. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  46. ↑ "Faculty Members Celebrated for Seeing the Classroom and World Differently". today.ucsd.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
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