L'Avventura

Last updated

L'Avventura
L'avventuraSmall.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni
Screenplay by
Story byMichelangelo Antonioni
Produced byAmato Pennasilico
Starring
Cinematography Aldo Scavarda
Edited by Eraldo Da Roma
Music by Giovanni Fusco
Production
companies
  • Cino Del Duca
  • Produzioni Cinematografiche Europee
  • Société Cinématographique Lyre
Distributed by
  • Cino Del Duca (Italy)
  • Athos Films (France)
Release dates
  • 15 May 1960 (1960-05-15)(Cannes)
  • 14 September 1960 (1960-09-14)(France)
  • 29 September 1960 (1960-09-29)(Italy)
Running time
143 minutes
Countries
LanguageItalian

L'Avventura (English: "The Adventure") is a 1960 drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Developed from a story by Antonioni with co-writers Elio Bartolini and Tonino Guerra, the film is about the disappearance of a young woman (Lea Massari) during a boating trip in the Mediterranean, and the subsequent search for her by her lover (Gabriele Ferzetti) and her best friend (Monica Vitti). It was filmed on location in Rome, the Aeolian Islands, and Sicily in 1959 under difficult financial and physical conditions. The film is noted for its unusual pacing, which emphasizes visual composition, mood, and character over traditional narrative development.

Contents

L'Avventura was nominated for numerous awards and was awarded the Jury Prize at the 1960 Cannes Film Festival. The film made Vitti an international star. [2] According to an Antonioni obituary, the film "systematically subverted the filmic codes, practices and structures in currency at its time". [3] L'Avventura is the first film of a trilogy by Antonioni, followed by La Notte (1961) and L'Eclisse (1962). [4] [5] [6] [N 1] It has appeared on Sight & Sound 's list of the critics' top ten greatest films ever made three times in a row: It was voted second in 1962, fifth in 1972 and seventh in 1982. In 2010, it was ranked number 40 on Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema". The film would go on to influence several arthouse directors, including Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Jia Zhangke, and Hirokazu Kore-eda. [7]

Plot

Anna and her friend Claudia meet up at Anna's father's villa before embarking on a yachting trip along the Mediterranean. They head into Rome to meet Anna's boyfriend, Sandro, near the Pons Fabricius. While Claudia waits downstairs, Anna and Sandro have sex in his house. Sandro then drives the two women to the coast where they join two affluent couples for their voyage. The next day, the group reaches the Aeolian Islands, and Anna jumps into the water for a swim. Sandro follows her when she claims to have seen a shark, only to discover later that it was a lie.

During their trip, Anna confides in Sandro about her unhappiness with his frequent business trips, but he dismisses her concerns and takes a nap on the rocks. Later, Corrado becomes concerned about the weather and decides to leave the island. However, Anna goes missing, and Sandro brushes it off as typical behavior. They search the island, to no avail. Sandro, Corrado and Claudia stay behind to continue the search, while the others notify the authorities. As they search, Sandro takes offense when Claudia suggests his neglect may have played a role in Anna's disappearance.

The police conduct a thorough search but find nothing, and Anna's father arrives. Sandro decides to investigate nearby smugglers, but before leaving, he kisses Claudia, startling her. She decides to search other islands alone, and they agree to meet up later in Palermo. Sandro realizes that the smugglers have no information about Anna's disappearance. When Claudia arrives, they meet at the train station, and their mutual attraction is evident, but Claudia urges him to leave. She boards a train to Palermo, and as it departs, Sandro jumps aboard. Claudia is annoyed, but Sandro sees no sense in sacrificing their attraction. Claudia is troubled by how easily things can change. Sandro relents and gets off the train at Castroreale.

In Messina, Sandro meets with journalist Zuria, who suggests Anna may have been seen by a chemist in Troina. Sandro bribes Zuria for another story and heads to Troina. Meanwhile, Claudia arrives at Corrado's villa, where no one takes Anna's disappearance seriously. Claudia leaves for Troina after reading Zuria's follow-up story. In Troina, Sandro and Claudia track down a chemist who claims to have sold tranquilizers to Anna. They learn that the woman identified by the chemist left for Noto in southern Sicily. Together, they drive south, stopping at a deserted village before having sex on a hill overlooking the town. In Noto, they search for Anna at the Trinacria Hotel, but find nothing. Claudia remains conflicted between her feelings for Sandro and her loyalty to Anna.

At the Chiesa del Collegio, Sandro reveals his disappointment with his career and proposes to Claudia, but she declines. The next morning, they both seem to be passionately in love, but Claudia resists his advances and suggests they leave. In Taormina, Sandro and Claudia stay at the San Domenico Palace Hotel while Sandro's boss and his wife prepare for a party. Claudia decides to skip it, while Sandro checks out the women and recognizes Gloria Perkins, a beautiful 19-year-old "writer" and aspiring actress who is actually a high-end prostitute. Later, Claudia searches for Sandro and finds him embracing Gloria. Heartbroken, Claudia runs off, and Sandro follows her to the hotel terrace. There, they both cry and Claudia enigmatically places her hand on Sandro's head as they look out at Mount Etna in the distance.

Cast

Production

Shooting

Shooting began in August 1959 and lasted until 15 January 1960. Antonioni began filming the island sequence with the scenes immediately after Anna disappears. The majority of shooting on the island was filmed on the island Lisca Bianca (white fish bone) with a cast and crew of 50 people. Other locations for the island sequence included Panarea (which was the production's headquarters), Mondello and Palermo. Filming the island sequence was intended to take three weeks, but ended up lasting for four months. Difficulties included the islands being infested with rats, mosquitoes and reptiles; also, the weather was unexpectedly cold, and the navy ship hired to transport the cast and crew to the island every day never appeared. In order to carry personal items and equipment to the island, the crew had to build small rafts out of empty gas canisters and wooden planks; these were towed by a launching tug every morning. [8]

One week after shooting began, the film's production company went bankrupt, leaving the production in short supplies of food and water. Antonioni still had a large supply of film stock and managed to get the cast and crew to work for free until funding for the film was found. At one point, ships stopped making trips to Lisca Bianca, and the cast and crew were stranded for three days without food or blankets. Eventually, the crew went on strike and Antonioni and his assistant director shot the film themselves. [8] Due to the rough condition of the sea and the difficulty in landing a ship on the rough rocks of Lisca Bianca, the cast and crew were forced to sleep on the island. Antonioni has stated that he "woke up every morning at 3 o'clock in order to be alone and reflect on what I was doing in order to re-load myself against fatigue and a strange form of apathy or absence of will, which often took hold of us all". [9] After several weeks of Antonioni and the crew working without a budget, the production company Cino del Duca agreed to finance the film and sent money to him. [8]

Whilst shooting on the 40-foot yacht for scenes early in the film, the cast and crew totaled 23 people. Antonioni had wanted to shoot the film chronologically, but the yacht was not available until November. Owing to the cold weather, actress Lea Massari developed a cardiac condition after spending several days swimming in the Mediterranean Sea during filming, and spent several days in a coma after being rushed to Rome for medical treatment. [8]

After completing the island sequence, filming continued throughout Sicily and Italy. The sequence on the train from Castroreale to Cefalù took two days to shoot instead of the intended three hours. The scene in Messina where Sandro encounters Gloria Perkins took two days to shoot; Antonioni initially wanted 400 extras for it. Only 100 turned up, so crew members recruited passers-by on the street to appear in the scene. [8] The sequence where Sandro and Claudia visit a deserted town was shot in Santa Panagia, near Catania in Sicily; buildings there were commissioned by Benito Mussolini, and were examples of fascist architecture of the Mezzogiorno . The scene where Sandro and Claudia first have sex took 10 days to shoot, owing to the crew having to wait for a train to pass by every morning. [8]

Filming locations

L'Avventura was filmed on location in Rome, the Aeolian Islands, and Sicily. [10] [11]

Music

The film's musical score was composed by Giovanni Fusco, who had scored all of Antonioni's films up to that time. Antonioni usually only used diegetic music in his films and this was one of the latter times that he (briefly) included a musical score for scenes other than during the credits. For L'Avventura, Antonioni asked Fusco to compose "jazz as though it had been written in the Hellenic era". [8]

Production notes

Release

Box office

L'Avventura grossed 340 million lire in Italy during its initial release in Italy. [13]

Critical response

Despite the film's eventual lionization by film scholars, the film received a harsh reception at its opening in May at the 1960 Cannes Film Festival. It is one of the festival's more notorious reactions. According to Vitti, the screening of Cannes was a real-life drama. From the opening titles, despite the film's serious tone, laughs erupted in a dark theater packed with critics and photographers. Laughs continued through the runtime, joined by boos. Gene Youngblood said that audience members usually booed during long sequences where nothing happened to further the film's plot, but has asserted that "quite a lot is happening in these scenes". [8] Antonioni and Vitti, who claimed she was sobbing, fled the theater.

The next day, however, the filmmakers were sent a list of signatures from established filmmakers and writers who declared that L'Avventura was the best film screened at Cannes. After a second screening, the film went on to win the Jury Prize [14] at the same festival, and went on to international box office success and what has been described as "hysteria". Youngblood described the trilogy of which L'Avventura is the first component as a "unified statement about the malady of the emotional life in contemporary times". [15]

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times called the film a "weird adventure" and praised its cinematography and performances. [16] Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice called it the movie-going phenomenon of 1961, and praised Antonioni's depiction of characters that cannot communicate with each other. [17] Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic wrote that "Antonioni is trying to exploit the unique powers of the film as distinct from the theater. ... He attempts to get from film the same utility of the medium itself as a novelist whose point is not story but mood and character and for whom the texture of the prose works as much as what he says in the prose". [18]

Martin Scorsese included it on a list of "39 Essential Foreign Films for a Young Filmmaker". [19]

Alexander Walker judged it the best film ever made. [20]

Accolades

AwardYearCategoryRecipient(s)Result
British Film Institute Awards [21] 1960 Sutherland Trophy Michelangelo Antonioni Won
Cannes Film Festival [14] Jury Prize Won
Palme d'Or Nominated
BAFTA Award [22] 1961 Best Film Nominated
Best Foreign Actress Monica Vitti Nominated
Globo d'oro Best Breakthrough ActressWon
Nastro d'Argento Best Director Michelangelo AntonioniNominated
Best Original StoryNominated
Best Actress Monica VittiNominated
Best Supporting Actress Lea Massari Nominated
Best Score Giovanni Fusco Won
Best Cinematography, Black-and-White Aldo Scavarda Nominated

Home media

A digitally restored version of the film (optimal image quality: RSDL dual-layer edition) was released on DVD by The Criterion Collection (under license of Columbia TriStar) in June 2001. The release includes audio commentary by film historian Gene Youngblood, an English subtitle translation, a 58-minute documentary by Gianfranco Mingozzi titled Antonioni: Documents and Testimonials (1966), and writings by Antonioni read by Jack Nicholson with Nicholson's personal recollections of the director.

Legacy

L'Avventura influenced the visual language of cinema, changing how subsequent films looked, and has been named by some critics as one of the best ever made. However, it has been criticized by others for its seemingly uneventful plot and slow pacing, along with the existentialist themes. [2] [3] [23] [24] Youngblood wrote that "very few films in the history of cinema have broken the standard rules of cinematic grammar so elegantly, so subtly, as this film". [8] Jonathan Rosenbaum has called it a masterpiece. [25] Roger Ebert wrote that he came to like the film later in life when he began to admire the "clarity and passion Antonioni brought to the film's silent cry of despair". [26] Geoff Andrew of Time Out London criticized the film, writing that "if it once seemed the ultimate in arty, intellectually chic movie-making, the film now looks all too studied and remote a portrait of emotional sterility". [27] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune defended the film against Andrew's criticism, writing that "it's easy to bash Antonioni as passe. It's harder, I think, to explain the cinematic power of the way his camera watches, and waits, while the people on screen stave off a dreadful loneliness". [28]

It has appeared on Sight & Sound 's list of the critics' top 10 greatest films ever made three times in a row: it was voted second in 1962, [29] fifth in 1972 and seventh in 1982. [30] In 2012, it ranked number 21 (with 43 votes) in the critics' poll and number 30 (14 votes) in the directors' poll. [31] In 2010, it was ranked number 40 on Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema". [32] The film was included on BBC Culture's 2018 list of The 100 greatest foreign language films ranked by 209 film critics from 43 countries around the world. [33]

Meaning

Much has been made of Anna's unsolved disappearance, which Roger Ebert has described as being linked to the film's mostly wealthy, bored, and spoiled characters, none of whom have fulfilling relationships. They are all, according to Ebert, "on the brink of disappearance". [26]

According to Alain Robbe-Grillet, many shots in the "continental" part of the film are taken from the point of view of an unseen character, as if Anna was following Sandro and Claudia to see what they would do. [34] When asked, Antonioni told Robbe-Grillet that the "missing" scene (showing Anna's body recovered from the sea) was scripted and actually filmed but did not make it into the final cut, apparently for timing reasons. [34]

Notes

  1. ↑ The form of the "trilogy" comes from the parallel between the first two films, particularly in their endings which are countered by L'Eclisse. The first two end at dawn with a renewal of a relationship which had been partly destroyed. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michelangelo Antonioni</span> Italian film director and screenwriter (1912–2007)

Michelangelo Antonioni was an Italian director and filmmaker. He is best known for his "trilogy on modernity and its discontents"—L'Avventura (1960), La Notte (1961), and L'Eclisse (1962), the English-language film Blowup (1966) and the multilingual The Passenger (1975). His films have been described as "enigmatic and intricate mood pieces" that feature elusive plots, striking visual composition, and a preoccupation with modern landscapes. His work substantially influenced subsequent art cinema. Antonioni received numerous awards and nominations throughout his career, being the only director to have won the Palme d'Or, the Golden Lion, the Golden Bear and the Golden Leopard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeolian Islands</span> Volcanically active archipelago off the northern coast of Sicily, Italy

The Aeolian Islands, sometimes referred to as the Lipari Islands or Lipari group after their largest island, are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily, said to be named after Aeolus, the mythical ruler of the winds. The islands' inhabitants are known as Aeolians. The islands had a permanent population of 14,224 at the 2011 census; the latest official estimate is 15,419 as of 1 January 2019. The Aeolian Islands are a popular tourist destination in the summer and attract up to 600,000 visitors annually.

<i>Blowup</i> 1966 film by Michelangelo Antonioni

Blowup is a 1966 psychological mystery film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, co-written by Antonioni, Tonino Guerra and Edward Bond and produced by Carlo Ponti. It is Antonioni's first entirely English-language film and stars David Hemmings, Vanessa Redgrave and Sarah Miles. Model Veruschka von Lehndorff is also featured as herself. The plot was inspired by Argentine-French writer Julio Cortázar's 1959 short story "Las babas del diablo", which was later retitled "Blow-Up" to tie in with the film.

<i>Red Desert</i> (film) 1964 film

Red Desert is a 1964 psychological drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Monica Vitti and Richard Harris. Written by Antonioni and Tonino Guerra, it was Antonioni's first color film. Set in Northern Italy, the story follows a troubled woman who is unable to adapt to her environment after an automobile accident.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monica Vitti</span> Italian actress (1931–2022)

Maria Luisa Ceciarelli, known professionally as Monica Vitti, was an Italian actress who starred in several award-winning films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni during the 1960s. She appeared with Marcello Mastroianni, Alain Delon, Richard Harris, Terence Stamp, and Dirk Bogarde. On her death, Italian culture minister Dario Franceschini called her "the Queen of Italian cinema".

<i>Eros</i> (film) 2004 film by Wong Kar-wai, Michelangelo Antonioni, Steven Soderbergh

Eros is a 2004 anthology film consisting of three short segments: The Hand directed by Wong Kar-wai in Mandarin, Equilibrium by Steven Soderbergh in English, and The Dangerous Thread of Things by Michelangelo Antonioni in Italian. Each segment addresses the themes of love and sex.

<i>The White Sheik</i> 1952 Italian film

The White Sheik is a 1952 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Alberto Sordi, Leopoldo Trieste, Brunella Bovo and Giulietta Masina. Written by Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio Flaiano and Michelangelo Antonioni, the film is about a man who brings his new bride to Rome for their honeymoon, to have an audience with the Pope, and to present his wife to his family. When the young woman sneaks away to find the hero of her romance photonovels, the man is forced to spend hour after hour making excuses to his eager family who want to meet his missing bride. The White Sheik was filmed on location in Fregene, Rome, Spoleto and Vatican City.

<i>LEclisse</i> 1962 film by Michelangelo Antonioni

L'Eclisse is a 1962 romantic drama film co-written and directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Alain Delon and Monica Vitti, with Francisco Rabal, Lilla Brignone, and Louis Seigner. Filmed on location in Rome and Verona, the story follows a young woman (Vitti) who pursues an affair with a confident young stockbroker (Delon). Antonioni attributed some of his inspiration for L'Eclisse to when he filmed a solar eclipse in Florence. The film is considered the last part of a trilogy and is preceded by L'Avventura (1960) and La Notte (1961).

<i>La Notte</i> 1961 film by Michelangelo Antonioni

La Notte is a 1961 drama film co-written and directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Marcello Mastroianni, Jeanne Moreau and Monica Vitti. Filmed on location in Milan, the film depicts a single day and night in the lives of a disillusioned novelist (Mastroianni) and his alienated wife (Moreau) as they move through various social circles. The film continues Antonioni's tradition of abandoning traditional storytelling in favor of visual composition, atmosphere, and mood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tonino Guerra</span> Italian concentration camp survivor, poet, writer and screenwriter (1920–2012)

Antonio "Tonino" Guerra was an Italian poet, writer and screenwriter who collaborated with some of the most prominent film directors in the world such as Andrei Tarkovsky, Michelangelo Antonioni, Theo Angelopoulos, and Federico Fellini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gene Youngblood</span> American media theorist (1942–2021)

Gene Youngblood was an American theorist of media arts and politics, and a respected scholar in the history and theory of alternative cinemas. His best-known book, Expanded Cinema, was the first to consider video as an art form and has been credited with helping to legitimate the fields of computer art and media arts. He is also known for his pioneering work in the media democracy movement, a subject on which he taught, wrote, and lectured, beginning in 1967.

<i>Il Grido</i> 1957 film

Il grido is a 1957 Italian drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Steve Cochran, Alida Valli, and Betsy Blair. It received the Golden Leopard at the 1957 Locarno Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

<i>Le Amiche</i> 1955 Italian film

Le amiche is a 1955 Italian drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Eleonora Rossi Drago, Gabriele Ferzetti, Franco Fabrizi, and Valentina Cortese. Based on Cesare Pavese's 1949 novella Tra donne sole, Le amiche portrays a group of five upper-class women in Turin and their various relationships with men. It premiered at the 16th Venice International Film Festival, where it was awarded the Silver Lion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basiluzzo</span> Island in Messina, Italy

Basiluzzo is an islet, and the smallest of eight islands in the Aeolian Islands, a volcanic island chain north of Sicily. In antiquity, the island was named "Hicesia".

<i>Identification of a Woman</i> 1982 Italian film

Identification of a Woman is a 1982 Italian–French drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Tomás Milián, Daniela Silverio, and Christine Boisson. It was awarded the 35th Anniversary Prize at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.

Lies of Love is a 1949 Italian short documentary film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni about a group of people who pose for photo comics.

Franco Indovina was an Italian film director and screenwriter. In 1959, he was assistant of Michelangelo Antonioni on the set of L'Avventura. He directed six films between 1965 and 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Villa Palagonia</span>

The Villa Palagonia is a patrician villa in Bagheria, 15 km from Palermo, in Sicily, southern Italy. The villa itself, built from 1715 by the architect Tommaso Napoli with the help of Agatino Daidone, is one of the earliest examples of Sicilian Baroque. However, its popularity comes mainly from the statues of monsters with human faces that decorate its garden and its wall, and earned it the nickname of "The Villa of Monsters".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elisabetta Catalano</span> Italian fine-art photographer

Elisabetta Catalano was an Italian fine-art photographer mostly specialized in black and white and color portraiture.

Gente del Po, sometimes referred to in English as People of the Po Valley, is an Italian documentary short film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni in 1943 and released in 1947. It was Antonioni's debut film and is, together with Luchino Visconti's Ossessione, considered to be one of the earliest examples of Italian neorealism. Gente del Po documents people living on or near the Po river, including barge workers and fishermen.

References

  1. 1 2 "L'Avventura". Cineuropa . Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 Valdez, Joe (26 August 2007). "L'Avventura (1960)". This Distracted Globe. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  3. 1 2 Adair, Gilbert (1 August 2007). "Michelangelo Antonioni". The Independent . Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  4. ↑ Gazetas, Aristides (2008). An Introduction to World Cinema (2nd ed.). North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 246. ISBN   978-0-7864-3907-2. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016.
  5. ↑ Wakeman, John, ed. (1988). World Film Directors: Volume Two, 1945–1985 . New York: H. W. Wilson Company. p. 64. ISBN   978-0-8242-0763-2.
  6. 1 2 Cameron, Ian Alexander; Wood, Robin (1971). Antonini. London: Praeger. p. 105. ISBN   978-0289795989. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014.
  7. ↑ Koehler, Robert (August 2011). "What makes Antonioni's L'avventura great". Sight & Sound . Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020. But the map has been opened again by a new generation. Its influence can now be seen in films from every continent – to such an extent that the Antonioni open film can be said to be in its golden age. Here are some examples: the work of Apichatpong Weerasethakul, from Blissfully Yours to Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives; Lisandro Alonso's La libertad through to Liverpool; Uruphong Raksasad's Agrarian Utopia; C.W. Winter and Anders Edström's The Anchorage; Ulrich Köhler's Sleeping Sickness; the entire so-called Berlin School, of which Köhler is a part; Albert Serra's Honour of the Knights and Birdsong; James Benning; Kelly Reichardt; Kore-eda Hirokazu; Ho Yuhang's Rain Dogs; Jia Zhangke's Platform and Still Life; Li Hongqi's Winter Vacation. The list goes on...
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Criterion. Youngblood.
  9. ↑ L'avventura DVD. The Criterion Collection. Special Features. L'avventura: A Moral Adventure. 2001.
  10. ↑ "L'Avventura film locations". The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  11. ↑ Rao, Ennio Italo (2009). Sicilian Palimpsest: The Language of Castroreale and Its Territory . Ottawa: Legas. p. 50. ISBN   978-1-881901-70-9.
  12. ↑ Criterion. L'avventura: A Moral Adventure.
  13. ↑ Nicoli 2016, p. 198.
  14. 1 2 "L'avventura". Cannes Film Festival. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2009.
  15. ↑ L'avventura DVD. The Criterion Collection. Special Features. Audio Commentary by Gene Youngblood. 2001.
  16. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (5 April 1961). "'L'Avventura': Film by Michelangelo Antonioni Opens". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  17. ↑ Sarris, Andrew (23 March 1961). "Andrew Sarris Demands You See This". The Village Voice . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  18. ↑ Kauffmann, Stanley (10 April 1961). "Arrival of an Artist". The New Republic . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  19. ↑ "Martin Scorsese Creates a List of 39 Essential Foreign Films for a Young Filmmaker". Open Culture. 15 October 2014. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  20. ↑ "Film critic Walker dies". BBC News. 15 July 2003.
  21. ↑ "British Film Institute Awards: 3rd". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  22. ↑ "Film in 1961". BAFTA Awards . Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  23. ↑ "L'Avventura: Criterion Collection". DVD Verdict. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  24. ↑ Tomasulo, Frank P. (Spring 2007). "The bourgeoisie is also a class: class as character in Michelangelo Antonioni's L'Avventura". Jump Cut (49). Archived from the original on 20 April 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  25. ↑ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (2013). "L'Avventura". Chicago Reader . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  26. 1 2 Ebert, Roger (19 January 1997). "L'Avventura". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014– via RogerEbert.com.
  27. ↑ Andrew, Geoff (27 June 2007). "L'Avventura". Time Out London . Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  28. ↑ Phillips, Michael (31 October 2013). "It's time: Antonioni anew". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  29. ↑ "Sight & Sound Top Ten Poll: 1962". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  30. ↑ "Sight & Sound Top Ten Poll: 1982". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  31. ↑ "The Greatest Films Poll (Sight & Sound): L'avventura". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  32. ↑ "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema". Empire . Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  33. ↑ "The 100 greatest foreign-language films". BBC Culture. 29 October 2018. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  34. 1 2 Robbe-Grillet, Alain (2005). Préface à une vie d'écrivain (in French). Paris: Seuil. pp. 223–225. ISBN   9782020845885.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.