The Laietani or Laeetani were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania). They inhabited the area occupied by the city of Barcelona. One of the main thoroughfares of the city, Via Laietana, is named after the Laietani. They are believed to have spoken an Iberian language.
Iberian coins, with the inscription laieśken in northeastern Iberian script, dating from the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE, are interpreted as minted by the Laietani, and bearing an endonym of that people in the Iberian language: from the Laietani or from those of Laie. A minority view takes the ś to be part of the name. [1] Conventionally, seven other types of coins have been catalogued as Laietanian, [2] but without a firm connection, as their places of minting are usually unknown. [3] In addition, the name is attested in a few inscriptions. Ancient geographers and writers that have written about the area used a greater variety of names, including Laletani/Laletanum, Lasetani and Lacetani (or at least their manuscript traditions do). Modern editors tend to emend those writings based on the epigraphic evidence, while Lacetani is connected with the other Iberian people of Iacetani. [4] [5] [6]
The Iberian language was the language of an indigenous western European people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian Peninsula in the pre-Migration Era. An ancient Iberian culture can be identified as existing between the 7th and 1st centuries BC, at least.
The Iberian scripts are the Paleohispanic scripts that were used to represent the extinct Iberian language. Most of them are typologically unusual in that they are semi-syllabic rather than purely alphabetic. The oldest Iberian inscriptions date to the 4th or possibly the 5th century BCE, and the latest from end of the 1st century BCE or possibly the beginning of the 1st century CE.
Tarraco is the ancient name of the current city of Tarragona. It was the oldest Roman settlement on the Iberian Peninsula. It became the capital of Hispania Tarraconensis following the latter's creation during the Roman Empire.
The Cynetes or Conii were one of the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Lower Alentejo regions of southern Portugal, and the southern part of Badajoz and the northwestern portions of Córdoba and Ciudad Real provinces in Spain before the 6th century BC. According to Justin's epitome, the mythical Gargoris and Habis were their founding kings.
The falcata is a type of sword typical of pre-Roman Iberia. The falcata was used to great effect for warfare in the ancient Iberian Peninsula, and is firmly associated with the southern Iberian tribes, among other ancient peoples of Hispania. It was highly prized by the ancient general Hannibal, who equipped Carthaginian troops with it during the Second Punic War.
Tartessian is an extinct Paleo-Hispanic language found in the Southwestern inscriptions of the Iberian Peninsula, mainly located in the south of Portugal, and the southwest of Spain. There are 95 such inscriptions; the longest has 82 readable signs. Around one third of them were found in Early Iron Age necropolises or other Iron Age burial sites associated with rich complex burials. It is usual to date them to the 7th century BC and to consider the southwestern script to be the most ancient Paleo-Hispanic script, with characters most closely resembling specific Phoenician letter forms found in inscriptions dated to c. 825 BC. Five of the inscriptions occur on stelae that have been interpreted as Late Bronze Age carved warrior gear from the Urnfield culture.
The Bastetani or Bastuli were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula. They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language. The relationship between the Iberian Bastetani and the Tartessian Mastieni is not entirely clear.
The Ausetani were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula. They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language. They lived in the eponymous region of Ausona and gave their name to the Roman city of Ausa.
The Indigetes were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the eastern side of the Iberian Peninsula. They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language.
The Ilercavones were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula. They are believed to have spoken an Iberian language.
Contestani is an ethnonym of Roman Spain of the imperial period. It appears chiefly in the Greco-Roman writers Pliny the Elder, 1st century, and Claudius Ptolemy, 2nd century. Pliny might be considered the more creditable, as he was for a time procurator of the official Hispania Tarraconensis, a province of the Roman Empire encompassing all the north and all the east of the Iberian Peninsula.
The northeastern Iberian script, also known as Levantine Iberian or simply Iberian, was the primary means of written expression for the Iberian language. It has also been used to write Proto-Basque, as evidenced by the Hand of Irulegi. The Iberian language is also represented by the southeastern Iberian script and the Greco-Iberian alphabet. In understanding the relationship between the northeastern and southeastern Iberian scripts, some note that they are two distinct scripts with different values assigned to the same signs. However, they share a common origin, and the most widely accepted hypothesis is that the northeastern Iberian script was derived from the southeastern Iberian script. Some researchers have concluded that it is linked solely to the Phoenician alphabet, while others believe that the Greek alphabet also played a role.
The paleo-Hispanic languages are the languages of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, excluding languages of foreign colonies, such as Greek in Emporion and Phoenician in Qart Hadast. After the Roman conquest of Hispania the Paleohispanic languages, with the exception of Proto-Basque, were replaced by Latin, the ancestor of the modern Iberian Romance languages.
The Lacetani were an ancient Iberian (pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Pellendones, also designated Pelendones Celtiberorum and Cerindones, were an ancient pre-Roman Celtic people living on the Iberian Peninsula. From the early 4th century BC they inhabited the region near the source of the river Duero in what today is north-central Spain, an area comprising the north of Soria, the southeast of Burgos and the southwest of La Rioja provinces.
Kelin was an ancient Iberian city located on the hill of Los Villares. The site was inhabited from the Proto-Iberian period to the Late Iberian period. The site was walled and covered around 10 hectares. The archaeological site has been known from the mid-18th century, although it was first excavated archaeologically in 1956, with later campaigns as recent as 2011.
The Iacetani or Jacetani were a pre-Roman people who populated the area north of Aragon (Spain). They settled the Ebro valley, specifically in the area along the Pyrenees. Its capital was Iaca. According to Strabo, their land stretched from the Pyrenees to Lleida and Huesca. It is believed that they could be related to the Aquitanes. They were known to stamp coins. They also appear in the texts of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy. However, it is likely that some of the ancient sources confuse them with the Lacetani.
The Bergistani or Bargusii,, were an ancient Iberian or Pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. They were related to the Ilergetes and were not numerous. They inhabited the valley of the Saiarra river in the upper course of the Llobregat in the northern Tarraconense.
Ancient Iberian coinage began in the fifth century BC, and widespread minting and circulation in the Iberian peninsula began late in the third century, during the Second Punic War. Civic coinages - emissions made by individual cities at their own volition - continued under the first two and a half centuries of Roman control until ending in the mid-first century AD. Some non-civic coins were minted on behalf of Roman emperors during this period and continued to be minted after the cessation of the civic coinages. After the cessation of the civic coinages, these Imperial coins were the only coins minted in Iberia until the coins of the Suebi and Visigoths.
Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "LAEAETA´NI". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray.  | This article about an ethnic group in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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