Lamnoidea

Lamnoidea Temporal range: late Albian-present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Lamna nasus (top) and Otodus megalodon (bottom)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Division:	Selachii
Order:	Lamniformes
Superfamily:	Lamnoidea Bonaparte, 1835 [1]
Families
Lamnidae †Otodontidae

Lamnoidea is a proposed superfamily of mackerel sharks, including families Lamnidae and Otodontidae. A number of characteristics, including regional endothermy, tooth morphology, and rostral cartilage morphology, have been suggested to support a sister group relationship between lamnids and otodontids. ^{[2] [3] [4]} However, the hypothesis has been described as "unfounded" by K. Shimada, who suggests that there is "not even one decisive diagnostic character supporting the validity" of Lamnoidea, and that the relationship of otodontids to other members of Lamniformes remains uncertain. ^[5]

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram showing the position of Lamnoidea within Lamniformes under the "Lamnoidea" hypothesis. The topology of extant families is based on Vella & Vella (2020), and the placements of Cretoxyrhinidae and Otodontidae are based on Ferrón (2017), Cooper (2020), and Greenfield (2022). ^{[2] [3] [4] [6]}

Lamniformes	Mitsukurinidae Alopiidae Odontaspididae Pseudocarchariidae Megachasmidae Carchariidae Cetorhinidae †Cretoxyrhinidae? Lamnoidea †Otodontidae Lamnidae

References

1. Bonaparte, C.L. (1835). "Prodromus systematis ichthyologiae". Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali. 2 (4): 181–196, 272–277.
2. Ferrón, H.G. (2017). "Regional endothermy as a trigger for gigantism in some extinct macropredatory sharks". PLOS ONE. 12 (9) e0185185. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285185F. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185185 . PMC   5609766 . PMID   28938002.
3. Cooper, J.A. (2020). "Scaling a giant" (PDF). Geoscientist. 30 (10): 10–15. doi:10.1144/geosci2020-115. S2CID   242895754.
4. Greenfield, T. (2022). "List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)" (PDF). Paleoichthys. 4: 1–9.
5. Shimada, K. Phylogenetic affinity of the extinct shark family Otodontidae within Lamniformes remains uncertain–Comments on “List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)” by Greenfield. Paleoichthys2022, 6, 1–5.
6. Vella, N.; Vella, A. (2020). "The complete mitogenome of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sand tiger shark, Odontaspis ferox (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae)". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 5 (3): 3301–3304. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1814886 . PMC   7782878 . PMID   33458146.